
Class 
Book 



COPYRIGBT DEPOSry 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI 
opera: 

ADAPTED TO THE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM 

BY A 

LITERAL AND ANALYTICAL TRANSLATION. 

BY 

JAMES HAMILTON", 

AtJTHOE OF THE HAMHTONIAN SYSTEM. 



A NEW AND MORE ACCURATE EDITION, 

CAREFULLY RETISED, CORRECTED, AND OMISSIONS SUPPLIED; AND 

WHAT IS OBSCURE OR UNINTELLIGIBLE, IN HAMILTON'S 

TRANSLATION, EXPLAINED. 



THOMAS CLARK. 

PHILADELPHIA: 
CHARLES DESILVER, 

No. 714 Chesnut Street. 

KEEN & LEE, 
148 LA.KE STREET, CHICAGO. 

1857. 




^^ 



^ 



3^ 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by 
CHARLES DESILVER, 
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern 
District of Pennsylvania. 



PREFACE. 



This American edition of Hamilton's interlinear 
Sallust has been carefully revised, the errors corrected, 
and the omissions in the London edition supplied ; for, 
without the greatest care on the part of the translator, 
such omissions often occur in interlinear translations. 
These omissions are indicated, in this edition, by 
placing the English words in brackets [ ] under the 
Latin, as, page 40 : 

Permixtum vino. 
[Mingled with wine.] 

Permixtum vino has, through oversight, been omitted 
in the text ; so also in page 45 : 

Genere atque forma praeterea ; 

[In lineage and beauty moreover;] 

and in page 50 : 

Pro magnitudine reipublicae. 

[For the greatness of the republic] 

Here are three important omissions in the space of 
ten pages ; and these omissions occur nearly in the 
same proportion throughout the London edition. 

By a strict adherence to the Hamiltonian plan of 
translating, many English sentences will be formed, 
not only very uncouth, but also often unintelligible. 

" (iii) 



IV PREFACE. 

This Hamilton has sometimes sought to obviate, by 
adding explanatory sentences in parenthesis ( ), as ; 

Quid reliqui habemus. 

What of remaining hare we. (What have we left). 

But still he has left many sentences unintelligible, or 
nearly so. Such sentences the American editor has 
explained by adding words or sentences included in 
brackets [ ] instead of the parentheses ( ) of Hamil- 
ton, as: 

Ipse esse cum telo, item jubere alios ; 

He himself was with a weapon, also to order others ; [he himself was armed, 

Festinare dies que noctes. 
and ordered others to be so]. To hasten days and nights. [He was actively 
employed day and night.j 

In the following sentences, though explanatory words 
have been inserted by Hamilton, still the sentences 
are left obscure; and the American editor has found it 
necessary to explain them by sentences in brackets, 
[ ], as : 
Familiarem rem deesse nobis etiam ad necessaria. 

Private things (property) to be wanting to us even to (for) necessary 

Ulti maxumfe 

(matters). [While we want the necessaries of life.] Having avenged chiefly 

nostrum sanguinera. Alia 

(best) our blood. [After having sold our lives dearly.] Another 

licentia est aliis 
(different) license is to different (persons). [There is a difference in the 
freedom of action.] 

It was necessary to make similar explanations also 
in a great many other sentences throughout the book. 

Thomas Clark. 



TESTIMONIALS 



AS TO 



THE MERITS OF 



€1]^ IntElfauat ®raitMati0n nf Hit €lum. 



TestimGny of celebrated men in favour of the interlineary system 
of translations, as being best adapted for learning a language. 

Milton. — We do amiss to spend seven or eight years merely 
in scraping together as much Latin and Greek as might be 
learned easily and delightfully in one year. 

If, after some preparatory grounds of speech by their certain 
forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in 
some chosen short book lessoned thoroughly to them, [that is, read 
and translated to them], which would bring the whole language 
quickly into their power. This I take to be the most natural 
and most profitable way of learning languages. 

[Children] should begin with the chief and necessary rules 
of some good grammar, either that now used, or any better ; and 
while this is doing, their speech is to be fashioned to a distinct 
and clear pronunciation, as near as may be to the Italian, espe- 
cially in the vowels. Next, to make them expert in the usefullest 
points of grammar, some easy and delightful book should be 
read to them. 

[By this, Milton means that the teacher should read some 
easy Latin book to his pupils, and translate and explain it re- 
peatedly, until they understand such Latin book, and can them- 
selves translate it.] 

1* (v) 



VI TESTIMONIALS. 

John Locke, author of the "Essay on the Human Under- 
standing." — When I consider what ado is made about a little 
Latin and Greek, how many years are spent in it, and what a 
noise and business it makes to no purpose, I can hardly forbear 
thinking that the parents of children still live in fear of the 
schoolmaster's rod, which they look on as the only instrument 
of education ; as a language or two to be his whole business. 
How else is it possible that a child should be chained to the oar, 
seven, eight, or ten of the best years of his life, to get a language 
or two, which, I think, might be had at a great deal cheaper rate 
of pains and time, and be learned almost in playing. 

[The first project of Locke] is to trouble the child with no 
grammar at all, but to have Latin as English has been, without 
the perplexity of rules, talked into him, for, if you will consider 
it, Latin is no more unknown to a child, when he comes into the 
world, than English ; and yet he learns English without a 
master, rule, or grammar ; and so might he Latin, tgo, as Tully 
did, if he had somebody always to talk to him in this language. 
And when we so often see a French woman teach an English 
girl to speak and read French perfectly in a year or two, with- 
out any rule of grammar, or anything else but prattling to her, 
I cannot but wonder how. gentlemen have overseen this way for 
their sons. If, therefore, a man could be got, who, himself 
speaking good Latin, would always be about your son, talk con- 
stantly to him, and sufi'er him to speak and read nothing else, 
this would be the true and genuine way, and that which I would 
propose, not only as the easiest and best, wherein a child might, 
without pains or chiding, get a language which others are wont 
to be whipt for at school six or seven years together; but also 
as that wherein, at the same time, he might have his mind and 
manners formed, and be instructed in all other parts of know- 
ledge of things that fall under the senses, and require little 
more than memory. But if such a man cannot be got who 
speaks good Latin, the next best thing is to have him taught as 
near this way as may be, which is by taking some easy and 
pleasant book, such as vEsop's Fables, and writing the English 
translation (made as literal as can be) in one line, and the Latin 
words which answer each of them, just over it in another. 
These let him read every day, over and over again, till he per- 
fectly understands the Latin ; and then go on to another Fable, 



TESTIMONIALS. Vll 

till he is also perfect in that, not omitting what he is already 
perfect in, but sometimes reviewing that to keep it in his 
memory. 

The formation of the verb first, and afterwards the declen- 
sions of the nouns and pronouns, perfectly learned by heart, 
facilitate his acquaintance with the genius and manner of the 
Latin tongue, which varies the signification of verbs and nouns, 
not as the modern languages do, by particles prefixed, but by 
changing the last syllable. More than this of grammar, I think, 
he need not have, till he can read himself Sanctii Minerva. 

As he advances in acquiring a knowledge of words, he must 
advance, pari pasu, in obtaining a thorough and critical know- 
ledge of grammar. When by this way of interlining Latin and 
English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of 
the Latin tongue, he may then be advanced a little farther, to 
the reading of some other easy Latin book, such as Justin, or 
Eutropius ; and, to make the reading and understanding of it 
the less tedious and difficult to him, let him help himself with 
the English translation. Nor let the objection, that he will then 
know it only by rote, fright any one. This, when well consi- 
dered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this way 
of learning a language. For languages are only to be learned 
by rote ; and a man who does not speak English and Latin per- 
fectly by rote, so that having thought of the thing he would 
speak of, his tongue, of course without thought of rule or gram- 
mar, falls into the proper expression and idiom of that language, 
does not speak it well, nor is master of it. Languages were 
made, not by rules of art, but by accident, and the common use 
of the people ; and he that speaks them well has no other rule 
but that, nor anything to trust to but his memory, and the habit 
of speaking, after the fashion learned from those that are allowed 
to speak properly, which, in other words, is only to speak by 
rote. 

Sydney Smith. — The Hamiltonian system, on the other hand : 
Ist. Teaches an unknown tongue by the closest interlinear trans- 
lations, instead of leaving a boy to explore his way by the 
lexicon or dictionary. 2d. It postpones the study of grammar 
till a considerable progress has been made in the language, and 
a great degree of practical grammar has been acquired. 3d. It 
Bubstitutes the cheerfulness and competition of the Lancasterian 



Vlll TESTIMONIALS. 

system for the dull solitude of the dictionary. By these means 
a boy finds he is making a progress, and learning something 
from the very beginning. He is not overwhelmed with the first 
appearance of insuperable difficulties ; he receives some little 
pay from the first moment of his apprenticeship, and is not 
compelled to wait for remuneration till he is out of his time. 
The student, having acquired the great art of understanding 
the sense of what is written in another tongue, may go into the 
study of the language as deeply and as extensively as he pleases. 
The old system aims at beginning with a depth and accuracy 
which many men never will want, which disgusts many from 
arriving even at moderate attainments, and is a less easy, and 
not more certain road to a profound skill in a language, than if 
attention to grammar had been deferred to a later period. 

In fine, we are strongly persuaded that, the time being given, 
this system will make better scholars ; and, the degree of 
scholarship being given, a much shorter time will be needed. 
If there is any truth in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of 
the most useful men of his age ; for, if there is anything which 
fills reflecting men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste 
of mortal time, parental money, and puerile happiness, in the 
present method of pursuing Latin and Greek. 



Virgil, Horace, Caesar, Cicero, and Sallust, have 
already been published on the interlinear plan, and 
will he succeeded hy the other classics {Grreek as well 
as Latin) as speedily as is consistent with accurate 
preparation, and the importance of the undertaking, 

Charles Desilver, 

714 Chesnut Street, Phila. 

Keen & Lee, 

148 Lake Street, Chicago. 



SALIUSTII CATILINA 

SALLUST'S CATILINE. 



I 



Decet omnis (omnes) homines, qui student 

It becomes all men, who study 

sese prsestare cseteris animalibus, niti 

themselves to excel to other animals, to endeavour -with [their] 

summa ope ne transeant vitam silentio 

utmost might (that) they may not-pass [their] life in silence 

veluti pecora, quae natura finxit prona atqiie 

even-as cattle, which nature has formed prone and 

obedientia ventri. Sed omnis nostra vis est 

obedient to the belly. But all our force is 

sita animo et corpore. Utimiir imperio animi, 

situate in mind and body. We use the command of the mind, 

magis servitio corporis. Alterum est 

more (than) the service of the body. The other (the one) is 

commune nobis cum Dis, alterum cum beluis. 

common to us with the gods, the other with beasts. 

Quo videtur mihi rectius quserere gloriam opibus 

By which it seems to me more-right to seek glory by the powers 

ingenii quam virium, et quoniam 

of the understanding than of forces (bodily strength), and since 

vita ipsa, qua; fruimur est brevis efficere 

the life self, which we enjoy is short to effect [make] 

memoriam nostri quam maxime longam. 

the memory (remembrance) of us as most long. 

Nam gloria divitiarum et formae 

[Endure most long.] For the glory of riches and of shape 

( 9) 



10 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

est fluxa atque fragilis ; virtus habetur 

(beauty) is fleeting and frail; virtue is had 

clara que seterna. Sed magnum certamen 

(accounted) bright and eternal. But a great contest 

fuit diu inter mortalis (mortales), ne militaris 

has been along-time between mortals, whether military 

res procederet magis vi corporis, an 

thing (tactics) would advance more by force of body, or 

virtute animi. Nam et priusquam incipias 

by virtue of mind. For and (even) before-that thou mayest begin 

est opus consulto, et ubi 

(thou beginnest) (there) is need with (of) deliberation, and when 

consulueris facto 

thcu mayest have deliberated (hast deliberated) of deed [need of doing] 

mature. Ita utrumque indigens per se, alterum 

seasonably. So either (is) defective by self, the other 

eget auxilio alterius. Igitur initio 

(the one) wants the aid of the other. Therefore in the beginning 

reges (nam id fuit primum nomen imperii in 

kings (for that has been the first name of government in 

terris) diversi pars exercebant 

the lands) (world) different (indisposition) 

ingenium, alii corpus : 

the understanding, others the body ; 

hominum agitabatur sine cupiditate, sua 

of men Avas spent without covetousness, their-own 

satis placebant cuique. Vero postea quam 

■were-suflBciently-pleasing [to] every-one. But after that 

Cyrus in Asia, Lacedasmonii et Athenienses 

Cyrus in Asia, (and) the Lacedemonians and Athenians 

in Graecia, coepere subigere urbes atque nationes ; 

in Greece, began to subdue cities and nations; 

habere lubidinem dominandi causam 

to have [began to consider] the lust of ruling a cause 

belli, putare maxumam gloriam in 

of war, [and] to think [that] the greatest glory [was] in 

maxumo imperio ; turn demum compertum est 

the greatest command; then at length it was found 



part 


did exercise 


etiam 


turn vita 


also 


then the life 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 11 

perlculis atque negotiis, ingenium plurimum posse 

by dangers and affairs^ [that] the understanding to be most-powerful 

in bello. Quod si virtus animi 

{could effect most) in war. But if the virtue of the mind 

regum atque imperatorum valeret, ita in 

of kings and of commanders might prevail, [equally] so in 

pace ut in bello, humanse res haberent sese 

peace as in war, human things would have themselves 

sequabilius atque constantius ; neque 

(would be) more-even and more-steady; neither 

cerneres aliud ferri alio, neque 

wouldst thou perceive another (one thing) to be borne elsewhere, neither 

omnia mutari ac misceri. Nam imperium 

all (things) to be changed and to be mingled. For government 

retinetur facile iis artibus, quibus initio 

is retained easily by those arts, by which in the beginning 

partum est. Verum ubi pro labor e, desidia ; 

it was-acquired. But when instead-of labour, idleness ; 

pro continentid, et aequitate, lubido atque 

instead-of continence and equity, lust and 

superbia invasere, fortuna immutatur simul 

pride came-in (seized), fortune is changed together 

cum moribus. Ita imperium transfertur semper a 

with manners. So authority is transferred always from 

minus bono ad quemque optumum. Quae 

(the) less good (man) to each best. Whatever 

homines arant, navigant, sedificant, 

(things) men plough, navigate, build, (agriculture, navi- 

omnia parent virtuti. Sed 

gation, architecture), all obey to virtue (mental powers). But 

multi mortales, dediti ventri, atque somno, indocti 

many mortals, addicted to the belly, and to sleep, untaught 

que inculti, transiere vitam sicuti 

and unpolished, have passed life as (persons) 

peregrinantes ; quibus profecto contra naturam 

travelling: to whom indeed [contrary to nature] (their) 

corpus fuit voluptati, anima oneri. Ego 

body has been for pleasure, the soul for a burden. I 



12 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

Destumo vitam que mortem eorum juxta, quoniam 

estknate the life and death of them equally, since 

siletur de utraque. Yerum enimvero 

it is silent (nothing is said) concerning each. But truly 

is demum videtur mihi vivere et frui anima;, qui, 

he at length appears to me to live and to enjoy life, who, 

intentus aliquo negotio, qugerit famam praeclari 

intent on some business, seeks the fame of illustrious 

facinoi'is aut bonse artis. Sed in magna, copia 

enterprise or of good art. But in the great abundance 

rerum, natura ostendit aliud iter 

of things, nature points-out another (different) journey (course) 

alii. Est pulchrum benefacere reipublicge, 

to another (person). It is fair to do-well to the republic, 

etiam benedicere est baud absurdum. Licet 

also to speak-well is not absurd. It is-lawful 

fieri clarum vel pace vel bello : et multi 

to be made illustrious either by peace or by war : and many 

laudantur, qui fecere, et qui scripsere facta 

are praised, who have done, and who have written deeds 

aliorum. Ac tametsi par gloria baudquaquam 

of others. And although equal glory by-no-means 

sequatur scriptorem et actorem rerum, tamen 

may follow (follows) the writer and actor of things, yet 

videtur quidem mihi in primis arduum scribere res' 

it seems [indeed to me] particularly difficult to write things 

gestas : primum, quod facta sunt exsequanda 

carried-on (history) : first, because deeds are to-be-equalled 

dictis ; dein quia ~ plerique putant 

by sayings (language) ; afterwards because most think ' 

delicta, quae reprebenderis, dicta 

the faults, which thou may est have reproved, (to be) said from 

malevolentia et invidia ; ubi memores de magnSi 

ill-will and envy; when thou mayest record of the great 

virtute bonorum ; quae quisque putet 

virtue of good (men) ; whatever (things) each may think 

facilia factu sibi, acclpit aequo 

(thinks) easy to be done to (by) himself, he receives with even 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 13 

animo ; supra ducit pro falsis, veluti 

mind; beyond (that) he leads (deems) [all] for false, [or] as 

ficta. ' Sed ego, adolescentulus, initio latus sum 

feigned. But I, a very-young-man, in the beginning was-borne 

studio* ad Rempublicam ; que ibi multa 

by inclination to the Republic; and there many (things) 

fu^re advorsa mihi. Nam audacia, largitio, 

have been adverse to me. For boldness, bribery, 

avaritia, vigebant pro pudore, pro abstinenti^, 

covetousness, did flourish instead-of modesty, instead-of abstinence, 

pro virtute ; quas tametsi animus 

instead-of virtue; which (things) although (my) mind 

insolens ' malarum artium, aspernabatur ; 

unaccustomed of (to) bad arts, did despise; 

tamen imbecilla setas, corrupta ambitione, tenebatur 

yet (my) weak age, corrupted by ambition, was held 

inter tanta vitia. Ac cum dissentirem ab 

among so-great vices. And when I would dissent from 

reliquis malis moribus, nihilominus eadem cupido 

the rest (others') bad manners, nevertheless the same desire 

honoris, quae vexabat Cfeteros, fama et invidia 

of honour, which did harass the rest, fame and envy 

(vexabant) me. Igitur ubi animus requievit ex 

(did harass) me. Therefore when (my) mind rested from 

multis miseriis atque periculis, et decrevi 

many miseries and dangers, and I resolved [that] (my) 

reliquam aetatem babendam procul 

remaining age to-be-had [should] (be passed) at-a-distance 

a Republica,- non fuit consilium 

from the Republic (public affairs), it has not-been (my) design 

conterere bonum otium socordia atque desidia; neque 

to consume good leisure in sloth and idleness ; nor 

vero agere setatem, intentum servilibus 

truly to act (spend) age (my life), intent on servile 

officiis, colendo agrum aut venando : sed 

offices, in cultivating field (land) or in hunting : but 

* Or, from stndt/, which it appears is the author's meaning, from what 
follows; "sed h, quo incepto studioque me mala ambitio," &c. 

2 



14 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

regressus eodem, a quo incepto que 

having returned to the same (pursuit), from which undertaking and 

studio, mala ambitio detinuerat me, statui 

study, bad ambition had detained me, I resolved 

perscribere res gestas Romani 

to write-through things carried-on (the achievements) of the Roman 

populi carptim, uti quseque videbantur digna 

people with-selection, as each did seem worthy (of) 

memoria: magis eo, quod animus erat 

memory : more on-this-account, because (my) mind was 

liber mihi h spe, metu, partibus Reipublicse. 

free to me from hope, fear, [and the] factions of the Republic. 

Igitur absolvam paucis de 

Therefore I will acquit (dispose) in a few (words) concerning [I will 

conjuratione Catilinge quam 

relate in a few words] the conspiracy of Catiline as 

verissum^ potero. Nam existumo id facinus 

most-truly [as] I shall be-able. For I think that enterprise 

in primis memorabile novitate sceleris atque 

particularly memorable from the novelty of (its) wickedness and 

periculi: de moribus cujus hominis pauca 

danger: concerning the morals of Avhich man a few (things) 

sunt explananda, prius quam faciam initium 

are to-be-explained, before-that I may make (I make) a beginning 

narrandi. 

of relating. », 

Lucius Catilina, natus nobili genere, 

Lucius Catiline, born (descended) of a noble race, 

fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, 

was (a man) (of) great strength and (both) of mind and of body, 

sed malo que pravo ingenio. Intestina bella, 

but (of) a bad and depraved disposition. Intestine wars, 

csedes, rapinse, civilis discordia fuere grata buic 

slaughters, rapines, civil discord were agreeable to this 

ab adolescentia ; que ibi exercuit 

(man) from (his) youth; and there (in them) he exercised 

suam juventutem. Corpus patiens inedise, 

his youth. (His) body (was) patient of hunger, 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 15 

algoris, vlgiliae, supra quam est 

of cold, of watchfulness (want of sleep), beyond than (what) is 

credibile cuiquam : animus audax, subdolus, 

credible to any-one : (his) mind adventurous, crafty, 

varius, simulator ac dissimulator cujuslibet rei, 

changeable, a counterfeiter and dissembler of any thing, 

appetens alieni, profusus sui; ardens in 

desirous of another's (property), lavish of his own; ardent in 

cupiditatibus ; satis eloquentise, parum sapientise ; 

desires ; (he had) sufficient of eloquence, little of wisdom ; 

vastus animus semper cupiebat immoderata, 

(his) vast mind always did desire extravagant, 

incredibilia, nimis alta. Post dominationem 

incredible, (and) too high (things). After the domination 

Lucii Sullae, maxuma lubido republicae 

(usurpation) of Lucius Sylla, a very-great lust (ambition) of the republic 

capiundse invaserat hunc, iieque 

to be-taken (of seizing the republic) had seized him, nor 

habebat quidquam pensi quibus 

tad he any of thought [nor did he care] by what 

modis assequeretur id, dura pararet regnum 

means he might attain that, while he should procure the kingdom 

sibi. Ferox animus agitabatur magis que 

for himself. (His) fierce mind was agitated more and 

magis in dies, inopi^ familiaris rei, 

more daily, from want of familiar thing (private property), 

et conscientia scelerum; utraque quae auxerat 

and a consciousness of crimes; both which he had increased 

bis artibus, quas memoravi supra: 

by those arts (practices), which I have recorded above : 

prseterea corrupti mores civitatis incitabant, 

moreover the corrupt manners of the state did incite (him), 

quos, luxuria atque avaritia, pessuma mala, 

which (manners), luxury and avarice, the worst evils, 

ac diversa inter se, vexabant. 

and different between themselves, did harass (did pervert). 

Res ipsa videtur hortari, quoniam 

The thing (subject) self seems to exhort (me), since 



16 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

tempus admonuit de moribus civitatis, 

time (the occasion) has reminded (me) of the manners of the state, 

repetere supra ac disserere paucis 

to retrace above [farther back] and discuss in a few (words) 

instituta majorum domi que militise, 

the institutions of (our) ancestors at-home and abroad [in war], 

quomodo habuerint rempublicam, 

in-what-manner they may have had (they managed) the republic, 

que quantam reliquerint, et disserere 

and how-great they may have left (they left it), and [to discuss] 

ut paulatim immutata, facta sit 

how by-degrees having been changed, it may have been made 

pessuma ac flagitiosissuma ex 

(it became) the worst and most-disgraceful from (having been) 

pulcherruma. 

the fairest. 

Trojani, sicut ego accepi, initio, 

The Trojans, as I have received (have heard), in the beginning, 

condidere atque habuere arbem Rom am ; 

(first) built and had (inhabited) the city Rome; 

qui, ^nea duce, profugi vagabantur 

who, jEneas (being their) leader, [as] exiles did wander 

incertis sedibus ; que cum his 

in uncertain seats (having no fixed habitation); and with these 

Aborigines, agreste genus hominum, sine legibus, 

the Aborigines, a rustic race of men, without laws, 

liberum atque solutum. Postquam hi 

free and loosed (unrestrained). After-that they 

convenere ibi in una moenia dispari 

assembled there into one (the same) walls (city) of different 

genere, dissimili lingua, viventes alius alio 

race, of dissimilar language, living one (each) in a different 

more, est incredibile memoratu, quam facile 

custom, it is incredible to-be-recorded, how easily 

coaluerint. Sed postquam 

they may have coalesced (they incorporated). But after-that 

res eorum aucta civibus, moribus, 

the thing (state) of them having been increased by citizens, morals 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 17 

agris, videbatur satis prosper a, que 

(moral institutions), lands, did appear sufficiently prosperous, and 

satis pollens, invidia orta est ex opulentia, 

sufficiently powerful, envy arose out-of opulence, 

sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur. 

as most of mortal (things) are had (are conducted). 

Igitur reges que finitimi populi 

Therefore kings and neighbouring peoples (people) (began) 

tentare bello. Pauci ex amicis esse auxilio. 

to-try (them) in war. A few of (their) friends to be for aid 

Nam cseteri, perculsi metu, aberant 

(brought them aid). For the rest, stricken with fear, kept-aloof 

^ periculis. At Romani, intenti domi que 

from dangers. But the Romans, intent at-home and 

militise, festinare, parare, alius 

of war (abroad), (began) to hasten, to prepare, the other (one) 

liortari alium ire obviam hostibus ; tegere 

to exhort another to go towards the enemies; to protect 

libertatem, patriam, que parentes armis. 

liberty, (their) country, and parents with arms. 

Post ubi propulerant pericula virtute 

Afterward when they had repulsed dangers by virtue (valour) 

portabant auxilia sociis atque amicis ; que parabant 

they did carry aids to allies and friends; and did prepare 

amicitias magis beneficiis dandis quam 

(procure) friendships rather by favours to-be-given than 

accipiundis. * 

to be received. [Rather by giving, than by receiving favours.] 

Habebant legitimum imperium, regium nomen 

They did have a legitimate government, a royal name 

imperii; delecti quibus corpus erat infirmum 

of government : chosen (men) to whom the body was weak 

annis, ingenium validum sapienti^, 

by years, (their) understanding strong with wisdom, 

consultabant reipublicse. Hi, vel 

did consult (legislate) for the republic. These, either from (their) 

setate vel similitudine curse, appellabantur 

age or from the similitude of (their) care, were called 

2* 



18 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

Patres. Post ubi regium imperium, quod 

Fathers. Afterwards when the royal government, which 

initio fuerat libertatis 

in the beginning had been (established) (for the sake) of liberty 

conservandge, atque reipublicse augendee, convertit 

to-be-preserved, and of the republic to-be-increased, turned 

in superbiam . que dominationem, more 

(itself) into pride . and tyranny, (their) practice 

immutato, fecere sibi annua imperia, 

having been changed, they made for themselves annual governments, 

binos imperatores : eo modo putabant bumanum 

two rulers: by that means they did think the human 

animum posse minime insolescere per licentiam. 

mind to-be-able least to-grow-insolent through excess-of-power. 

Sed ea tempestate coep^re quisque extollere 

But at that time they began each to extol 

se magis que magis, que habere 

(exert) himself more and more, and to have (his) 

ingenium in promptu : nam boni 

understanding in readiness: for good [and talented] (men) 

sunt suspectiores regibus quam mali; que 

are more-suspected to kings than bad [and stupid] ; and 

aliena virtus est semper formidolosa bis. 

strange (another's) virtue is always formidable to these. 

Sed est incredibile memoratu, quantum civitas 

But it is incredible to be recorded, how-much the state 

creverit brevi, libertate 

may have increased (increased) in a-short-time, liberty 

adepta : tanta cupido gloriae incesserat. 

having been obtained : so-great a desire of glory had come-in. 

Jamprimum juventus, simul-ac erat 

I^ow-first the youth, as-soon-as it was (they were) 

patiens belli, discebat in castris militiam 

able-to-endure war, did learn in the camps war 

usu per laborem ; que habebat lubidlnera 

from habit through exercise; and did have pleasure 

magis in decoris armis, et militaribus equis, quam 

rather in beautiful arms, and military horses, than 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 19 

in scortis atque conviviis. Tgitiir labos erat non 

in harlots and banquets. Therefore labour was not 

insolitus talibus viris, non-ullus locus asper aut 

unusual to-such men, not-any place rough or 

arduus ; armatns hostis non formidolosiis : 

diflScult (inaccessible) ; an armed enemy [was] not formidable: 

virtus domuerat omnia. Sed maxumum certamen 

virtue had subdued all (things). But a very-great contest 

glorise erat inter ipsos : quisque properabat ferire 

for glory was among them : each did hasten to strike 

hostem, ascendere murum, conspici dum faceret 

the enemy, to scale the wall, to bc-beheld whilst he might do 

tale facinus : putabant eas divitias, 

(did perform) such enterprise : they did think these riches, 

earn bonam famam, que magnam nobilitatem. 

that good fame, and great nobility (distinction). 

Erant avidi laudis, liberales pecuniae; volebant 

They were desirous of praise, liberal of money j they did will 

ingentem gloriam, honestas divitias. Possem 

(wished for) great glory, honourable riches. I could 

memorare in quibus locis Romanus populus 

to relate in what places the Roman people 

fuderit maxumas copias hostium parva 

may have routed (routed) very-great forces of the enemies with a small 

manu; quas urbes munitas natnra 

band; what cities fortified by nature (they) [the Roman people] 

ceperit pugnando, ni ea res 

may have taken (they took) in-fighting, unless that thing 

traheret nos longius ab incepto. .^ Sed 

would draw us farther (too far) from (our) undertaking. But 

profecto fortuna dominatur in omni re ; ea celebrat 

indeed fortune controls in every thing; she celebrates 

que obscurat cunctas res magis ex lubidine 

and eclipses (depresses) all things rather from caprice 

quam ex vero. Res gestae 

than from truth (merit). The things carried-on (deeds) 

Atbeniensium, sicut ego cxistumo, fuere satis 

of the Athenians, as I think, have been sufficiently 



20 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

amplae que magnlficge; veriim tamen aliquanto 

ample (great) and magaiflcent; but however by somewhat 

minores quam feruntur fama : sed quia 

less than they are borne (represented) by fame : but because 

magna ingenia scriptorum provenere ibi, 

great understandings (abilities) of writers sprang-up there, 

facta Atheniensium celebrantur per terrarum 

the deeds of the Athenians are celebrated through the whole 

orbem pro maxumis. Ita virtus eorum, qui 

world for the greatest. So the virtue of those, who 

fecere ea, babetur tanta, quantum 

have done those (things), is accounted so-great, as 

progclara ingenia potuere extollere 

the brilliant understandings (of their writers) have been able to extol 

ea, verbis. At ea copia nunquam 

them [by their writings]. But that abundance (of writers) never 

fuit Romano populo ; quia quisque 

has been to the Roman people : because each 

prudentissimus erat maxume negotiosus : nemo 

most-skilful (man) was most active : no-one 

exercebat ingenium sine corpore: quisque 

did exercise the understanding without the body : each 

optumus malebat facere quam dicere ; 

best (man) did rather-wish to do than to say [and to have]; 

sua benefacta laudari ab aliis, quam ipse narrare 

his-own good-deeds to be praised by others, than he to relate 

aliorum. Igitur boni mores 

(those) to others. Therefore good manners (practices) 

colebantur domi, que militi^e 

were celebrated [cultivated] at-home, and at-war (in the camp) (their) 

Concordia erat maxuma, avaritia minuma, jus 

unanimity was very-great, (their) selfishness very-small, justice 

que bonum valebat apud eos non magis legibus 

and good did prevail among them not more by laws 

quam natura. Exercebant jurgia, 

than by nature. They did exercise (practise) contentions, 

discordias, simultates cum hostibus ; cives certabant 

discords, feuds with the enemies; citizens did vie 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 21 

civibus de virtute. Erant 

with citizens concerning virtue [in deeds of valour]. They were 

magnifici in suppliciis deorum, parci 

maguificent in (their) worships (worship) of the gods, frugal 

domi, fideles in amicos. Curabant 

of (at) home, faithful toward (their) friends. They did manago 

que se que rempublicam his duabus artibus, 

both themselves and the republic by these two arts 

audacia, in bello, sequitate, ubi pax 

(practices), by boldness in war, by equity, when peace 

evenerat. Quarum rerum ego habeo hgec maxuma 

had happened. Of which things I have these very-great 

documenta, quod in bello vindicatum est 

proofs, that in war it-was-vindicated (punishment was 

S9epius in eos, qui pugnaverant in hostem 

visited) oftener on those, who had fought against the enemy 

contra imperium, que qui revocati, excesserant 

contrary-to command, and who having been recalled, had departed 

tardius prselio, quam qui 

more slowly (too slowly) from battle, than (on those) who 

ausi-erant relinquere signa, aut pulsi 

had-dared to leave-behind (their) standards, or having been repulsed 

cedere loco : vero agitabant imperium 

to retire from place (their post) : but they did conduct the government 

in pace, magis beneficiis quam metu, injuria 

in peace, rather by kindnesses than by fear, an injury 

accepta, malebant ignoscere quam 

having been received, they did rather-wish to pardon than 

persequi. Sed ubi respublica crevit labore 

to avenge (it). But when the republic increased by industry 

atque justitia, magni reges domiti bello; 

and justice, [when] great kings (were) conquered in war; 

ferae nationes, et ingentes populi subacti 

savage nations, and great peoples (people) subdued 

vi, Carthago, semula Romani imperii, 

by force, [when] Carthage, the rival of the Roman empire, 

interiit ab stirpe, cuncta 

perished from (its) stem, (was wholly destroyed), [when] all 



22 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

maria que terrge patebant, fortuna coepit ssevire 

seas and lands did lie-open, fortune began to rage 

ac miscere omnia. Otium, divitise, 

and confound all (things). Peace, [repose] riches, (things) 

optandae aliis, fuere oneri que 

to be wished to others, [for by some] were for a burden (a burden) and 

miserise iis, qui facile toleraverant dubias 

wretchedness to those, who easily had endured doubtful (critical) 

atque asperas res. Igitur primo cupido pecuniae, 

and rough things. Therefore at-first the desire of money, 

dein imperii, crevit : ea fuere quasi materies 

then of command, increased : those were as-if the source 

omnium malorum. Namque avaritia subvertit fidem, 

of all evils. For avarice overturned faith, 

probitatem, que caeteras bonas artes ; pro 

honesty, and other good arts (qualities); instead-of 

his edocuit superbiam crudelitatem, negligere 

these it taught (them) pride, cruelty, to neglect 

deos, habere omnia venalia; ambitio subegit 

the gods, to have all things venal ; ambition compelled 

multos mortales fieri falsos ; habere aliud 

many mortals to be made (become) false ; to have one 

clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in 

(thing) shut-up in the breast, another ready on (the) 

lingua; sestumare amicitias que inimicitias non 

tongue ; to estimate friendships and enmities not 

ex re, sed ex commodo ; 

according-to the thing (moral worth), but according-to advantage; 

que habere bonum vultum magis quam 

and to have a good (fair) countenance rather than (an honest) 

ingenium. Haec primo crescere paulatim, 

disposition. These at-first (began) to increase by-degrees, 

interdum vindicari. Post ubi contagio, quasi 

sometimes to be punished. Afterwards when the contagion, as-if 

pestilentia invasit, civitas immutata : 

a pestilence invaded (them), the state (was) changed: 

imperium factum crudele que intolerandum, 

the government (was) made cruel and intolerable, 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 23 

ex justlssimo que optumo. Sed primo ambitio 

from the most-just and the best. But at- first ambitiou 

exercebat animos hominum magis quam avaritia : 

did exercise the minds of men more than avarice : 

quod vitium tamen erat propius virtutem. 

which vice [of ambition] however was nearer-to virtue. 

Nam bonus ignavus seque exoptant sibi 

For the good (and) the indolent equally wish for themselves 

gloriam, honorem, imperium, sed ille 

glory, honour (preferment) authority, but he [the ambi- 

nititur vera via ; 

tious man] (the former) endeavours (for them) in the true way [by ho- 

quia bonge artes desunt huic, 

nourable means]; because good arts (qualities) are-wanting to this 

contendit dolis atque fallaciis. 

(the latter), [avarice], he strives (for them) by deceits and fallacies. 

Avaritia habet studium pecuniae, quam nemo 

Avarice has a zeal [and desire] of money, which no 

sapiens concupivit. Ea, quasi imbuta malls 

wise (man) has coveted. It, as-if imbued with bad 

venenis, effoeminat corpus que virilem animum : est 

poisons, enervates the body and manly mind : is 

semper infinita, insatiabilis : neque minuitur 

always unbounded, insatiable : neither is [it] lessened 

copiai neque inopia. Sed postquam Lucius Sulla, 

by plenty nor by want. But after Lucius Sylla, 

republica- recepta armis, habuit malos 

the republic having been recovered by arms, had bad (unsuccess- 

eventus ex bonis initiis ; omnes rapere 

ful) results from good b.9ginnings; all (began) to-plunder 

trabere : alius cupere domum, alius 

to-draw (to take away) : another (one) to covet a house, another 

agros. Victores habere neque modum 

lands. [That] the conquerors to have [had] neither manner (bounds) 

neque modestiam: facere foeda que 

nor modesty (moderation) : to do [and did] disgraceful and 

crudelia facinora in civis. Hue 

cruel crimes against (their) fellow-citizens. Hither 



24 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

acceclebat quod Lucius Sulla, contra 

did come (to this was to be added), that Lucius Sylla, contrary -to 

morem majorum, habuerat exercitum, 

the custom of (our) ancestors, had (treated) the army, 

quern ductaverat in Asia, luxuriose que nimis 

which he had often-led in Asia, intemperately and too 

liberaliter, quo faceret fidum sibi. 

liberally, in-order-that he might make (it) faithful to himself. 

Amoena, voluptaria loca facile molliverant ferocis 

Pleasant, voluptuous places easily had enervated the fierce 

(feroces) animos militum in otio. Ibi primum 

minds of the soldiers in peace. There first 

exercitus Komani populi insuevit amare, 

the army of the Roman people became-accustomed to love, 

potare, mirari signa, ' pictas tabulas, 

to drink, to admire signs, (statues), painted tablets (pictures), 

coelata vasa ; rapere ea privatim et public^, 

carved vases ; to plunder those (things) privately and publicly, 

spoliare delubra, polluere omnia sacra que 

to rob shrines (temples), to pollute all (things) sacred and 

profana. Igitur hi milites, postquam adepti-sunt 

profane. Therefore these soldiers, after they obtained 

victoriam, fecere nihil reliqui 

a victory, made nothing of remaining (left nothing) 

victis. Quippe secundse res fatigant 

to the vanquished. For [indeed] prosperous things fatigue (try) 

animos sapientium ; ne illi temperarent 

the minds of the wise ; much less could they-moderately-enjoy 

victoria, moribus corruptis. Postquam 

victory, (their) manners having been corrupted. After 

divitise coepere esse bonori, et gloria, 

riches began to be for honour (an honour), and glory, 

imperium, potentia sequebatur eas : virtus coepit 

authority, power did follow them: virtue began 

hebescere, paupertas haberi probro, 

to languish, poverty to be had (accounted) for a disgrace, 

innocentia duci pro malevolentia:. Igitur ex 

innocence to be deemed for ill-will. Therefore out-of 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 25 

divitiis, luxurla, atqiie avaritia, cum superbia;, 

riches, luxury, and avarice, with pride, 

invasere juventutem. Kapere, consumere, 

invaded the youth. (They began) to plunder, to consume, 

pendere sua parvi, cupere aliena ; 

to esteem their-own (things) of little (value), to desire others; 

habere pudorem, pudicitiam, divina atque bumana 

to have modesty, chastity, divine and human 

promiscua, nihil pensi, neque 

(things) promiscuous (undistinguished), nothing of regard, nor 

moderati. 

of moderation. [They disregarded these things, and acted without re- 

Est pretium operas quum 

straint]. It is a reward of labour (it is worth while), when 

cognoveris domes atque villas 

thou shalt have known (have viewed) houses and villas 

exaedificatas in modum urbium, visere templa 

built-up in the manner of cities, to visit the temples 

deorum, quae nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales, 

of the gods, which our ancestors, most-devout mortals, 

fecere, Yerum illi decorabant delubra deorum 

made. But they did adorn the temples of the gods 

pietate, suas domos gloria- ; neque eripiebant 

with piety, their-own houses with glory; nor did they snatch 

quidquara victis praeter licentiam 

any (thing) from the vanquished, except the privilege of (doing) 

injurise. At hi, contra ignavissimi homines, 

injury. But these, on-the-other-hand, most-indolent men, 

adimere, per summum scelus, omnia ea 

(began) to take-away, through the utmost wickedness, all those 

sociis quae fortissimi viri victore^ 

(things) from (their) allies which the bravest men (when) conquerors 

reliquerunt hostibus, proinde-quasi facere 

left to (their) enemies, just-as-if to do 

injuriam, id esset demum uti imperio. 

an injury, that might be at-length (truly) to use authority. 

Nam quid memorem ea, quae sunt credibilia 

For why may I relate those (things), which are credible 

3 



26 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

nemini, nisi his, qui videre ; montes 

to no-one, unless to those, who have seen (them) ; [that] mountains 

esse subversos, maria constrata a 

[have] to be overturned, seas covered-over (built upon) by 

compluribus privatis ? Quibus divitise videntur 

many private (persons) ? To whom riches appear 

mihi fuisse ludibrio : quippe properabant abuti 

to me to have been for mockery : for they did hasten to abuse 

per turpitudinem, quas licebat habere 

through baseness (the riches), which it was-lawful to have 

honeste. Sed non minor lubido stupri, ganese, 

honourably. But no less a lust oT impurity, debauchery, 

que cseteri cultus, incesserat. Viri 

and [of] other-such habit, had invaded (them). Men (began) 

pati muliebria: mulieres habere 

to suffer (admit) womanish (practices) : women to have 

pudicitiam in propatulo : exquirere omnia 

chastity in common : to search-out all (things) 

terrli que mari, caus^ vescendi, dormire priusquam 

by land and by sea, for-the-sake of feeding, to sleep before-that 

cupido somni esset : non opperiri famem 

inclination of sleep might-be (to them) : not to-wait-for hunger 

aut sitim, neque frigus neque lassitudinem ; sed 

or thirst, neither cold nor lassitude; but 

antecapere omnia ea luxu. Hsec incendebant 

to anticipate all those by luxury. These (things) did inflame 

juventutem ad facinora, ubi familiares opes 

the youth to crimes, when family (private) resources 

defecerant. Animus imbutus mails artibus, 

had failed (them). The mind imbued with bad arts (practices), 

haud facile carebat lubidinibus : eo erat 

not easilv did refrain-from lusts: on-this-account it was 



profusiiis deditus 

the more-lavishly addicted 


quaes tui 

to acquisition 


atque 

and 


sumptui 

expenditure 


omnibus modis. 








in all manners. 









In tanta que tam corrupt^ civitate, Catilina 

In so-great and so corrupted a state, Catiline 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 27 

habebat, (id quod erat facillimum factu), catervas 

did have, (that which was very-easy to-be-done), troops 

omnium flagitiosorum atque facinorosorum 

of all wicked and desperate (fellows) 

circum se, tanquam stipatorum. Nam quicumque 

around himself, as-if body-guards. For whatsoever 

impudicus, adulter, ganeo laceraverat 

unchaste (person), adulterer, debauchee had squandered (his) 

patria bona manu, ventre, pene ; quique 

paternal goods by hand, belly (luxury), lustj whosoever 

conflaverat grande alienum ses, 

had swelliifl-up (contracted) a great other's brass (debt), 

quo redimeret flagitium aut 

by which he might redeem (purchase pardon for) wickedness gr 

facinus ; praeterea omnes undique parricidse, 

crime; besides ail [from everywhere the] parricides, 

sacrilegi convicti judiciis aut timentes 

sacrilegious (wretches) convicted in trials or fearing 

judicium pro factis ; ad-hoc quos 

trial for (their) deeds ,• to-this (moreover) (those) whom 

manus atque lingua alebat perjurio et civili 

(their) hand and tongue did support by perjury and civil 

sanguine ; postremo, omnes quos flagitium, egestas, 

blood; lastly, all whom villany, want, 

conscius animus, exagitabat, hi erant proxumi que 

a guilty mind, did harass, these were the nearest and 

familiares Catilinse. V Quod si quis etiam vacuus 

familiar to Catiline. But if any-one even (yet) freo 

k culpa, inciderat in amicitiam ejus, efficiebatiir 

from fault, had fallen into the friendship of him, he was made 

facile par que similis cseteris quotidiano usu atque 

easily equal and like to the rest by daily habit and 

illecebris. Sed appetebat maxume familiaritates 

allurements. But he sought-after chiefly the intimacies 

adolescentium : animi eorum molles et fluxi setate, 

of young-men: the minds of these soft and frail by age, 

haud difficulter capiebantur dolis. Nam uti 

not diflacaltly were taken (ensnared) by wiles. For as 



28 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 



studium cujusque flagrabat ex aetate, 

the inclination of each did glow from age, (he began) 

praebere scorta aliis, mercari canes atque 

to afford harlots to others (some), to buy bounds and 

equos aliis : postremo, parcere neque sumptui 

horses for others : finally, to spare neither expense 

neque suae modestise, dum faceret 

nor bis-own modesty (character), provided be could make (them) 

obnoxios que fidos sibi. ' Scio nonnullos fuisse, 

subservient and faithful to himself. I know some to have been, 

qui ita existumarent, juventutem, quae 

who thus would think (thought), the youth, which 

frequentabat domum Catilinas, babuisse pudicitiam 

did frequent the house of Catiline, to have-had modesty 

pariim boneste : sed hsec fama valebat magis 

little (not) honourably : but this report did prevail more 

ex aliis rebus, quam quod id foret compertum 

from other things, than that it might be (it was) found-out 

cuiquam. Jamprimum Catilina, adolescens, 

(known) to any-one. First-of-all Catiline, a young-man, 

fecerat multa nefanda stupra cum nobili 

bad done (committed) many abominable impurities with a noble 

virgine, cum sacerdote Vestse, et alia 

virgin, with a priestess of Vesta, and other (things) 

bujuscemodi, contra jus que fas : postremo, 

of this-kind, against human-law and divine-law: lastly, 

captus amore Aureliae Orestillae, cujus bonus 

taken with love of Aurelia Orestilla, of whom a good-man 

iinquam laudavit nihil praeter formam; quod 

ever praised nothing except (her) beauty; because 

ea, timens privignum adulta aetate, dubitabat 

she, fearing a stepson (of) mature age, did hesitate 

nubere illi, creditur pro certo fecisse vacuam 

to marry to him, he is believed for certain to have made an empty 

domum, necato filio, scelestis nuptiis. Quae 

house, [his son being killed], for the wicked nuptials. Which 

res quidem videtur mihi in primis fuisse causa 

thing indeed seems [to me] chiefly to have been the cause 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 29 

facinoris maturandi. Namque 

of the enterprise to-be-hastened (of hastening the conspiracy). For 

impurus animus, infestus diis que homlnibus, 

(his) impure mind, hostile to gods and to men, 

poterat sedari neque vigiliis neque quietibus : 

was able to be allayed neither by watchings nor by rests (rest) : 

conscientia ita vexabat excitam mentem. Igitur 

his conscience so did harass (his) disturbed mind. Therefore 

color ei, exsanguis, oculi foedi, incessus 

complexion (was) to hitn pale, eyes foul, (his) gait 

modo citus, modo tardus: vecordia inerat prorsus 

now quick, now slow : madness was-in throughout 

in facie que vultu. 

in (his) appearance and countenance. [His features indicated fury 

Sed edocebat juventutem mala 

and malignity]. But he did teach the youth wicked 

facinora, quam, ut diximus supr^, illexerat : ex 

crimes, which, as we have said above, he had allured : out-of 

illis commodare falsos testes que 

them (he began) to accommodate (to furnish) false witnesses and 

signatores ; habere fidem, 

signers (forgers) ; [and to instruct them] to have (hold) faith, 

fortunas, pericula vilia. Post, ubi 

fortunes, dangers (as) insignificant. Afterwards, when 

attriverat famam atque pudorem eorum, 

he had worn-away (ruined) the character and shame of them, 

imperabat alia majora. Si caussa peccandi 

he did enjoin other greater (crimes). If an opportunity of sinning 

minus-suppetebat in prgesens, nihilominus 

did-not-offer for the present, nevertheless (he ordered 

circumvenire, jugulare insontes sicuti sontes. 

them) to beset, and to murder the innocent as-if guilty. 

Scilicet, ne manus aut animus torpesceret per 

Forsooth, lest the hand or mind might become-sluggish through 

otium ; erat malus atque crudelis potiiis gratuitd,. 

disuse J he was bad and cruel rather gratuitously 

Catilina confisus his amicis 

(without a purpose). Catiline having relied to (on) these friends 

3* 



30 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

que sociis, simul quod allenum aes 

and companions, at-the-sanae-time because others' brass (debt) 

erat ingens per omnis (omnes) terras ; 

was great through all lands (throughout the 

et quod plerique Sullani milites, 

whole country); and because [the greater part of ] the Syllanian soldiers, 

usi sue largius, memores rapinarum et 

having used their-own too-freely, mindful of rapines and 

veteris victorise, exoptabant civile bellum ; 

and of ancient victory, did eagerly-wish-for civil war; 

cepit consilium reipublicse 

he took design (entered into a design) of the republic 

opprimundae. Nullus exercitus 

to be oppressed (of oppressing the republic). No army (was) 

in Italia ; Cneius Pompeius gerebat bellum in 

in Italy: Cneius Pompey did carry-on war in 

extremis terris : magna spes ipsi petundi 

remotest lands : a great hope (was) to him of seeking 

consulatum ; senatus san^ intentus nihil : 

the consulship; the senate indeed intent (on) nothing: 

omnes res tutne que tranquillse : sed ea 

all things (were) safe and quiet : but those (things) 

prorsus opportuna Catilinse. Igitur circit^r 

(were) altogether favourable to Catiline. Therefore about 

Junias kalendas, Lucio Csesare et Caio 

the Junian kalends (first of June), Lucius Caesar and Caius 

Figulo consulibus, primo appellare 

Figulus (being) consuls, (he began) first to address 

singulos, hortari alios, tentare alios ; 

single (persons individually), to exhort some, to try others; 

docere suas opes, rempublicam 

to teach (to inform them of) his-own resources, [that] the republic 

imparatam, magna praemia conjurationis. 

[was] unprepared, [and] the great rewards of the conspiracy. 

Ubi quae voluit explorata^-sunt satis, 

When (the matters) which he willed were considered sufficiently, 

convocat omnis (omnes) in unum, quibus 

he convokes all into one (place), to-whom 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 31 

inerat maxuma necessitudo et 

there-was-in (who bad) the greatest obligation-of-necessity and 

plurimum audaci^. 

most of boldness. [Who were the most needy and bold]. 

Eo convenere Senatorii ordinlSj Publius 

Hither (there) assembled of the Senatorian order, Publius 

Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius 

Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius 

Longinus, Caius Cethegus, Publius et Servius Sullse, 

Longinus, Caius Cethegus, Publius and Servius Syllse, 

filli Servii, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius, 

sons of Servius, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius, 

Marcus Porcius Loeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius : 

Marcus Porcius Lasca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius : 

prseterea ex equestri ordine, Marcus Fulvius 

moreover of the equestrian order, Marcus Fulvius 

Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito, 

Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito, 

Caius Cornelius ; ad hoc, multi ex coloniis, 

Caius Cornelius; to this (besides), many out-of the colonies, 

et municipiis nobiles domi. 

and municipal (towns) noble (men of distinction) at-home. (There) 

Erant praeterea complures paulo occultius 

■were moreover many somewhat moi-e-secretly 

participes bujusce consilii, quos spes dominationis 

partakers of this design, whom the hope of sway 

liortabatur magis quam inopia aut alia necessitudo. 

did encourage more than want or other obligation. 

Cseterum pleraque juventus, sed maxum^ nobilium. 

But most-of the youth, but chiefly of the nobles, 

favebat inceptis Catilinae. Quibus erat 

did favour to the undertakings of Catiline. To whom (there) was 

copia vivere in otio vel magnified, 

(they who had) the opportunity to live in peace either magnificently, 

vel molliter, malebant incerta. 

or softly (indulgently), they had-rather uncertain (things) 

pro certis, bellum quam pacem. Fuere item 

for certain, war than peace. (There) were likewise 



32 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

ea tempestate, qui crederent Marcum 

in that time (some), who would believe (did believe) Marcus 

Licinium Crassum non fuisse ignarum ejus 

Liciuius Crassus not to have been ignorant of that 

consilii: quia Cnelus Pompeius, invisus sibi, 

design : because Cneius Pompey, odious to him, 

ductabat magnum exercitum ; voluisse 

did often-lead a great armyj to have willed (that he wished) 

opes cujusvis crescere contra potentiam illius: 

the resources of any-one to increase against the power of him : 

simul confisum, si conjuratio valuisset 

at-tbe-same-time having trusted, if the conspiracy might have prevailed 

se fore facile 

(had prevailed), himself to be about-to-be (that he would be) easily 

principem apud illos. 

chief among them. 

Sed antea item pauci conjuravere in quibus 

But before also a few conspired in (amongst) whom 

Catilina : de qua; dicam quam 

(was) Catiline : of which (conspiracy) I shall speak as 

verissume potero. Lucio Tullo, Marco Lepido 

most-truly I-shall-be-able. Lucius Tullus, Marcus Lepidus (being) 

consulibus, Publius Autronius, et Publius Sylla, 

consuls, Publius Autronius, and Publius Sylla, 

consules designati interrogati legibus 

the consuls intended (elect) having been-questioned (tried) by the laws 

ambitus, dederant poenas. Paulo-post 

of bribery, had given (suflFered) punishments. A little-after 

Catilina reus pecuniarum repetundarum 

Catiline guilty (accused) of moneys to be re-demanded (of extor- 

erat-probibitus petere consulatum ; quod 

tion) was prevented to seek the consulate; because 

nequiverit profiteri intra 

he had not-been-able to declare (enter his name as candidate) within 

legitimes dies. Erat eodem tempore nobilis 

the legitimate days. (There) was at-the-same time a noble 

adolescens, Cneius Piso, summse audacise, egens, 

young-man, Cneius Piso, of the utmost boldness, needing. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 33 

factiosus, quern inopia atqiie mali mores 

factions, whom want and bad morals (principles) 

stimulabant ad rempublicam perturbandam. 

did stimulate to the republic to-be-disturbed (to disturb the 

Consilio communicato, cum 

republic). (Their) design having been imparted (to each other), with 

hoc, Catilina et Autronius, circiter nonas 

this (3'outh), Catiline and Autronius, about the nones (the fifth) 

Decembris, parabant interficere Lucium Cottam et 

of December, did prepare to kill Lucius Cotta, and 

Lucium Torquatum, consules, in capitolio, kalendis 

Lucius Torquatus, the consuls, in the capitol, on the kalends 

Januarii ; ipsi, fascibus correptis, 

(the first) of January; themselves, the fasces having been seized 

mittere Pisonem cum exercitu ad 

(by them), (prepared) to send Piso with an army to 

duas Hispanias obtinendas. 

the two Spains to-be-possessed (to take possession of the two 

Ea re cognita, rursus transtulerunt 

Spains). That thing having been known, again they transferred 

consilium ceedis in nonas 

(deferred) (their) design of murder to the nones (the fifth) 

Februarii. Jam, tum machinabantur perniciem 

of February. Now, at-that-time they did plan destruction 

non modo consulibus, sed plerisque senatoribus. 

not only for the consuls, but most-of the senators. 

Quod, pessimum f acinus foret patratum eo die 

But, the worst act would be committed on that day 

post urbem Romam conditam, 

since the city Rome having been built, [foundation of the city], 

ni Catilina maturasset 

unless Catiline might have hastened (had not Catiline been too hasty) 

dare signum sociis pro curia. Quia 

to give the signal to (his) companions before the senate-house. Because 

armati nondum-convenerant frequentes, 

armed (men) had-not-as-yet assembled numerous (in numbers), 

ea res diremit consilium. Postea Piso XJA 

that thing broke-ofi" (their) design. Afterwards Piso 



34 SALLUSTII ^ATILINA. 

missus-est qusestor pro Pr^tore 

was sent (as) treasurer for Pietor (with the authority of Pretor) 

in citeriorem Hispaniam, Crasso adnitente ; 

to hither Spain, Crassus exerting (using his in- 

quod cognoverat eum infestum Cneio 

terest) ; because he had known him hostile to Cneius 

Pompeio : tamen, senatus neque invitus dederat 

Pompej : however, the senate neither reluctant had given 

provinciam : quippe 

the province: [the senate willingly gave him the province] : for 

volebat foedum hominem abesse procul 

it (they) did will a disgraceful man to be-absent at-a-distance 

a republica : simul quia complures boni 

from the republic : at-the-same-time because many good (men) 

putabant prsesidium in eo, et jam-turn potentia 

did suppose a protection (to be) in him, and even-then the power 

Cneii Pompeii erat formidolosa. Sed is Piso, faciens 

of Cneius Pompey was formidable. But that Piso, making 

iter in provinciam occisus-est ab 

a journey (on his march) into the province was-killed by 

Hispanis equitibus, quos ductabat in exercitu. 

Sjjanish cavalry, whom he did lead-often in (his) army. 

Sunt qui ita-dicant 

[That he had in his army]. (There) are (those) who thus may say 

barbaros nequivisse 

(who say) [that] the barbarians to have been-unable [were unable] 

pati injusta, superba, crudelia imperia. 

to endure the unjust (unreasonable), proud, cruel orders 

ejus : autem alii illos equites, veteres que 

of him : but others (say that) those horsemen, old and 

fidos clientes Cneii Pompeii, aggressos 

faithful dependants of Cneius Pompey, having attacked (attacked) 

Pisonem voluntate ejus : prgeterea Hispanos 

Piso by the will of him (Pompey) : moreover the Spaniards 

nunquam fccisse tale facinus, sed antea 

never to have done (did) such a crime, but before-this 

perpessos multa sseva imperia. Nos relinquimus 

having endured many harsh commands. We leave 



SALLUSTn CATILINA. 



35 



earn 

that 



rem 

thing 



medio Dictum 

the middle (undetermined). (It has been) said 

satis cle superiori 

sufficiently (sufficient has been said) concerning the former 

conjuratione. 

conspiracy. 



Catilina, ubi videt 



ante. 



„, v.^x ,.^^^ eos, quos memoravi 

Catiline, when he sees those, -whom I have mentioned before, 

convenisse, tametsi s?spe-egerat multa 

to have assembled, although he had-often-transacted many (things) 

cum singulis, tamen credens fore in 

with each (of them), yet believing to-be-about-to-be to 

appellare et cohortari 

and encourage 

abditam 

a secret 

arbitris amotis 

■witnesses removed 



partem 

part 



rem 

the thing (purpose) to address 

secessit in 

(collectively), retired into 

atque, omnibus 

(house) ; and, all 

habuit ibi orationem hujuscemodi 

had (delivered) there a speech of-this-kind : 

Ni vestra virtus que fides foret 



universes 

all 

sedium ; 

of the houses 

procul, 

at-a-distance, 



satis 



Unless your 



faith might be (were) sufficiently 



opportuna 

favourable 



res 

thin 2: 



[the] 

in 

in 



magna 

great 

manibus 



spes 

hope 



valour and 

spectata mihi, 

beheld (tried) to (by) me, (this) 

cecidisset nequicquam : 

■would have happened to-no-purpose : 

dominationis fuisset frustra 

of ascendency would have been in-vain 

neque captarem incerta 

neither would I grasp-at uncertain (things) 

per ignaviam aut vana ingenia. Sed 

through indolence or fickle dispositions. But 

cognovi vos fortes que fidos mihi, multis et 

I have experienced you brave and faithful to me, on many and 

magnis tempestatibus ; eo animus ausus-est 

great occasions; on-that-account (my) mind has dared 



(your) 

pro 

instead-of 



hands : 

certis, 

certain, 

quia 

because 



incipere maxumum 

to begin (undertake) the greatest 



atque 

and 



pulcherrumum 

most-gloriou3 



36 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

facinus ; simul quia intellexi eadem 

enterprise; at-the-same-time because I perceived the same (things) 

esse bona que mala vobis, quge mihi. Nam, 

to be good and bad to you, which (are so) to me. For, 

velle idem, atque nolle idem, ea est demum 

to will the same, and not-to-will the same, this is finally 

firma amicitia. Sed omnes jam-antea diversi 

firm friendship. But (you) all already diflferent 

audistis, quae ego agitavi 

(separately) have heard (the things) which I have agitated in (my) 

mente. Cseteriim animus accenditur magis in dies, 

mind. But (my) mind is inflamed more on days 

ciim considero quae sit futura conditio 

(daily), when I consider what may be the future conditioa 

vitae, nisi vindicamus nosmetipsos 

of (our) life, unless we vindicate ourselves (assert our rights) 

in libertatem. Nam, postquam respublica concessit 

to liberty. For, after the republic yielded 

in jus atque ditionem paucorum potentium, 

into the rule and authority of a few powerful (persons), 

reges, tetrarcbje esse semper vectigales illis : 

kings, [and] tetrarchs (began) to be always tributary to them : 

populi, nationes pendere stipendia : 

peoples (people), [and] nations to pay taxes [to them] : (we) 

omnes cseteri strenui, boni, nobiles atque ignobiles 

all the rest strenuous, good, noble and ignoble 

fuimus viilgus, sine gratia, sine auctoritate, 

have been a rabble, without favour (interest), without authority, 

obnoxii bis quibus, si respublica valeret, 

subservient to those to whom, if the republic might prevail 

essemus formidini. Itaque omnis gratia, 

(prevailed), we should be for a terror. Therefore all interest, 

potentia, bonos, divitise sunt apud illos, aut ubi 

power, honour, riches are at (with) them, or where 

volunt : reliquerunt nobis pericula, repulsas, judicia, 

they will: they have left to us dangers, repulses, trials, 

egestatem. Quae quousque-tandem, fortissimi 

■want. Which (things) how-long, bravest 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 37 

viri, patiemini? Nonne-praestat emori per 

men, will ye endure ? Is-it-not-better to die by 

virtutem, quam amittere miseram atque inhonestam 

valour, than to lose a wretched and dishonourable 

vitam per dedecus, ubi fueris 

life by disgrace, when thou mayest have been (hast been) 

ludibrio aliense superbias ? Verum 

for a laughing-stock to strange (another's) pride? But 

enimvero, prO fidem deum atque hominum, victoria 

truly, faith of gods and of men, victory 

est nobis in manu ; setas viget, 

is to us in hand, [in our possession] ; (our) age flourishes, (our) 

animus valet : contra omnia consenuerunt 

mind prevails: on-the-other-hand all (things) have-grown-old 

illis annis atque divitiis. Est opus tantummodo 

to them in years and riches. (There) is need only 

incepto, res expediet csetera. 

for a beginning, thing (the matter itself) will prepare the rest. 

Etenim quis mortalium, cui est virile 

For who of mortals, to whom (there) is a manly 

ingenium, potest tolerare divitias superare illis, 

disposition, can endure riches to abound to them, 

quas profundunt in exstruendo 

[them to abound in riches], which they squander in building 

mari, et montibus cosequandis, 

(narrowing) the sea, and mountains to-be-levelled (in levelling moun- 

familiarem rem deesse nobis etiam 

tains), private thing (property) to-be-wanting to us even 

ad necessaria. 

to (for) necessary (matters). [While we want the necessaries of life]. 

Illos continuare binas domes aut 

(Who can endure) those to extend two (united) houses or 

amplius : ullum familiarem larem 

more [in one] : any private household-god (abode) 

nusquam nobis ? 

no-where to-us ? [While we have no where a home of our own]. 

Cum emunt tabulas, signa, toreumata diruunt 

When they buy pictures, statues, chased-vessels (plate), pull-down 

4 



38 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

nova, aedificant alia : postremo, trahunt, 

new (buildings), build others : finally, draw (consume), 

vexant pecuniam omnibus modis ; tamen 

torture money [squander money] in all manners; yet 

nequeunt vincere suas divitias summa lubidine. 

are-unable to exceed their riches by the utmost extravagance 

At inopia est nobis domi, alienum-ses 

(of expenditure). But want is to-us at-home, debt 

foris, res mala, spes multo asperior. 

abroad, thing (our situation) bad, hope by-much rougher (worse). 

Denique, quid reliqui habemus 

Finally, what of remaining have-we (what have we left) 

prgeter miseram animam? Quin igitur 

except a wretched life ? But therefore 

expergiscimini ? En ! ilia, ilia libertas, quam 

do ye awake ? Lo ! that, that liberty, which 

optastis s^pe ; pr£eterea divitiae, decus, gloria, 

you have wished-for often; besides riches, honour, glory, 

sita-sunt in oculis : fortuna posuit omnia ea 

are-placed in eyes (view) : fortune has placed all those (as) 

prsemia victoribus. Res, tempus, 

rewards to the conquerors. The thing (circumstance), time, 

pericula, egestas, magnifica spolia belli hortentur 

dangers, want, the magnificent spoils of war may exhort 

vos magis quam mea oratio. Utemini me vel 

you more than my speech. Ye shall use me either (as) 

imperatore vel milite : neque animus neque 

general or (fellow) soldier: neither (my) mind nor 

corpus aberit a vobis. Consul agam, ut 

body shall be-absent from you. (As) consul I shall-do, as 

spero, heec ipsa una vobiscum : nisi fort^ 

I hope, those very (things) together with you : unless by chance 

animus fallit me, et vos parati-estis 

(my) mind deceive me, and you have been prepared (disposed) 

servire magis quam imperare. 

to serve rather thaa to command. 

Postquam homines accepere ea. 

After the men received (heard) those (things), 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 39 

qiiibiis omnia mala erant abunde, sed neque res 

to whom all evils were abundantly, but neither thing 

neque ulla bona spes : tametsi videbatur, 

(property) nor any good hope : although it did seem 

illis magna merces movere quieta ; tamen 

to them a great reward to move quiet (things); notwithstanding 

plerique postulare uti proponeret, qujB 

many (began) to require that he would propose, what 

foret conditio belli : quae prsemia peterent 

would be the condition of war : what rewards they might seek 

armis : quid que ubi opis aut spei haberent. 

by arms : what and where of resource or of hope they might have. 

Turn Catilina polliceri novas tabulas 

Then Catiline (began) to promise new tablets (a remission of 

proscriptionem locupletium, magistratus, 

debts), a proscription of the wealthy, magistrates, 

sacerdotia, rapinas, omnia alia quae bellum 

priesthoods, rapines, all other (things) which war 

atque lubido victorum fert : prseterea, 

and [the] lust of conquerors bears (brings) : moreover, 

Pisonem esse in citeriore Hispania, Publium 

[that] Piso to be (was) in hither Spain, Publius 

Sittium Nucerinum cum exercitu in Mauritania, 

Sittius Nucerinus with an army in Mauritania, 

participes sui consilii : Caium Antonium 

partakers of his design : [that] Caius Antony 

petere consulatum, quem speraret 

to seek [sought] the consulship, whom he would hope (he hoped) 

fore collegam sibi, hominem et 

to-be-about-to-be [would be a] colleague to himself, a man and 

familiarem et circumventum omnibus 

(both) familiar and beset by all 

necessitudinibus : 

obligations : [his familiar acquaintance, and under many obligations to 

se consulem facturum 

him] : himself (Catiline) consul about-to-make (would make) 

initium agendi cum eo. Ad-hoc increpabat 

a beginning of acting with him. Besides be did revile 



40 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

maledictis omnes bonos : nominans 

[with imprecations] all good (men) : naming 

unumquemque suorum, laudare, admonere 

each of his own, (he began) to praise (him), to remind 

alium egestatis, alium suge cupiditatis, 

one of (his) poverty, another of his desire, 

complures periculi aut ignominise, multos Siillanse 

many of danger or disgrace, many of the Syllanian 

victorise, quibus ea fuerat prsedae. Postquam 

of victory, to whom that had been for booty. After 

videt animos omnium alacris (alacres) ; cobortatus, 

he sees the minds of all cheerful; having exhorted 

ut baberent suam petitionem 

(them), that they would have his petition (canvass) 

curse, 

for a concern, [that they would exert themselves in his canvass for the con- 

dimisit conventum. Fuere ea tempestate, 

fculship], he dismissed the assembly. There have been at that time, 

qui dicerent Catilinam, oratione 

(those) who might say (said) [that] Catiline, the speech 

habita, circumtulisse in pateris 

having been delivered, to have carried-about [carried about] in goblets 

sanguinem humani corporis, permixtum vino cum 

the blood of a human body, [mingled with wine] when 

adigeret populares sui sceleris ad 

be would force the accomplices of his wickedness to 

jusjurandum ; inde cum omnes degustavissent 

an oath; then when all might have tasted (had tasted) 

post exsecrationem, sicuti consuevit fieri in 

after the execration (oath), as has been-wont to be done in 

solemnibus sacris, aperuisse suum consilium; 

solemn sacred-rites, to have disclosed [his] design; 

atque dictitare fecisse 

and to say-frequently [that they frequently said] to have done 

eo, quo forent mag is 

(that he did it) for-this-purpose, in-order-that they might be more 

fidi inter se, conscii alius alii tanti 

faithful among themselves, (being) conscious one to another of so-great 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 41 

facinoris. Nonnulli existumabant et haec, 

a crime. Some did ttiink and (both) these (things), 

et multa prseterea ficta ab iis, qui credebant 

and many besides feigned by those, -who did believe 

invidiam Ciceronis, quae postea 

the envy (hatred) of (against) Cicero, which afterwards 

orta-est, leniri atrocitate sceleris eorura, 

arose, to be assuaged by the heinousness of the wickedness of those, 

qui dederant poenas. Ea res comperta-est 

who had given (suffered) punishments. That thing has been found-out 

nobis parum pro 

[to us] little (insufficiently) for (in proportion to) (its) 

magnitudine. 

greatness. [The proof seems not to us sufficient to decide in so weighty 

Sed Quintus Curius fuit in ea; 

an accusation]. But Quintus Curius was in that 

conjuratione, natus baud obscuro loco, 

conspiracy, born not in obscure place (honourably de- 

coopertus flagitiis atque facinoribus; quern 

scended), overwhelmed with villanies and crimes ; whom 

censores amoverant senatu gratia, probri. 

the censors had expelled from the senate on-account of disgrace. 

Non minor vanitas quam audacia 

No less vanity [and indiscretion] than boldness 

inerat huic homini : neque reticere 

was-in [appertained] to this man : [nor] to keep-secret 

quae ipse audierat, neque 

[could he keep secret] what (things) he had heard, nor 

occultare suamet scelera ; prorsus 

to conceal [nor could he conceal] his-own crimes; [nor in-short 

habebat quicquam pensi neque dicere neque facere. 

had-he any care neither to say nor to do.] 

Yetus consuetudo 

[In short he cared not what be said or did]. An old habit 

stupri erat ei cum Fulvia, nobili muliere, cui 

of intrigue was to him with Fulvia, a noble woman, to whom 

ciim esset minus gratus, quod miniis-poterat 

when he might be (he was) less agreeable, because he-was-less-ablo 

4 * 



42 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

largiri inopla, repente glorians, polliceri 

to bestow from poverty, suddenly boasting, (he began) to pronaise 

maria que montes, interdum 

seas and mountains, (to make great promises), sometimes 

minari ferro ni foret obnoxia 

to threaten with iron (the sword), unless she would-be compliant 

sibi : postremo, agitare ferocius quam solitus-erat. 

to him : in-fino, to-act more-rudely than he had becn-wont. 

At Fulvia, causa insolentige Curii cognita, 

But Fulria, the cause of the rudeness of Curius having been known, 

habuit non occultum tale periculum reipublicae : sed 

kept not secret such danger to the republic : but 

auctore sublato, narravit compluribus quae, 

the author having been suppressed, related to many what, 

quo modo, audierat de conjuratione 

(and) in what manner, she had heard of the conspiracy 

Catilinae. Ea res imprimis accendit studia 

of Catiline. That thing chiefly kindled the zeals (zeal) 

hominum ad consulatum mandandum Marco Tullio 

of men to the consulship to-be-committed to Marcus Tullius 

Ciceroni. Namque antea 

Cicero. [To elect Cicero to the consulship]. For before 

pleraque nobilitas aestuabat invidia, et credebat 

most- of the nobility did boil with envy, and did believe 

consulatum quasi pollui, si novus homo 

the consulship as-if to be defiled, if a new man (a person not 

adeptus-foret eum. Sed ubi periculum 

noble) should have obtained it. But when danger 

advenit, invidia atque superbia post-fuere. 

approached, envy and pride were postponed (of secondary 

Igitur comitiis habitis, Marcus 

consideration). Therefore elections having-been-held, Marcus 

Tullius et Caius Antonius declarantur consules. 

Tullius and Caius Antony are declared consuls. 

Quod factum primo concusserat populares 

"Which deed first hud shaken the accomplices 

conjnrationis. Tamen furor Catillnae neque 

of the conspiracy. However the rage of Catiline neither 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 43 

minuebatur ; sed agltare plura in-dies ; 

was diminished; but (he began) to agitate more (things) every-day; 

parare arma opportunis locis per Italiam ; 

to prepare arms inconvenient places through Italy; 

portare mutuam pecuniam sumptam sua aut 

to convey borrowed money taken on bis-own or 

fide amicorum, Fsesulas, ad quemdam Manlium ; 

the credit of friends, to Faesulae, to a certain Manlius; 

qui postea fuit princeps belli faciundi. 

who afterwards was chief of the war to-be-made (of making 

Dicitur ea tempestate adscivisse plurimos 

war). He is said at that time to have attached very-many 

homines cujuscunque generis sibi ; etiam aliquot 

men of every kind to himself; also some 

mulieres, qu93 primo toleraverant ingentis (ingentes) 

women, who first had supported great 

sumptus stupro corporis ; post ubi aetas fecerat 

expenses by prostitution of body; afterwards when age had made 

modum tantummodo quaestui, neque luxurice, 

a bound only to gain, and-not to luxury, 

conflaverant grande alienum-ges. Catilina 

they had contracted a great debt. Catiline 

credebat se posse , per eas solicitare urbana 

did believe himself to be able through these to stir-up city 

servitia incendere urbem, vel adjungere 

slaveries (slaves) to burn the city, or to attach [them] 

sibi, vel interficere viros earum. Sed in his 

to him, or to murder the husbands of them. But among these 

erat Sempronia, quae saepe commiserat multa facinora 

was Sempronia, who often had committed many acts 

virilis audaciae. Haec mulier fuit satis fortunata 

of manly boldness. This woman was suflBciently happy 

genere atque forma;, praeterea viro et liberis : 

in lineage and beauty, moreover in a husband and children : 

docta Graecis et Latinis Uteris : psallere, 

learned in Greek and Latin letters (literature) : to sing, 

saltare elegantiiis quam est 

vo dance [she could sing and dance] more-gracefully than is 



44 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

necesse probse : multa ilia quae 

necessary for a chaste (lady) : (she knew) many other (things) which 

sunt instrumenta luxuriae : sed omnia 

are instruments of luxury : but all (things) (were) 

semper cariora ei quam fuit decus atque pudicitia. 

always dearer to her than was honour and chastity. 

Discerneres hand facile an parceret miniis 

Thou couldst determine not easily whether she would spare less 

pecuniae an famse ; sic accensa lubidine ut 

to money or character; so inflamed with lust that 

peteret viros ssepius quam peteretur. 

she would seek men oftener than she would be sought (by them). 

Sed ea saepe antehac prodiderat fidem, abjuraverat 

But she often before-this had betrayed faith, had forsworn 

creditum, fuerat conscia caedis, abierat 

credit (trust), had been guilty of murder, had gone 

praeceps luxuria atque inopia. Yerum 

headlong [into ruin] by luxury and by want. But 

ingeniam ejus baud absurdum : 

the understanding of her (was) not foolish (despicable) : 

posse facere versus, movere jocum ; 

to be-able [she could] to make verses, to move (excite) jest; 

uti vel modesto, vel molli, vel procaci sermone. 

to use either modest, or delicate, or wanton discourse. 

Prorsus, multae facetiae que multus lepos inerat 

Altogether, many pleasantries and much wit was-in 

His rebus comparatis, Catilina nihilominus 

(her). Those things having been provided, Catiline nevertheless 

petebat consulatum in proxumum annum ; sperans, 

did seek the consulship for the next year; hoping, 

si foret designatus, se usurum facile 

if he might be elected, [that] himself about-to-use easily 

Antonio ex voluntate. 

(would easily manage) Antony according-to (his) will. 

Neque interea erat quietus, sed parabat insidias 

Neitlier mean-time was-he quiet, but did prepare snares 

Ciceroni omnibus modis. Tamen, dolus aut astutiae 

for Cicero in all manners. However, craft or wiles 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 45 

neque-deerant illi^ ad-cavendum. Nam que a 

were-not-wanting to him to-beware. For from 

principlo sui consulatus, effecerat, polllcendo 

the beginning of his consulship, he had effected, by promising 

multa per Fulviam, ut Quintus Curius, de 

many (things) through Fulvia, that Quintus Curius, of 

quo memoravi paulo ante, proderet consilia 

whom I have recorded (spoken) a little before, might betray the designs 

Catilinse sibi. Ad-hoc perpulerat suum collegam 

of Catiline to him. Besides he had forced his colleague 

Antonium pactione provincise, 

Antony by the agreement (promise) of a province, 

ne-sentiret contra rempublicam : 

that he VFOuld not-feel (entertain ill-will) against the republic: 

habebat occulte praesidia amicorum atque clientium 

he did have secretly guards of friends and dependants 

circum se. Postquam dies comitiorum venit, et 

about himself. When the day of elections came, and 

neque petitio Catillnae, neque insidine quas fecerat 

neither the suit of Catiline, nor the snares which he had made 

consul! cessere prospere, constituit facere bellum 

for the consul resulted favourably, he resolved to make war 

et experiri omnia extrema, quoniam, quae 

and to try all extreme (things), since, what (things) 

tentaverat occulte, evenerant aspera que foeda. 

he had tried secretly, had happened rough and disgraceful. 

Igitur dimisit Caium Manlium Faesulas, 

iV\^ Therefore he dismissed (sent) Caius Manlius (to) Faesulae, 

atque in earn partem Etrurise, quemdam Septimium, 

and to that part of Etruria, a certain Septimius, 

Camertem in Picenum agrum, Caium Julium in 

a Camertian to the Picene land, Caius Julius to 

Apuliam, pr^terea alium alio, quem que ubi 

Apulia, moreover another to-another-place, whom and where 

credebat fore opportunum sibi. Interea 

he did believe to-be-about-to-be suitable to himself. Mean-time 

moliri multa Romse simul : 

(he began) to contrive many (things) at Kome at-the-same-time : 



46 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

tendere insidias consul! ; parare incendia ; 

to lay snares for the consul; to prepare burnings; 

obsidere opportuna loca armatis hominibus : 

to block-up convenient places with armed men : 

ipse esse cum telo, item jubere alios, 

himself to be -•with a weapon, also to order others, [he himself was 

bortari uti essent 

armed, and ordered others to be so], to exhort that they might be 

semper intenti que parati ; festinare dies que 

ahvays intent and prepared; to hasten days and 

noctes ; vigilare ; 

nights; [he was actively employed day and night]; to watch; 

fatigari neque insomniis (pi.) neque labore. 

to be fatigued neither by-want-of-sleep nor by labour. 

Postremo, ubi nihil procedit agitanti multa, 

Finally, when nothing succeeds [with him] projecting many 

rursus convocat principes conjurationis 

(things), again he assembles the chiefs of the conspiracy 

intempesta nocte, per Marcum Porcium LjBcam, 

in untimely night, through Marcus Porcius Laeca, 

que ibi questus multa de ignavia eorum, 

and there having complained many (much) of the indolence of them, 

docet se prsemisisse Manlium 

he informs (them) himself to-have-sent-before (despatched) Manlius 

ad earn multitudinem, quam paraverat ad arma 

to that multitude, which he had prepared to arms 

capiunda ; item alios in alia opportuna 

to-be-taken (to take arms) ; also others to other convenient 

loca, qui facerent initium belli; que se 

places, who might make (to make) a beginning of war; and himself 

cupere proficisci ad exercitum, si 

to desire [that he desired] to-set-out to the army, if he might 

oppressisset Ciceronem prius : eum 

have (had) destroyed Cicero before: him (Cicero) 

ofRcere multum suis consiliis. 

to obstruct much to his designs. [If he could destroy Cicero before 

Igitur, 
he departed, as Cicero obstructed him much in his designs]. Therefore, 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 47 

c^eteris perterritis ac dubitantibus, Caius 

the rest having been affrighted and hesitating, Caius 

Cornelius, Romanus eques, pollicitus suam operam, 

Cornelius, a Roman knight, having promised [his] assistance, 

et cum eo Lucius Vargunteius, senator, 

and with him Lucius Vargunteius, a senator, [they] 

constituere ea, nocte paulo post, introire cum 

appointed on that night a little after, to go-in with 

armatis bominibus ad Ciceronem, sicuti salutatirm, 

armed men to Cicero, as [if] to salute 

et confodere de-improviso imparatum, 

[him], and to stab on-a-sudden (him) unprepared, 

su9e domi. Curius, ubi intelligit quantum 

at his-own house. Curius, when he understands how-great 

periculum impendeat consuli, propere enunciat 

danger may depend (impends) to the consul, hastily declares 

Ciceroni per Fulviam, dolum qui parabatur. Ita 

to Cicero through Fulvia, the plot which was prepared. Thus 

illi probibiti janua, susceperant tantum 

they having been prohibited from the gate, had-undertaken so-great 

facinus frustra. ^ Interea Manlius solicitare 

a crime in-vain. Mean-time Manlius (began) to solicit 

plebem in Etruria;, cupidam 

(excite to insurrection) the commonalty in Etruria, desirous 

novarum rerum simul egestate, ac 

of new things (a revolution) at-the-same-time from want, and 

dolore injuriae: quod amiserat 

resentment of injury : because (the common people) had lost (their) 

agros que omnia bona dominatione Sullae; 

lands and all (their) goods by the usurpation of Sylla; 

prgeterea latrones cujuscunque generis, quorum 

moreover robbers of every kind, of whom 

magna copia erat in ea regione, nonnullos 

a great plenty (number) was in that region, [also] some 

ex Sullanis colonis, quibus lubido atque luxuria 

of the Syllanian colonists, to whom lust and luxury 

fecerant nihil reliqui ex magnis rapinis. 

made nothing remaining (left nothing) out-of great plunders. 



48 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

Cum ea nunclarentur Ciceroni, permotus 

When those (things) might be (were) told to Cicero, much-disturbed 

ancipiti malo, quod neque-poterat longius tueri 

by the double evil, because he was-not-able longer to protect 

Uibem ab insidiis privato consilio, 

the city from stratagems by private contrivance, [vigilance], 

neque habebat satis compertum quantus exercitus 

neither had he sufficiently found-out how-great the army 

Manlii foret, aut quo consilio ; 

of Manlius might-lae (was), or with what design ; [what was its de- 

refert rem ad senatum, exagitatam 

sign] ; he refers the matter to the senate, harassed (canvassed) 

jam antea rumoribus vulgi. Itaque senatus 

even before by the rumours of the mob. Therefore the senate 

decrevit quod solet plerumque in atroci negotio, 

decreed what is-wont generally in [an atrocious] business, 

consules darent operam, 

[in a dangerous emergency], (that) the consuls should give exertion, 

ne respublica caperet quid detrimenti. Ea 

lest the republic should take any of injury. That 

maxuma potestas permittitur magistratui 

very -great power is allowed to a (supreme) magistrate 

per seuatum, Romano more, parare exercitum, 

by the senate, by Roman custom, to prepare an army, 

gerere bellum, coercere socios atque cives omnibus 

to carry-on war, to coerce allies and citizens in all 

modis : habere suramum imperium atque judicium 

manners : to have the chief government and judgment 

domi que militias. Alitor jus earum 

(civil rule) at-home and abroad. Otherwise privilege of those 

rerum est nulli consuli sine jussu populi. 

things is to no consul without command of the people. 

Post paucos dies, Lucius Senius, senator, recitabat 

After a few days, Lucius Senius, a senator, did read-aloud 

in senatu literas quas dicebat 

in the senate letters (a letter), which he did say (to have been) 

allatas sibi Faesulis, in quibus erat scriptum, 

brought to him from Faesulae, in which was written, [that] 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 49 

Caium Manlium cepisse arma cum magna 

Caius Manlius to have taken [had taken] arms with a great 

multitudine ante sextam diem kalendarum 

multitude before the sixth day of the calends 

Novembris. Simul id quod solet 

of November (27th October). At-the-same-time that which is-usual 

in tali re, alii nunciabant portenta atque 

in such thing (a case), some did announce omens and 

prodigia; alii conventus fieri, arma portari, 

prodigies; others assemblies to be made (held), arms to be conveyed, 

servile bellum moveri Capuge atque in Apulia. 

a servile war to be excited at Capua and in Apulia. 

Igitur decreto senati, missi Quintus Marcius 

Therefore by a decree of the senate, were sent Quintus Marcius 

Rex Fsesulas ; Q. Metellus Creticus in Apuliam 

Eex to Faesulae; Quintius Metellus Creticus into Apulia 

que ea loca circum. Hi utrique erant imperatores 

and those places around. These both were generals 

ad urbem ; impediti ne triumpharent calumni^ 

to (near) the city; prevented lest they might triumph by the calumny 

paucorum, 

of a few, [both these were generals, without the walls of the city, pre- 

quibus 

vented by the calumnies of a few, from having their triumph], to whom 

mos erat vendere omnia, honesta atque 

custom was to sell all (things), honourable and 

inhonesta. Sed prsetores Quintus Pompeius 

dishonourable. But the pretors (were sent) Quintus Pompeius 

Rufus Capuam, Quintus Metellus Celer in Picenum 

Rufus to Capua, Quintus Metellus Celer to the Picene 

agrum : que permissum his, uti compararent 

land: and (it was) allowed to these, that they might levy 

exercitum pro tempore atque periculo. Ad-hoc 

an army according-to time and danger. Besides 

si quis indicasset de 

(they decreed) if any-one should have informed (had informed) of 

conjuratione quae facta-erat contra rempublicam, 

the conspiracy which was made against the republic, 

5 



50 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

praemium, libertatem servo, et H. S. C. 

a reward, (viz.) freedom to a slave, and a hundred-thousand 

(centum sestertia) ; libero impunitatem ejus ' rei 

sesterces; to a free-man impunity of that thing 

et H. S. C. C. (ducenta sestertia) ; que item 

and two-hundred-thousand sesterces; and also 

decrevere, uti gladiatorise familise distribuerentur 

they decreed, that the gladiator families should be distributed 



Capuam, et in 

to Capua, and into 


coetera municipia, 

other municipal-towns, 


pro 

according-to 


opibus 

the resources (strength) 


cujusque ; vigilias 

of each; watches 


haberentur 

should be kept 


per totam 


urbem Romse, que 


minores 


throughout the whole 


city of Rome, and 


the inferior 



magistratus prseessent eis. Quibus rebus civitas 

magistrates should preside-over them. By which things the state 

erat permota atque facies urbis immutata : 

was disturbed and the appearance of the city changed : 

tristitia repent^ invasit omnis (omnes) ex summa 

sadness suddenly invaded all after the utmost 

Igetitia atque lascivia, quse diuturna quies 

rejoicing and sportiveness, which a long peace 

pepererat. Festinare, trepidare, neque 

had produced. (They began) to hasten, to tremble, neither 

satis credere cuiquam loco neque homini : neque 

sufficiently to trust to any place nor man : neither 

gerere bellum, neque habere pacem : quisque 

to carry-on war, nor to have peace : every-one 

metiri pericula suo metu. Ad-hoc mulieres, 

to measure dangers by his-own fear. Besides the women, 

quibus pro magnitudine reipublicse insolitus timer 

to whom [for the greatness of the republic] an unusual fear 

belli incesserat, afflictare sese ; tendere 

of war had attacked, (began) to afflict themselves; to stretch 

supplices manus ad caelum ; misereri parvos 

suppliant hands to heaven ; to compassionate (their) little 

liberos ; rogitare ; pavere omnia, superbi^ 

children: to ask-frequently ; to dread all (things), pride 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 61 

atque deliciis omissis, diffidere sibi que 

and refinements being left-aside, to distrust for themselves and 

patriae. At crudelis animus 

country. [They distrusted every thing]. But the cruel mind 

Catilinse movebat ilia eadem, tametsi prsesidia 

of Catiline did project those same (things), although guards 

parabantur, et ipse interrogatus-erat ab Lucio 

were prepared, and himself had been impeached by Lucius 

Paulus Plautia lege : postremo, venit in senatum, 

Paulus (on) the Plautian law : lastly, he came into the senate, 

causa dissimulandi, et quasi sui 

by cause (for the sake) of dissembling, and as-it-were of-himself 

expurgandi ; sicuti lacessitus-foret 

to be-cleared (clearing himself) ; as-though he might be provoked (was pro- 

jurgio. Turn Marcus Tullius consul, sive timens 

yoked) by defamation. Then Marcus Tullius the consul, either fearing 

prsesentiam ejus sive commotus ira, habuit 

the presence of him or being excited by anger, had (delivered) 

orationem luculentam atque utilem reipublicae, quam 

a speech brilliant and useful to the republic, which 

postea edidit scriptam. Sed ubi ille assedit, 

afterwards he published written. But when he sat-down, 

Catilina, ut paratus-erat ad omnia dissimulanda 

Catiline, as he had been prepared for all (things) to-be-dissemblcd 

demisso vultu que 

(to dissemble all things) (began) with down-cast countenance and 

supplici voce postulare a Patribus 

suppliant voice to request from the Fathers (senate) (that) 

ne-crederent temere quid de se ; 

they might not believe rashly any (thing) concerning him ; 

ortum ea familia, ita instituisse 

(being) sprung from that (such) family, so to have regulated (his) 

vitam ab adolescentia, ut haberet omnia bona 

life from adolescence, that he might have all good 

in spe : ne-existumarent opus esse sibi, 

(things) in hope: they should not-think need to be to him, 

patricio homini, beneficia cujus ipsius atque 

a patrician man, the favours of whom self and (his) 



62 SALLTJSTII CATILINA. 

majorum essent plurima in Romanam 

ancestors. might be (were) very-many toward the Roman 

plebem, republic^ perdita; ; 

commons, (of) the republic destroyed (of destroying the republic); 

cum Marcus Tullius, inquilinus civis Romse, 

when Marcus Tullius, an alien (adventitious) citizen of Rome, 

servaret earn. Ad-huc, cum adderet alia 

would preserve it. Moreover, when he would add other 

maledicta; omnes obstrepere, vocare hostem 

revilings; all (began) to interrupt, to call (him) an enemy 

atque parricidam. Turn ille furibundus, inquit, 

and parricide. Then he raging, says, 

*' Quoniam quidem circumventus agor prseceps 

"Since indeed beset I am driven headlong 

ab inimicis, extinguam meum incendium 

by (my) enemies, I will extinguish my burning [destruction] 

ruiria." Dein proripuit se domum ex 

by (universal) ruin." Then he hurried himself home out-of 

curia: ipse volvens multa secum ibi, 

the senate-house : he revolving many (things) with himself there, 

quod neque insidiae consuli procedebant, 

because neither the stratagems for [against] the consul did succeed, 

et intelligebat urbem munitam ab incendio 

and he did understand the city (to be) secured from fire 

vigiliis, credens optumum factu augere 

by watches, believing (it) best to be done to increase (his) 

exercitum, ac ante-capere multa quae forent 

army, and to anticipate many (things) which might be 

Usui bello prius-quam legiones scriberentur, 

to advantage for war before-that the legions should be levied, 

profectus-est intempesta nocte cum paucis in 

he set-out in untimely (very-late) night with a few into 

Manliana castra. Sed mandat Cethego, atque 

the Manlian camp. But he commands to Cethegus, and 

Lentulo que caeteris, promptam audaciam quorum 

Lentulus and others, the ready boldness of whom 

cognoverat, confirment opes 

he had known, (that) they may strengthen (to strengthen) the resources 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 53 

factionis quibus rebus possent, maturent 

of the faction by what things they might be-able, may hasten 

insidias consuli, parent csedem, 

(to hasten) snares for the consul, may prepare (to prepare) slaughter, 

iDcendia, que alia facinora belli : sese 

burnings, and other cruel-deeds of war: himself (to be) 

accessurum propediem cum magno exercitu 

about-to-approach shortly with a great army 

ad urbem. Dum hsec geruntur Romse, 

to the city. Whilst these (things) are carried-on at Kome, 

Caius Manlius mittit legates ex suo numero 

Caius Manlius sends ambassadors out-of his-own number 

ad Quintum Martium Regem cum mandatis bujusce- 

to Quintus Martius Eex with commands of this- 

modi. 

kind. 

Testamur deos que homines, imperator, nos 

We attest gods and men, [0 commander,] U3 

cepisse arma neque contra 

to have taken (that we have taken) arms neither against [our] 

patriam, neque quo faceremus jpericulum aliis, 

country, nor in-order-that we might make danger to others, 

sed uti nostra corpora forent tuta ab injuria: 

but that our bodies might be safe from injury : 

qui miseri, egentes, plerique sumus expertes, 

who wretched, needing, most (of us) are deprived, 

violentia atque crudelitate foeneratorum, patriae, 

by the violence and cruelty of usurers, (of) country, 

sed omnes fama atque fortuna ; neque 

but all [from] of character and fortune: and 

licuit cuiquam nostrum, more majorum 

has it been-lawful for any of us, in the manner of (our) ancestors 

uti lege, neque habere liberum corpus, 

to use the law, nor to have a free body (person), (our) 

patrimonio amisso : tanta fuit soevitia foene- 

patrimony having been lost: so-great has been the cruelty of thousu- 

ratorum atque prsetoris. Saepe majores 

rers and pretor (chancellor). Often the ancestors 

6* 



54 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

vestrum miseriti Romange plebis, opitulati-sunt 

of you having pitied the Roman commonalty, relieved 

inopise ejus suis decretis: ac propter magnitudinem 

the want of it by their decrees: and on-account-of the magnitude 

alieni-geris argentum solutum-est sere novissum^, 

of debt silver was-paid by brass very-lately, 

vestra memoria, omnibus bonis volentibus. 

in your memory, all good (persons) -willing (assenting). 

Ssepe plebes ipsa, permota ant studio 

Often the commons themselves, influenced either by a zeal 

dominandi aut superbi^ magistratuum, secessit 

of ruling or by the pride of the magistrates, seceded 

armata a patribus. At nos petimus non imperium 

armed from the fathers. But we seek not command 

neque divitias, causa quarum omnia bella atque 

nor riches, on-account of which all wars and 

certamina sunt inter mortalis (mortales): sed 

contests are among mortals: but 

libertatem, quam nemo bonus amittit, nisi 

liberty, which no good (man) loses, unless 

simul cum anima. Obtestamur te atque senatum, 

together with life. We conjure thee and the senate, 

consulatis miseris civibus ; 

(that) you may consult (that you provide) for wretched citizens ; 

restituatis praesidium legis, quod iniquitas 

may restore (restore) the security -of the law, which the iniquity 

prgetoris eripuit, neve-imponatis nobis 

ofthepretor has taken-away, and (that) you impose-not onus 

necessitudinem, ut quaeramus quonam modo 

the necessity, that we may seek (to seek) in what manner 

pereamus, ulti maxume nostrum sanguinem. 

we may perish, having avenged-chiefly best) our blood 

[after having sold our lives dearly]. 

:5CXV Quintus Martius respondit ad haec, Si 

Quintus Martius answered to these (things). If 

vellent petere quid ab senatu, 

they would [wished] to seek any (thing) from the senate, 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 65 

discedant ab armis, proficiscantur supplices Romam : 

they may depart from arms, may-set-out suppliant to Rome 

[they should lay down their arms, and go as suppliants to Rome] : 

senatum que Romanum populum 

(he answers) [that] the senate and Roman people 

fuisse semper ea misericordi^ 

to have been always with (of) [always possessed] that pity 

atque mansuetudine, ut nemo unquam petiverit 

and gentleness, that no-one ever may have sought 

auxilium ab eo frustra. At Catilina ex 

(has sought) aid from it in vain. But Catiline on 

itinere mittit literas plerlsque consularibus, 

(his) journey sends letters to most consular-men, 

prseterea cuique optumo : 

moreover to each most excellent [and distinguished] (person) : 

se circumventum falsis criminibus, quoniam 

himself being beset by false accusations, since 

nequiverit register e factioni 

he may have been-unable (was unable) to withstand to the faction 

inimicorum, proficisci Massiliam in exilium ; 

of (his) enemies, to set-out to Massilia into banishment; 

non quod esset consciua sibi tanti sceleris, 

not because he might be conscious to himself of so-great a crime, 

sed uti respublica foret quieta ; ve ne seditio 

but that the republic might be peaceable ; or lest a sedition 

oriretur ex sua contentione. Quintus Catulus 

might arise out-of his dispute. Quintus Catulus 

recitavit in senatu literas long^ diversas ab 

read-aloud iu the senate letters (a letter) far dififerent from 

his; quas dicebat redditas sibi nomine 

these (this) ; which he did say (to be) delivered to him in the name 

Catilinae. Exemplum earum scriptum-est infr^. 

of Catiline. The copy of those (it) has been written beneath. 

Lucius Catilina Quinto Catulo salutans. Tua egregia 

Lucius Catiline to Quintus Catulus greeting. Thy excellent 

fides, grata mihi, re cognita, 

faith (honour), [so] agreeable to me, the thing having been known 



56 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

tribuit fiduciam meae 

[and known to me by experience], has afforded a confidence to my 

commendationi meis magnis periculis. Quamobrem 

recommendation in my great dangers. Wherefoi-e 

statui non parare defensionem in novo 

I have resolved not to prepare a defence in (my) new 

consilio : decrevi proponere satisfactionem ex 

design : I have determined to propose satisfaction from 

nulla conscientia de culpa, quae medius-fidius 

no consciousness of fault, which by Jove's-son (Hercules) 

licet recognoscas mecum vera. Concitatus 

it-is-lawful you may recognise with me (to be) true. Provoked 

injuriis que contumeliis, quod privatus 

by injuries and insults, that having been deprived [that have 

fructu laboris que mese industriae, 

deprived me] (of ) the fruit of [my] labour and my industry, 

.obtinebam non statum dignitatis, 

I did possess not the station of dignity [and which prevented me 

suscepi, pro 

from obtaining the dignity of consul], I have undertaken, according-to 

mea: consuetudine, publicam causam miserorum: 

my custom, the public cause of the wretched : 

non quill possem solvere alienum-aes meis 

not but I might be-able to discharge the debt in-my-own 

nominibus ex possessionibus ; 

names (on my own account) out-of (my) possessions ; 

cum et liberalitas Aureliae Orestillse persolveret 

when and (also) the liberality of Aurelia Orestilla would discharge 

aliis nominibus, 

(debt) under other names (the securities for his debts) [his surety- 

suis que copiis 

ship for the debts of others], from her-own and the resources of (her) 

filiae : sed quod videbam non-dlgnos homines 

daughter: but because I did see unworthy men 

honestatos honore, que sentiebam me 

dignified by honour (preferment), and did feel myself 

alienatum falsa suspicione. Hoc nomine 

estranged by a false suspicion. With this name (consideration) 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 57 

secutus-sum satis honestas spes reliquae dignitatis 

I have-followed sufficiently honourable hopes of remaining dignity 

conservandae pro 

to-be-preserved (of preserving my remaining dignity) according-to 

meo casu. Cum vellem scribere plura, nunciatum-est 

my condition. When I would to write more, it has been told 

vim parari mihi. Nunc 

violence to be prepared (that violence was designed) for me. Now 

commendo Orestillam tibi, que trado tuse fidei. 

I commend Orestilla to thee, and I deliver (her) to thy honour. 

Rogatus per tuos liberos defendas earn 

Entreated by thy children (that) thou mayest defend her 

ab injuria. Haveto. 

from injury. Farewell. 

Sed ipse, commoratus paucos dies apud Caium 

But he, having delayed a few days with Caius 

Flaminium in Reatino agro, dum exornat armis 

riaminius in the Reatine land, whilst he furnishes with arms 

vicinitatem antea solicitatam, contendit cum 

the neighbourhood before stirred-up, hastens with 

fascibus atque aliis insignibus imperii in castra 

the fasces and other ensigns of authority to the camps 

ad Manlium. Ubi hsec comperta-sunt Romae, 

to Manlius. When these (things) were found-out at Rome, 

senatus judicat Catilinam et Manlium hostes ; statuit 

the senate judges Catiline and Manlius enemies; appoints 

diem cseterse multitudini, ante quam liceret 

a day for the other multitude, before which it might be-lawful 

discedere ab armis, sine fraude, praeter 

to depart from arms, [without fraud] [with impunity], except 

condemnatis capitalium rerum. Prae- 

for (those) condemned of capital things (crimes). More- 

terea decernit, uti consules habeant 

over it (the senate) decrees, that the consuls may have (should hold) 

delectum ; Antonius maturet persequi 

a levy; [that] Antony may (should) hasten to pursue 

Catilinum cum exercitu; Cicero sit praesidio 

Catiline [with] an army; [that] Cicero be for a protection 



58 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

urbi. Imperium Romani 

to the city [should protect the city]. The government of the Roman 

populi visum-est mihi niulto maxume miserabile 

people has appeared to me hy much the most pitiable 

ea; tempestate : cui cum omnia ab ortu 

at that time : to which when all (things) from [the] rising 

ad occasum soils, domita armis, parerent ; 

to the setting of the sun, subdued by arms, might obey (obeyed) ; 

otium atque divitiae, quae mortales putant prima, 

leisure and riches, which mortals think the chief 

adfluerent domi ; fuere, tamen, 

(blessings), might abound (abounded) at home ; there were, however, 

cives, qui irent obstinatis animis perditum 

citizens, who would go (went) with obstinate minds to destroy 

que se que rempublicam. Namque neque 

both themselves and the republic. For neither 

quisquam omnium ex tanta multitudine, duobus 

any one of-all out-of so-great a multitude, two 

decretis senati, inductus praemio, patefacerat 

decrees of the senate (existing), induced by reward, had discoverecv 

conjurationem discesserat ex castris (^?.) 

the conspiracy, [or] had departed out-of the camp 

Catilinae. Tanta vis morbi, atque uti tabes, 

of Catiline. So-great a violence of disease, and as an infection, 

invaserat plerosque animos civium. Neque mens 

had seized most the minds of the citizens. Neither the mind 

erat aliena solum illis, qui fuerunt conscii 

was disaffected only to those, who were conscious (privy to) 

conjurationis, sed cuncta plebes omnino probabat 

of the conspiracy, but all the common-people altogether did approve 

incepta Catilinse, studio novarum rerum. 

the undertakings of Catiline, from a zeal of new things 

. Adeo videbatur facere 

(a revolution). Thus it (the common-people) seemed to do 

id suo more. Nam semper in civitate, 

that from their custom. For always in a state, (they) 

quibus nullse opes sunt, invident bonis, extollunt 

to whom no resources are, envy the good, extol 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 59 

malos, odere Vetera, exoptant nova ; 

the bad, have hated (hate) old (things), wish-for new; 

student omnia mtitari odio suarum 

desire all (things) to be changed from a hatred of their-own 

rerum, aluntur sine cur^ turba, atque 

things, are maintained without care in crowd (confusion), and 

seditionibus : quoniam egestas retinetur facile sine 

seditions : since want is retained easily without 

damno. Sed vero ea urbana 

loss [poverty can lose nothing]. But indeed that city 

plebes ierat praeceps de multis causis. Primum 

commonalty had gone headlong for many causes. First 

omnium qui ubique maxume praestabant probro 

of all (they) who [everywhere] chiefly did excel in infamy 

atque petulantia ; item alii, patrimoniis amissis 

and impudence ; likewise others, (their) patrimonies having been lost 

per dedecora; postremo, omnes quos flagitium aut 

through digracesj lastly, all whom wickedness or 

facinus expulerat domo ; hi confluxerunt 

crime had driven-out from home; these flowed-together 

Rom am, sicuti in sentinam. Dein multi memores 

to Rome, as to a sewer. Then many mindful 

Sullanse victorias, quod videbant alios ex 

of the Syllanian victory, because they did see others (some) of 

gregariis militibus senatores ; alios ita divites ut 

the common soldiers senators; others so rich that 

agerent setatem regie victu atque 

they might spend age (their life) with royal food and 

cultu; quisque sperabat talia sibi ex 

dress; every-one did hope such (things) for himself from 

victoria, si foret in armis. Praeterea juventus, 

victory, if he might be in arms. Besides the youth, 

quae toleraverat inopiam in agris mercede 

who has supported poverty in the fields by the reward 

manuum, excita privatis atque publicis 

of hands (manual labour), excited by private and public 

largitionibus, prastulerat urbanum otium ingrato 

bribes, had preferred city ease to disagreeable 



60 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

labori. Publicum malum alebat eos atque omnis 

labour. The public calamity did maintain these and all 

(omnes) alios. Quo est miniis mirandum, 

others (such). Wherefore it is less to-be-wondered-at, 

egentis (egentes) homines, malis moribus, 

[that] needy men, with bad principles, 

maxuma, spe consuluisse juxta reipublicse ac 

•with the greatest hope to have consulted equally for the republic and 

sibi. 

themselves. [Had consulted their private interest as much as that of the 

Prgeterea parentes quorum 

republic]. Moreover (those) the parents of whom (were) 

proscripti victoria Sullge, bona erepta, 

proscribed in the victory of Sylla, (their) goods snatched-away, [and 

jus libertatis erat imminutum, exspectabant 

the] privilege of liberty was impaired, did await 

eventum belli baud sane alio animo. 

the issue of the war not indeed with other mind. [With like feelings]. 

Ad-hoc, quicumque erant aliarum partium atque 

Besides, whosoever were of other factions than (that) 

senatus, malebant rempublicam conturbari quam 

of the senate, had-rather the republic to be disturbed than 

ipsi valere minus : adeo id 

they to prevail less : [should have less influence] : so that 

malum reverterat in civitatem post multos annos. 

evil had returned to the state after many years. 

L^ffiiNam postquam tribunitia potestas restituta-est, 

For after the tribunician power was restored, 

Cneio Pompeio et Marco Crasso consulibus, 

Cneius Pompey and Marcus Crassus (being) consuls, 

adolescentes homines nacti summam potestatem, 

young men having obtained the highest power, 

quibus setas que animus erat ferox, 

[the tribunician], to whom age and mind was fierce 

coepere exagitare plebem criminando 

(ardent), began to harass [agitate] the commons by accusing 

senatum; dein incendere magis largiundo, 

the senate : then to inflame (them) more by bribing. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 61 

atque pollicitando ; ita ipsi 

and by promising-often ; [by bribes and promises] ; thus they (began) 

fieri clari que potentes. Pleraque nobilitas 

to be made conspicuous and powerful. Most the nobility 

nitebatur contra eos summa ope : 

endeavoured against them with utmost might: [the greater part of the 

sub specie 

nobility strove against them with all their might] : under pretence 

senatus, pro sua magnitudine. Namque 

of (for) the senate, (but) for their own greatness. For 

uti absolvam verum paucis, quicumque 

that I may despatch true (the truth) in a few (words), whosoever 

agitavere rempublicam per ilia tempora, 

harassed the republic during those times, (under) 

honestis nominibus, alii sicuti defenderent 

honourable names (pretences), some as-though they would defend 

jura populi ; pars quo auctoritas senatus 

the rights of the people; part in-order-that the authority of the senate 

foret maxuma, ' simulantes publicum bonum, 

might be the greatest, pretending the public good, [but] 

certabant quisque pro suai potentia : neque 

did contend each for his-own power: neither 

modestia, neque modus contentionis erat illis : 

moderation, nor (limit) of dispute was to them: 

utrique 

[their contests with one another were carried on most violently] : both 

exercebant victoriam crudeliter. Sed postquamK^U 

did exercise victory cruelly. But after 

Cneius Porapeius missus-est ad maritimum atque 

Cneius Pompeius was-sent to the maritime and 

Mithridaticum bellum, opes plebis 

Mithridatic war, the resources of the commons (were) 

imminutse, potentia paucorum crevit. Hi 

impaired, the power of a few increased. These (began) 

tenere magistratus, provincias, que omnia alia : 

to possess magistracies, provinces, and all other (things) : 

ipsi innoxii, florentes, agere setatem sine 

they free-from-injuiy, flourishing, to-spend age without 

6 



62 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

metu, que terrere cseteros judlcils, 

fear, and to affright others by judgments, [they free from 

quo 

danger, alarmed others by judicial investigations], in-order-that (when) 

in magistratu tractarent plebem placidius. 

in the magistracy they might manage the commons more-gently. 

Sed ubi spes 

[And not excite commotions among them]. But when hope 

oblata-est dubiis rebus novandis, vetus 

Tvas offered for [adverse] things to-be-renewed (changed), the old 

certamen arrexit animos eorum. Quod 

contest raised the minds of them. [Raised their courage]. But 

si Catilina discessisset superior 

if Catiline might have departed (had departed) (come off") superior 

primo prselio, aut sequa manu, profecto magna 

in the first battle, or with an equal force, indeed a great 

clades atque calamitas oppressisset rempublicam, 

slaughter and calamity might have oppressed the republic, 

neque licuisset illis qui 

neither might it have been-lawful [permitted] for those who 

adepti-forent victoriam uti ea 

might have obtained (had obtained) victory to use it 

diutius ; quin qui posset-plus extorqueret 

[longer] ; but (the party) who might be more powerful would wrest 

imperium atque libertatem defessis et exsanguibus. 

authority and liberty from the wearied and exhausted. 

Tamen complures fuere extra conjurationem, qui 

However many were without the conspiracy, who 

profecti-sunt initio ad Catilinam. In his 

set-out in the beginning to Catiline. Among these 

erat Fulvius, filius senatoris, quern parens jussit 

was Fulvius, the son of a senator, whom (his) father ordered 

retractum ex itinere, necari. lisdem 

brought-back from (his) journey, to be-put-to-death. At the same 

temporibus Lentulus sollicitabat Romse quoscumque 

times (time) Lentulus did stir-up at Rome whomsoever 

credebat idoneos, moribus aut fortuna, novis 

he did believe fit, by morals or fortune, for now 



SALLUSTII CATILIXA. 63 

rebus, sicuti Catilina prseceperat ; neque 

things (a revolution), as Catiline had ordered j neither 

solum cives, sed genus hominum cujuscumque 

only citizens, but a kind of men of any (whatever) 

modi, quod modo foret usui bello. Igitur 

description, which only might be for advantage to the war. Therefore 

dat negotium cuidam Publio Umbreno, 

he gives business a (commission) to a certain Publius Umbrenus, 

uti requirat legatos Allobrogum : que impellat 

that he may find-out the deputies of the AUobroges : and impel 

eos, si possit, ad societatem belli, existumans 

them, if he may be able, to an alliance of the war, thinking, 

eos oppressos public^ que privatim alieno-aere : 

those oppressed publicly and privately by debt: 

praaterea quod Gallica gens esset bellicosa 

moreover that the Gallic nation might be (was) warlike 

natur^, posse facile adduci ad tale 

by nature, to be able (might) easily be brought-over to such 

consilium. Umbrenus notus-erat plerisque principibus 

a design. Umbrenus had been known to most the chiefs 

civitatum, atque noverat eos, quod negotiatus-erat 

of the states, and had known them, because he had trafficked 

in Gallia : itaque sine mora, ubi-primum conspexit 

in Gaul : therefore without delay, as-soon-as ho beheld 

legates in foro, percunctatus pauca 

the deputies in the market-place, [forum], having inquired a few 

de statu civitatis, et quasi dolens 

(things) concerning the condition of the state, and as-if bewailing 

casum ejus, coepit requirere quem exitum sperarent 

the lot of it, began to ask what issue they might hope 

tantis malis. Postquam videt illos queri 

to so-great evils. After he sees [that] them to complain 

de avaritia, magistratuum, accusare 

[they complain] of the avarice of the magistrates, to accuse 

senatum, quod esset nihil auxilii in 

the senate, because there might be (was) nothing of redress in 

60 ; exspectare mortem remedium suis 

it; [and] to await death (as) a remedy for their 



64 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

miseriis : "At ego," inquit, " ostendam rationem 

miseries: ''But I," he says, "will-point-out apian 

vobis, si modo-vultis esse viri, 

to you, if you-only-wish to be men, [if you would only be men], 

qua effugiatis ista tanta mala." Ubi dixit 

by which you may escape those so-great evils." When he said 

haeCj Allobroges adducti in maxumam spem, 

these (things), the Allobroges led into the greatest hope, 

orare Umbrenum uti misereretur sui : 

(began) to entreat [Umbrenus] that he might pity themselves: [that] 

nihil esse tarn asperum, neque tarn difficile, 

nothing to be [was] so rough, nor so diflScult, 

quod facturi-essent non cupidissime, 

which they would-be-about-to-do not most-desirously, [but that they 

dum ea res liberaret civitatem 

would most willingly do], provided that thing might free the state 

alieno-sere. Ille perducit eos in domum Decii 

from debt. He leads them into the house ofDecius 

Bruti, quod erat propinqua foro, neque aliena 

Brutus, because it was near to the forum, and not unacquainted 

consilii propter Semproniam, nam Brutus 

of the design (conspiracy) on-account-of Sempronia, for Brutus 

-aberat turn ab Boma. Praeterea arcessit 

was absent then from Rome. Besides he sends-for 

Gabinium, quo major auctoritas inesset 

Gabinius, in-order-that greater authority might be-in to (his) 

sermoni; eo prsesente, aperit conjurationem, 

discourse ; he being present, he discloses the conspiracy, 

nominat socios, prseterea multos innoxios 

names the associates, moreover many innocent (men) 

cujusque generis, quo animus esset 

of every kind, in-order-that mind (courage) might be 

amplior legatis : " dein dimittit eos domum, 

greater to the deputies: then he dismisses them home, 

pollicitos suam operam. Sed Allobroges habuere 

having promised their assistance. But the Allobroges had 

diu in incertum, quidnam consilii 

for-a-long-time into uncertain (were in doubt), what of counsel 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 65 

caperent. In altera parte erat alienum-ses, 

they might take. In the other (one) part was debt, 

studium belli, magna merces in spe victorise ; at 

zeal of war, great reward in the hope of victory ; but 

majores opes, tuta consilia, certa prsemia pro 

greater resources, safe counsels, certain rewards instead-of 

incerta spe in altera. Illis volventibus hgec, 

uncertain hope on the other (side). They revolving these 

tandem fortuna reipublicse vicit. Itaque 

(things) at-length the fortune of the state prevailed. Therefore 

aperiunt omnem rem, uti cognoverant, Quinto 

they disclose all the thing, as they had known (it), to Quintus 

Fabio Sangje, patrocinio cujus civitas utebatur 

Fabius Sunga, the patronage of whom the state did use 

plurimum. Cicero, consilio cognito per 

very-much. Cicero, the design having been known through 

Sangam, prsecipit legatis, ut simulent 

Sanga, orders to (the) deputies, that they may pretend (to pre- 

vebementer studium conjurationis ; 

tend) vehemently a zeal of (for) the conspiracy; may (to) 

adeant cseteros ; polliceantur bene, 

go-to the rest [of the conspirators]; may (to) promise well, 

que dent operam, ut habeant eos 

and may (to) give exertion, [assurance], that they may have them 

quam maxume manifestos. 

as most manifest (convicted), [As avowed participants 

Motus erat fere iisdem 

in the conspiracy]. A commotion was almost in the same 

temporibus, in citeriore atque ulteriore Gallia;, 

times (time), in hither and farther Gaul, 

item in Piceno agro, Bruttio, Apulia. Namque 

also in the Picene land, in Bruttium, Apulia. For 

illi quos Catilina dimiserat . antea agere 

they whom Catiline had sent-oflT [before] (began) to do 

cuncta simul inconsulte, ac veluti 

all (things) at-the-same-time inconsiderately, and as-if 

per dementiam: effecerant plus timoris 

through madness : they had effected more of fear 

6* 



66 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

quam periculi nocturnis conciliis, portationibus 

than of danger by nightly councils, by conveyances 

armorum atque telorum, festinando, agitando 

of arms and of weapons, by hastening, by agitating 

omnia. Quintus Metellus Celer, caussa cognita;, 

all (things). Quintus Metellus Celer, the cause being known, 

conjecerat complures ex eo numero in vincula, 

had cast many of that number [into prison] , 

ex consulto senatus. Caius Murena item, 

according-to a decree of the senate. Caius Murena (did) likewise, 

in citeriore Gallia, qui legatus prjeerat ei 

in hither Gaul, who (as) lieutenant was-over to that 

provinciae. At Lentulus cum cseteris, 

~rfT [presided over that] province. But Lentulus with the others, 

qui erant principes conjurationis, magnis copiis 

who were chiefs of the conspiracy, great forces 

paratis Romse, uti videbatur, constituerat, 

having been prepared at Rome, as it did appear, had appointed, 

uti ciim Catilina venisset cum exercitu 

that when Catiline might have come (had come) with an army 

in Fsesulanum agrum, Lucius Bestia, tribunus 

into the Faesulan land, Lucius Bestia, tribune 

plebis, concione habits, quereretur de 

of the commons, an assembly being held, should complain of 

actionibus Ciceronis, que imponeret invidiam 

the proceedings of Cicero, and place the odium 

gravissimi belli optumo consuli ; 

of (this) most-serious war to (on) the most-excellent consul; 

eo signo, proxuma nocte, csetera multitudo 

by that sign (signal), [the next night], the remaining multitude 

conjurationis exsequeretur quisque suum negotium. 

[of the conspiracy] should execute each bis-own business (part). 

Sed ea dicebantur divisa hoc modo, 

But those (parts) were said (to be) divided in this manner, 

uti Statilius et Gabinius, cum magna manu, 

that Statilius and Gabinius, with a great band, 

incenderent duodecim ' opportuna loca urbia 

should set-fire-to twelve opportune places of the city 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 67 

simul, quo tumultu facillor aditus fieret 

at-the-same-time, in which tumult an easier access might be made 

ad consulem, que caeteros quibus insidiae parabantur. 

to the consul, and the others for whom snares were prepared. 

Cetbegus obsideret januam Ciceronis, que 

[That] Cethegus should block-up the gate of Cicero, and 

aggrederetur eum vi ; autem alius 

should attack him with force; but another (should attack) 

alium : sed filii familiarum, quorum maxuma pars 

another : but the sons of families, of whom the greatest part 

erat ex nobilitate, interficerent parentes : 

was of the nobility, should murder (their) parents: 

simul omnibus perculsis cgede et incendio, 

at-the-same-time all being stricken by slaughter and by burning, 

erumperent ad Catilinam. Inter haec 

they should burst-forth (sally) to Catiline. Among these 

parata atque decreta, Cethegus querebatur 

prepared (preparations) and determinations, Cethegus did complain 

semper de ignavia sociorum : illos 

always of the remissness of (his) associates : [that] those 

corrumpere magnas opportunitates 

to corrupt (mar) [did mar] great opportunities 

dubitando et prolatando dies; 

by hesitating and deferring days [and putting off the time for 

esse opus in tali periculo, facto 

executing the plot] ; to be need in such danger, for deed 

non consulto : que se, si pauci 

not for deliberation : and [that] himself, if a few 

adjuvarent, aliis languentibus, facturum 

would assist, others being-remiss, about-to-make [would make] 

irapetum in curiam. Erat natura ferox, 

an attack against the senate-house. He was by nature fierce, 

vehemens, promptus manu ; putabat maxumum 

vehement, ready in hand (action); he did think the greatest 

bonum in celeritate. Sed Allobroges conveniunt -^ ^ 

good (to be) in despatch. But the Allobroges assemble 

caeteros per Gabinium, ex praecepto 

(meet) the rest through Gabinius, according-to the direction 



68 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 



Ciceronis 

of Cicero : 

signatum 

sealed 



postulant jusjurandum, quod perferant 

they require an oath, which they may carry 

ad civis (cives), ab Lentulo, 

[of their state], from Lentulus, 



civis (cives^ 

the citizens 



Cethego, 

Cethegus, 



posse 

to 



negotium 

an affair. 



Statilio, 

Statilius, a 

facile 



item 

also 



Cassio : 

from Cassius 



hand 

not 



eos 

[that] those 

impelli aliter ad tantum 

able [could not] easily to be impelled otherwise to so-great 

Cteteri, suspicantes nihil, dant : Cassius 

The others, suspecting nothing, give (it) : Cassius 

pollicetur semet venturum brevi eo, ac proficiscitur 

promises himself about-to-come shortly [there], and sets-out 

urbe paulo ante legates. Lentulus mittit 

the city 



ex 

from 



a little before the ambassadors. 



Lentulus 



sends 



quemdam Titum Volturcium, Crotoniensem, cum his, 

a certain Titus Volturcius, a Crotonian, with these, 

ut Allobroges confirmarent societatem cum Catilina, 

that the Allobroges might strengthen the alliance with Catiline, 

priusquam pergerent domum, fide 

before-that they might proceed home, faith (pledges of honour) 

dat^ atque accepta, 

having been given and received. 

Volturcio ad Catilinam, 



to Volturcius for Catiline, 

scriptum infra. 

written beneath. 



Ipse dat literas 

He gives letters (an epistle) 

exemplum qua rum 

a copy of which 



est 

is 



eo, 

him. 



quem 

whom 



misi ad 

I have sent to 



te, 

thee. 



Cognosces ex 

Thou wilt know from 

qui sim. Fac cogites 

who I may be (I am). Do thou mayest consider (take care to consider) 

in quanta calamitate sis, et memineris te 

in how-great calamity thou maj'cst be, and remember thee 

esse virum : consideres quid 

to be a man : (take care) thou mayest consider (to consider) what 

tuse rationes postulent ; petas 

thy plans [circumstances] may require; thou mayest seek (to seek) 

auxilium ab omnibus, etiam ab infimis. 

aid from all, even from the lowest. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 69 

Ad-hoc, dat mandata verbis : quo consilio 

Besides, he gives commands in words : with what design 

repudiet servitia ? 

(reason) he may reject slaveries (slaves)? [why should he reject slaves?] 

cum judicatus-sit hostis ab senatu : 

since he may have been judged (has been judged) an enemy by the senate : 

quae jusserit esse parata in 

(the things) which he may have (has) ordered to be prepared in 

urbe : 

the city : [the things which he had ordered to be done in the city, are 

ipse ne-cunctetur acce- 

prepared] : himself may not-delay [that he should not delay] to ap- 

dere propius. His rebus actis ita, constituta 

proach nearer. These things having been done so, on the appointed 

nocte qua proficiscerentur, Cicero edoctus 

night on which they should set-out, Cicero having been instructed-in 

cuncta per legates, imperat praetoribus, 

all (thing) by the ambassadors, orders to the pretors, 

Lucio Valerie Flacco et Caio Pomptino, ut deprehendant 

Lucius Valerius Flaccus and Caius Pomptinus, that they may seize 

comitatus AUobrogum, per insidias, 

(to apprehend) the attendants of the AUobroges, by ambushes (ambush), 

in Mulvio ponte : aperit omnem rem 

on the Mul\ian bridge : he discovers [to them] all the thing 

gratia cujus mittebantur: agant 

by cause (for the sake) of which they were sent : they may do (to do) 

csetera, uti sit opus facto. 

the rest, as (there) may be need for deed. [He allows them to execute 

Militares 

the rest of the affair as occasion may require.] (These) military 

homines, prsesidiis collocatis sine tumultu, obsidunt 

men, the guards being arranged without tumult, beset 

pontem occulte, sicuti prseceptum-erat. Postquam 

the bridge secretly, as it had been ordered. After 

legati venere cum Volturcio ad id loci, 

the ambassadors came with Volturcius to that of place, 

clamor exortus-est simul utrimque, Galli, 

a shout arose at-the-same-time on-both-sides. The Gauls, 



70 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

consilio cognito, cito tradlderunt se 

the design being known [to them] , quickly delivered themselves 

sine mora prgetoribus. Volturcius primo, eohortatus 

without delay to the pretors. Volturcius first, having encouraged 

cseteros, defendit se a multitudine gladio : 

the rest, defends himself from the multitude with a sword : 

dein ubi desertus-est a legatis, obtestatus 

then when he was deserted by the ambassadors, having conjured 

Pomptinum prius multa 

(having first entreated) Pomptinus before many (things) 

de sua salute, quod notus-erat ei, 

[earnestly] concerning his safety, because he had been known to him, 

postremoj timidus ac diffidens vitge, dedit sese 

finally, fearful and distrusting for life, he surrenders himself 

yj prsetoribus velut hostibus. Quibus rebus confectis, 

»-V_i. ^Q ^jjg pretors as to enemies. Which things being finished, 

omnia declarantur propere per nuncios consuli. 

all are declared speedily by messengers to the consul. 

At ingens cura atque Isetitia, simul, occu- 

But great anxiety and gladness, at-the-same-time, occu- 

pavere ilium. Laetabatur, intelligens civitatem esse 

pied him. He did rejoice, understanding the state to be 

ereptam periculis, conjuratione patefacta; autem 

rescued from danger, the conspiracy having been exposed; but 

porro erat anxius quid esset opus facto 

moreover he was anxious what might be necessary for deed 

tantis civibus, deprehensis in maxumo 

(to be done) so-great citizens, being discovered in the greatest 

scelere ; poenam illorum fore oneri 

wickedness; the punishment of them to-be-about-to-be for a burden 

sibi, impunitatem reipublic^e perdundse. 

to him, (their) pardon (the cause) of the republic to be destroyed. 

Igitur animo con- 

[Of the destruction of the republic] Therefore (his) mind having been 

firmato, jubet Lentulum, Cethegum, Sta- 

strengthened (made up), he orders Lentulus, Ccthegus, Sta- 

tilium, Gabinium, que Ceparium Tarracinensem, qui 

tilius, Gabinius, and Ceparius the Tarracinian, who 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 71 

parabat proficlsci in Apuliam ad servltia concitanda, 

did prepare to set-out into Apulia to. slaveries to-be-excited 

vocari ad sese. Caeteri veniunt 

(to excite the slaves), to be called to himself. The rest come 

sine mora;. Ceparius egressus domo paulo 

without delay. Ceparius having departed from home a little 

ante, indicio cognito, profugerat ex urbe. 

before, the discovery having been known, had fled out-of fhe city. 

Consul ipse, tenens Lentulum manu, quod erat 

The consul self, holding Lentulus by the hand, because he was 

praetor, perducit in senatum ; jubet reliquos 

pretor, leads (him) into the senate; he orders the rest 

venire cum custodibus in aedem Concordiae. Advocat 

to come with guards into the temple of Concord. He summons 

senatum eo, que introducit Volturcium cum 

the senate thither, and introduces Volturcius with 

legatis magna frequentia ejus ordinis ; 

the ambassadors in a great fulness (attendance) of that order; 

jubet Flaccum, praetorem, adferre eodem 

he orders Flaccus, the pretor, to bring to the-same-place 

scrinium, cum Uteris, quas acceperat k 

the writing-desk, with the letters, which he had received from 

legatis. Volturcius interrogatus de itinere, X L 

the ambassadors. Volturcius being questioned concerning the journey, 

de literis, postremo, quid consilii habuisset, 

concerning the letters, finally, what design he might have had 

aut de qu^ causa;, primo fingere 

(he had), or about what cause, at-first (began) to feign 

omnia alia, dissimulare de conjuratione ; 

all other (_ things), to dissemble concerning the conspiracy; 

post ubi jussus-cst dicere publica, fide, 

after when he was ordered to speak on the public honour, [being given 

aperit omnia, uti gesta- 

him for bis safety], he discloses all (things), as they had been 

erant ; se ascitum-(esse) 

carried-on ; [that he] himself to have been attached (as) [was admitted] 

socium paucis diebus ante a Gabinio et Cepario ; 

an associate a few days before by Gabinius and Ceparius ; 



72 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

scire nihil amplius quam legates ; 

to know [that he knew] nothing more than the ambassadors; 

tantummodo solitum audire ex Gabinio, 

only (being) accustomed to hear from Gabinius, [that] 

Publium Autronium, Servium Sullam, Lucium Var- 

Publius Autronius, Servius Sjlla, Lucius Var- 

gunteium, multos praeterea esse in ea conju- 

gunteius, [and] many besides to be [were] in that conspi- 

ratione. Galli fatentur eadem, at coarguunt Len- 

racy. The Gauls confess the same, but they convict Len- 

tulum dissimulantem, prseter literas sermonibus, 

tulus dissembling, beside the letters (letter), by discourses, 

quos ille solitus-erat habere, regnum 

which he had been accustomed to have [with them, that] the kingdom 

Romse portendi tribus Corneliis ex Sibyl- 

of Home to be foreboded [was foretold] to three Cornelii out-of the Si- 

linis libris : Cinnam atque Sullam antea ; se 

bylline books; Cinna and Sylla (possessed it) before j himself 

esse tertium, cui fatum foret 

to be the third, to whom fate would be [whose fate it would be] 

potiri urbis ; prgeterea ilium esse vigesimum 

to be-master of the city ; moreover that to be the twentieth 

annum ab Capitolio incenso, quern 

year from the Capitol being burned, which (year) 

haruspices sasp^ respondissent ex 

the soothsayers often might have answered (had answered) from 

prodigiis fore cruentum civili bello. Igitur 

prodigies to be-about-to-be bloody by civil war. Therefore 

Uteris perlectis, cum omnes 

the letters (letter) having been read-through, when all 

cognoviscent sua signa, senatus 

might have known (had admitted) thcir-own signs (seals), the senate 

decernit, ut Lentulus, magistratu abdicato, que 

decrees, that Lentulus, the magistracy being resigned, and 

item cseteri, habeantur in liberis custodiis. 

likewise the rest, may be kept in free custodies 

Itaque traduntur, 

(in the custody of private persons). Therefore they are delivered (thus). 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 73 

Lentulus Publio Lentulo Spintheri, qui erat turn 

Lentulus to Publius Lentulus Spinther, who was then 

sedilis ; Cethegus Quinto Cornificio ; Statilius Caio 

edile ; Cethegus to Quintus Cornificius; Statilius to Caius 

Caesari ; Gabinius Marco Crasso ; Ceparius (nam is 

Caesar; Gabinius to Marcus Crassus; Ceparius (for he 

retractus-erat paulo ante ex fuga) Cneio 

had been brought-back a little before from flight) to Cneius 

Terentio, senatori. Interea plebes, conjuratione 

Terentius, a senator. Mean-time the commons, the conspiracy 

patefacta, quae primo cupida novarum rerum, 

being discovered, who at first (being) desirous of new things 

favebat nimis bello, mente 

(a revolution), did favour too-much to the war, (their) mind 

mutatai, exsecrari consilia Catilinse, tollere, 

being changed, (began) to execrate the designs of Catiline, to raise 

Ciceronem ad coelum ; velut erepta ex servitute 

Cicero to heaven ; as-if rescued from slavery (they) 

agitabat gaudium atque laetitiam. Namque 

did agitate (display) joy and -^gladness. For 

putabat alia facinora belli fore 

(the common people) did think other exploits of war to-beabout-to-be 

prsedse magis quam detrimento, vero 

for booty rather than [to themselves] injury, but 

incendium crudele, immoderatum, ac maxume 

burning (to be) cruel, immoderate, and chiefly 

calamitosum sibi; quippe cui omnes 

calamitous to themselves ; because (an order) to whom all 

copise erant in quotidiano usu et cultu corporis. 

supplies were iu daily use and dress of body. 

[Since all their property consisted of things in daily use, and of clothing]. 



Post eum diem, 

After that day. 


quidam 

a certain 


Lucius Tarquinius 

Lucius Tarquinius 


adductus-erat ad 

bad been brought-up to 


senatum, 

the senate, 


quem aiebant 

whom they did say 


retractum 

(to have been) brought-back 

7 


ex 

from 


itinere, 

(his) journey, (when) 



74 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

proficiscentem ad Catilinam. Cum is diceret 

setting-out to Catiline. When he might say (said) 

se indicaturum de 

himself about-to-inform [that he wo\ild inform] concerning 

conjuratione, si publica fides data-esset, 

the conspiracy, if the public faith might have been given [to him 

jussus a consule edicere quae sciret, 

for safety], being ordered by the consul to declare what he might know, 

edocet senatum fere eadem quae Volturcius, 

he informs the senate almost the same (things) which Volturcius (did), 

de incendiis paratis, de cgede bonorum, 

of burnings having been prepared, of the murder of good (men), 

de itinere hostium : praeterea, se missum a 

of the march of the enemies : moreover, himself being sent by 

Marco Crasso, qui nunciaret Catilinge, 

Marcus Crassus, who might tell (to tell) to Catiline, (that) 

Lentulus, et Cethegus, que alii ex conjuratione, 

Lentulus, and Cethegus, and others of the conspiracy, 

deprehensi ne-terrerent eum ; que 

having been apprehended should not-aflfright hitn; and 

properaret magis eo accedere ad urbem, 

he should hasten the more therefore to-approach to the city, 

quo et reficeret animos cseterorum, 

in-order-that and (both) he might refresh the minds of the rest, 

et illi eriperentur facilius e perlculo. Sed 

and they might be rescued the more-easily from danger. But 

ubi Tarquinius nominavit Crassum, nobilem hominem, 

when Tarquinius named Crassus, a noble man, 

maxumis divitiis, summa potentia, alii 

■with the greatest riches, the highest power, some 

rati rem incredibilem, pars, tametsi 

having supposed the thing incredible, a part, although 

existumabant verum, tamen, quia tanta vis 

they did think (it) true, yet, because so-great influence 

hominis videbatur leniunda magis quam 

of the man did seem to-be-softened rather than 

exagitanda 

to-be-provoked [a man of such great influence ought to be soothed rather 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 75 

in tali tempore, plerique obnoxii 

than provoked] in such a time, many subservient 

Crasso ex privatis negotiis, conclamant, 

to Crassus from private aifairs, cry-out, [that] 

indicem esse falsum, que postulant uti 

the informer to be [was] false, and require that 

referatur de ea re. Itaque, 

it may be referred (to the senate) concerning that thing. Therefore, 

Cicerone consulente, frequens senatus 

Cicero consulting (presiding), a crowded senate 

decernit, indicium Tarquinii videri 

decrees, the information of Tarquinius to be seen (to seem) 

falsum, que eum retinendum in vinculls ; 

false, and him [to be] kept in bonds [prison] ; 

que potestatem ne amplius faciundam, 

and power (of divulging) not more to-be-made, [and that 

nisi indicaret 

he be not allowed to proceed in his testimony], unless he might inform 

de eo, consilio cujus mentitus-esset 

of him, by the advice of whom he might have (had) forged 

tantam rem. Erant eo tempore, qui 

so-great a thing. There were at that time, (persons), who 

existumarent illud machinatum a Public 

might think (thought) that plotted by Publius 

Autronio, quo Crasso appellato, potentia illius 

Autronius, in-order-that Crassus being named, the power of him 

tegeret r cliques facilius, per societatem 

might screen the rest more-easily, by (his) share 

periculi. Alii aiebant Tarquinium 

of (in the) danger. Others did say Tarquinius 

immissum a Cicerone, ne Crassus, suo 

sent-in (suborned) by Cicero, lest Crassus, by his 

more conturbaret rempublicam, 

custom [as was his custom] might disturb the republic, 

patroclnio malorum suscepto. Ego postea 

the patronage of the bad being undertaken [by him]. I afterwards 

audivi Crassum ipsum praedicantem illam tantam 

heard Crassus [himself] openly declaring that so-great 



76 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

contumeliam impositam slbi k Cicerone. 

an insult (to have been) placed to (on) him by Cicero. 

Sed iisdem temporibus, Quintus Catulus et Cains 

But at-the-same times, Quintus Catulus and Caius 

Piso potuere impellere Ciceronem neque gratia, 

Piso were able to impel Cicero neither by interest, 

neque precibus, neque pretio, uti Caius Caesar 

nor by prayers, nor by price, that Caius Caesar 

nominaretur faiso per Allobroges aut alium indicem. 

might be named falsely by the Allobroges or other informer. 

Nam uterque exercebant gravis (graves) inimicitias 

For each (both) did exercise dreadful enmities 

cum illo ; Piso oppugnatus in judicio 

■with him ; Piso having been assailed in a trial 

repetundarum (pi.), propter injustum supplicium 

of extortion, on-account-of the unjust punishment 

cujusdam Transpadani; Catulus incensus odio 

of a certain Transpadanian; Catulu'S being inflamed with hatred 

ex petitione pontificatus, quod usus 

from (since) his canvass of the high-priesthood, because having enjoyed 

maxumis honoribus (ahL) extrema setate discesserat, 

the greatest honours (now) in extreme age he had departed, 

victus a Csesare, adolescentulo. Autem res 

conquered by Caesar, a young man. But the thing 

videbatur opportuna, quod is debebat grandem 

did seem opportune, because he [Caesar] did owe great 

pecuniam egregia liberalitate privatim, 

money (a great debt) by extraordinary liberality privately, 

maxumis muneribus publico. Sed ubi 

by-very-great presents (exhibitions) publicly. But when 

nequeunt impellere consulem ad tantum facinus, 

they are-unable to impel the consul to so-great a crime, 

ipsi conflaverant magnam invidiam illi 

themselves bad-contracted great odium for him [had excit- 

circumeundo singillatim, atque 

ed great odium against him] by-going-about individually, and 

ementiendo quae dicerent audisse ex 

by forging what they might-say (they said) to have heard from 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 77 

Volturcioj aut Allobrogibus ; usque adeo, uti 

Volturcius, or the AUobroges ; until to-this (so far), that 

nonnulli Komani equites, qui erant cum telis 

some [Roman] knights, who were with weapons [armed] 

circum sedem Concordiae, causa prsesidii, 

about the temple of Concord, by cause (for the sake) of guard, 

impulsi seu magnitudine pericull, seu 

being impelled either by the magnitude of the danger, or 

mobilitate animi, qu6 suum studium in 

by levity of mind, in-order-that their zeal toward 

rempublicam esset clarius, minitarentur 

the republic might be more-conspicuous, might threaten (threatened) 

gladio Csesari egredienti ex senatu. Dum 

with a sword to Caesar going-out from the senate. Whilst 

liaec aguntur in senatu, et dum praemia 

these (things) are done in the senate, and whilst rewards 

decernuntur legatis Allobrogum et Tito 

are decreed to the ambassadors of the AUobroges and to Titus 

Volturcio, indicio eorum comprobato; 

Volturcius, the information of them having been approved j 

liberti et pauci ex clientibus Lentuli, 

the freed-men and a few of the dependants ofLentulus, 

solicitabant, diversis itineribus, opifices atque 

did stir -up, in different directions, the mechanics and 

servitia in vicis ad eum eripiendum: 

slaveries (slaves) in the streets to him to-be-rescued : [to rescue 

partim exquirebant duces multitudinum, 

him] : partly (some) did search-out the leaders of multitudes 

qui soliti-erant vexare rempublicam 

(mobs), who had been accustomed to harass the republic 

pretio. Autem Cethegus orabat per nuncios, 

for hire. But Cethegus did entreat through messengers, 

familiam atque suos libertos exercitatos in 

(his) household and his freed-men exercised in 

audaciam, uti grege facto irrumperent 

boldness, that a flock (band) having been formed, they would break-in 

ad sese cum telis. Consul, ubi cognovit ea 

to himself with weapons. The consul, when he knew those 

7* 



78 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

parari, prgesidiis dispositis, uti res 

(things) to be prepared, guards being arranged, as the thing 

atque tempus monebat, senatu convocato, refert 

and time did advise, the senate being convoked, refers 

quid placeat fieri de his, qui 

(asks) what it may please to be done concerning those, who 

traditi-erant in custodiam. Sed frequens senatus 

had been-delivered into custody. But a crowded senate 

judicaverat paulo ante eos fecisse 

had judged a little before [that] them to have acted [had acted] 

contra rempublicam. Turn Decius Junius Silanus 

against the republic. Then Decius Junius Silanus 

primus rogatus sententiam, quod eo tempore 

first being asked (his) opinion, because at that time 

erat consul designatus, decreverat supplicium 

he was consul elect, had decreed punishment 

sumendum 

to-be-inflicted [gave it as his opinion that punishment ought to be in- 

de his, qui tenehantur in custodiis ; et 

flicted] on those, who were detained in custodies; and 

prseterea de Lucio Cassio, Publio Furio, Publio 

moreover on Lucius Cassius, Publius Furius, Publius 

Umbreno, Quinto Annio, si deprehensi-forent : 

Umbrenus, Quiutus Annius, if they might have been apprehended: 

que is postea permotus 

[should they be apprehended] : and he afterwards affected 

oratione Caii Caesaris, dixerat se iturum 

by the speech of Caius Caesar, had said himself about-to-go 

pedibus 

on feet [that he was about to go into a division of the senate on the 

in sententiam Tiberii Neronis, 

question] (without a speech) into the opinion of Tiberius Nero, 

quod censuerat referendum 

because he had thought (it ought) to-be-referred (to the senate) 

de ea re, prjesidiis additis. 

concerning that thing, [for further investigation], guards being added. 

iSed Caesar, ubi 

[The prisoners being kept under guard]. ! But Caesar, when 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. T9 

ventiim-est ad eum, rogatus 

it was come to him (to his turn), having been asked (his) 

sententiam a consule, locutus-est verba 

opinion by the consul, spoke words 

hujuscemodi : 

of this-kind: ^ 

Conscript! patres, decet omnis (omnes) homines, 

Conscript fathers, it becomes all men, 

qui consultant de dubiis rebus, esse 

who deliberate-often concerning doubtful things, to be 

vacuos ab odio, amicitia;, ira;, atque misericordia;. 

free from hatred, friendship, anger, and pity. 

Animus baud facile providet verum, 

The mind (does) not easily foresees (perceives) true, (truth) 

ubi ilia officiunt: neque quisquam omnium 

where those [things] obstruct [it] : neither any-one of-all 

paruit lubidini et usui simul. Ubi 

has obeyed to lust (passion) and to utility at-the-same-time. When 

intenderis ingenium, valet ; si 

thou mayest have applied (you apply) the understanding, it prevails; if 

lubido possidet, ea dominatur, animus valet nihil. 

passion takes-possession, that rules, the mind prevails nothing. 

Conscripti patres, est mihi magna copia 

Conscript fathers, there is to me a great opportunity 

memorandi, qui reges aut qui populi 

of relating, [supply of examples], what kings or what peuplea 

impulsi ira, aut misericordia, consuluerint 

(people) impelled by anger or by pity, may have consulted 

{perf. sub.) male : sed malo dicere ea, 

(have consulted) badly : but I had-rather mention those (things), 

quae nostri majores fecere rect^ atque ordine 

which our ancestors have done rightly and in order 

contra lubidinem sui animi. Macedonico bello, 

against the passion of their mind. In the Macedonian war, 

quod gessimus cum rege Perse, magna atque 

which we carried-on with king Perses, the great and 

magnifica civitas Rhodiorum, quae creverat 

magnificent state of the Rhodians, which had increased 



80 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

opibus Romani populi, fuit infida atque advorsa 

by the resources of the Roman people, was faithless and adverse 

nobis ; sed postquam, bello confecto, consultum- 

to us : but after-that, the war having been finished, it was delibe- 

est de Rhodiis, nostri majores dimisere eos 

rated concerning the Rhodians, our ancestors dismissed them 

impunitos, ne quis diceret bellnm 

unpunished, lest any-one might say the war (to have been) 

inceptuiQ magis divitiarum, quam 

undertaken rather (on-account-of) of riches, than of (repelling) 

injurise. Item in omnibus Punicis bellis, cum 

injury. Likewise in all the Punic wars, when 

Cartbaginienses s?epe fecissent multa 

the Carthaginians [often] might have done (had done) many 

nefanda facinora et in pace et per inducias, 

abominable acts both in peace and through truces, 

ipsi nunquam fecere talia per occasionem; 

they never did such (things) through opportunity 

quaerebant magis quod foret 

[though opportunity offered] ; they did seek rather what might be 

dignum se, quam quod posset fieri jure 

worthy themselves, than what might to be done with right 

in illos. Conscripti patres, hoc est item providendum 

unto them. Conscript fathers, this is likewise to be-provided-for 

vobis, scelus Publii Lentuli et 

to (by) you, (that) the wickedness of Publius Lentulus and 

c9sterorum ne-valeat plus apud vos, quam 

the rest may not-prevail more among (with) you, than 

vestra dignitas, neu consulatis vestrse irae 

your-own dignity, nor (that) you may consult to your anger 

magis quam famse. Nam si digna poena 

more than to character. For if worthy punishment 

reperitur pro factis eorum, approbo novum consilium: 

is found for the deeds of them, I approve the new counsel: 

sin magnitudo sceleris exsuperat ingenia 

but-if the magnitude of the wickedness exceed the understandings 

omnium ; censeo utendum iis 

of all; I think to-use (we must-use) those (punishments). 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 81 

quse comparata-sunt legibus. Plerique eorum, qui 

■which have been provided by the laws. Most of those, who 

dixerimt sententias ante me, miserati-sunt 

have expressed (their) opinions before me, have bewailed 

casum reipublicse composite atque 

the misfortune of the republic elegantly (in fine language) and 

magnifice : enumeravere quae esset ssevitia belli : 

magnificently : they have enumerated what might be the cruelty of war : 

quae acciderent victis ; virgines, pueros rapi ; 

what might befall to the conquered; virgins, boys to be dragged-away; 

liberos divelli a complexu parentum ; matres 

children to be torn from the embrace of parents; mothers 

familiarum pati, quae collibuissent victoribus ; 

of families to suffer, what might have pleased to the conquerors; 

fana atque domes expoliari; csedem, incendia 

temples and houses to be pillaged; slaughter, burnings 

fieri; postremo, omnia compleri armis, 

to be made; lastly, all (places) to be filled with arms, 

cadaveribus, cruore, atque luctu. Sed, per 

dead-bodies, gore, and grief. But, by (in the name of) 

immortalis (immor tales) deos, quo ilia (Tratio 

the immortal gods, where that speech 

pertinuit ? An uti 

has tended? [what was the object of that speech]? "Whether that 

faceret vos infestos conjurationi ? Scilicet, oratio 

he might make you hostile to the conspiracy ? Forsooth, a speech 

accendet eum, quem tanta atque tarn atrox res 

shall inflame him, whom so-great and so heinous a thing 

non-permovit ! Est non ita : neque suae injurioe 

has not-aflFected ! It is not so : neither their-own injuries 

videntur parvse cuiquam mortalium : multi habuere 

seem small to any of mortals : many have had 

eas gravius sequo. Sed, conscripti 

(accounted) them more-severely (than) just. But, conscript 

patres, alia licentia est aliis. 

fathers, another (difference) license is to different (persons). 

Qui demissi 

[There is a difference in the freedom of action.] (They) who cast-down 



82 SALLUSTII CATILINA. ' 

agunt vitam in obscuro, si deliquere 

spend (their) life in obscure (obscurity), [if they] have offended 

quid, iracundia pauci sciunt : fama 

(in) any (thing) [by anger] few know (it) : the fame 

atque fortuna eorum sunt pares : cuncti mortales 

and fortune of them are equal: all mortals 

novere facta eorum qui, praediti magno 

have known (know) the deeds of those who, endowed with great 

imperio, agunt setatem in excelso. Ita 

authority, spend (their) life in lofty (station). Thus 

minuma licentia est in maxuma fortuna. 

the least license [of action] is in the greatest fortune. 

Decet neque studere, neque odisse, sed 

It becomes neither to favour, neither to have hated (to hate), but 

minum^ irasci. Ea quae dicitur iracundia apud 

least-of-all to-be-angry. That which is called anger amongst 

alios, appellatur superbia atque crudelitas in 

others (some), is called pride and cruelty in 

imperio. Equidem, conscripti patres, ego sic existumo 

authority. Indeed, conscript fathers, I thus think 

omnis cruciatus esse minores qu^m facinora illorum. 

all tortures to be less than the crimes of them. 

Sed plerique mortales meminere postrema, 

But most mortals have remembered (remember) the last 

et obliti sceleris eorum, disserunt 

(occurrences), and having forgotten the crime of them, discuss 

de poena in impiis hominibus, si ea 

of punishment in (the case of) impious men, if it 

fuerit paulo severior. ' Scio cert^ 

may liave been a little more-severe (too-severe). I know surely 

Decium Silanum, fortem atque strenuum virum, 

Decius Silanus, a brave and strenuous man, 

dixisse, quae dixerit {perf. sub.) studio reipublicae: 

to have said, what he may have said (has said) from zeal for the republic : 

neque ilium exercere gratiam 

neither him to exercise [that he neither exercised] favour 

aut inimicitias tanta re : cognovi eos 

ot enmities in so-great a thing : I have known these (to be) 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 83 

mores, earn modestiam viri. Yerum sententia 

the principles, that the moderation of the man. But the opinion 

ejus videtur mihi non criidelis (enim quid potest 

of him seems to me not cruel (for what can 

fieri crudele in talis (tales) homines ?) sed aliena 

be done cruel against such men ?) but foreign 

k nostr^ republica. Nam profecto, 

(averse) from our republic (constitution). For indeed, 

Silane, aut metus aut injuria subegit te consulem 

Silane, either fear or injury compelled thee a consul 

designatum, decernere novum genus poense. Est 

elect, to decree a new kind of punishment. It is 

STipervacaneum disserere de timore, cum tanta 

useless to discuss concerning fear, when so-great 

prsesidia sint in armis praesenti dillgentia 

guards may be (are) in - arms by the prompt diligence 

clarissimi viri, consulis. Equidem possum dicere 

of a most-renowned man, the consul. Indeed lean say 

id de poena;, quod res habet : 

that of punishment, which the thing has (imports) : [that] 

mortem esse requiem serumnarum, non 

death to be [is] a rest of (from) toils, not 

cruciatum, in luctu atque miseriis ; eam 

a torture, in grief and miseries ; [that] it (death) 

dissolvere cuncta mala mortalium ; locum 

to dissolve [dissolves] all [the] evils of mortals ; a place 

esse ultra neque 

to be beyond (it) neither [that there is no place beyond it either] 

curae neque gaudio. Sed per 

for care neither [or] joy. But by (in the name of) 

immortalis (immortales) deos, quamobrem addidisti 

the immortal gods, why hast thou added 

non in sententiam, uti animadverteretur prius in 

not to the opinion, that it might be animadverted before against 

eos verberibus ? An, quia 

them (they should be the first punished) with stripes ? Whether, because 

Porcia lex vetat ? At aliae leges item jubent vitam 

the Porcian law forbids ? But other laws also order life 



84 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

non eripi condemnatis civibus, sed exsilium 

not be snatched from condemned citizens, but exile 

permitti. An quia est gravius verberari quam 

to be allowed. "Whether because it is severer to be scourged than 

necari? Autem quid est acerbum aut 

to be put-to-death? But what is bitter or 

nimis grave in homines convictos tanti facinoris ? 

too severe against m-en convicted of so-great a crime ? 

Sin, quia est levius, qui convenit 

But-if, because it is more-light (too light), by what (how) is-it-consistent 

observare legem in minore negotio, cum neg- 

to observe the law in a less business, when thou mayest 

lexeris (perf. suh.) earn in majore? At, 

have-neglected it in a greater? But, (some will say) 

enim quis reprebendat quod 

[why all this debate] for who may reprove what 

decretum-erit in parricidas reipublicae ? 

shall have been decreed against the parricides of the republic? (I answer), 

Tempus, dies, fortuna, lubido cujus 

time, days (occasion), fortune, the pleasure (caprice) of which 

moderatur gentibus. Quidquid evenerit, acci- 

rules to nations. Whatsoever shall have occurred, will hap- 

det merito illis : caeteriim, conscripti patres, 

pen deservedly to them : but [for the rest], conscript fathers, 

vos-considerate quid statuatis in alios. Omnia 

consider-ye what you may resolve against others. All 

mala exempla orta-sunt ex bonis initiis : sed ubi 

bad examples have arisen from good beginnings : but when 

imperium pervenit ad ignaros, aut minus bonos, 

authority comes to the ignorant, or less good, 

illud novum exemplum transfertur ab dignis 

that new example (precedent) is transferred from the worthy 

et idoneis, ad indignos et non-idoneos. Lacedaemonii, 

and fit, to the unworthy and unfit. The Lacedemonians, 

Atbeniensibus devictis, imposuere triginta 

the Athenians having been conquered, placed-over (them) thirty 

viros, qui tractarent rempublicam. Hi primo coepere 

men, who might manage the republic. These at-first began 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 85 

necare quemque pessumum et in visum omnibus, 

to put-to-death every-one most-base and odious to all, 

indemnatum : populus lastari eo, et dicere 

uncondemned: the people (began) to rejoice in that, and to say 

fieri merito. Post ubi licentia crevit, 

(it) to be done deservedly. After when misrule increased, 

paulatim interficere bonos et malos lubi- 

[by degrees] (they began) to kill the good and bad capri- 

dinos^, terrere cseteros metu. Ita civitas, oppressa 

ciously, to affright others by fear. Thus tho state, oppressed 

servitute, dedit poenas stultse l^etitise. Cum 

by slavery, gave punishments of foolish gladness. When 

victor Sulla, nostra, memoria, jussit Damasippum 

the conqueror Sylla, in our memory, ordered Damasippus 

et alios hujusmodi, qui creverant malo 

and others of this kind, who had increased by the misfortune 

reipublicse jugulari, quis laudabat non factum 

of the republic to be strangled, who did praise not the deed 

ejus? Aiebant, scelestos et factiosos homines, 

of him ? They did say, wicked and factious men, 

qui exagitaverant rempubllcam seditionibus 

who had harassed the republic by seditions (to be) 

merito necatos. Sed ea res fuit initium magnae 

deservedly put-to-death. But that thing was the beginning of great 

cladis. Namque uti quisque concupiverat domum 

Elaughter. For as every-one had desired a house 

aut villam, postremo aut vas aut vestimentum 

or a villa, finally either the vase (plate) or clothing 

alicujus, dabat operam, ut is esset in 

of any-one, he did give exertion, that that (person) should be in 

numero proscriptorum. Ita illi, quibus mors 

the number of the proscribed. Thus they, to whom the death 

Damasippi fuerat Isetitiae, ipsi trahebantur 

of Damasippus had been for gladness, themselves were dragged 

paulo post, neque fuit finis jugulandi, 

(to execution) a little after, neither was an end of strangling, 

priusquam Sulla explevit omnes suos 

before-that Sylla tilled all his-own (friends) 



86 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

divitiis. Atque ego vereor non hoc in Marco Tullio, 

with riches. And I fear not this in Marcus Tullius, 

neque his temporibus. Secl multa et varia 

neither in these times. But many and various 

ingenia sunt in magna civitate. Aliquid falsum 

dispositions are in a great state. Some (thing) false 

potest credi pro vero, alio tempore, 

can to be believed for true, in another time, (under) 

alio consule, cui item exercitus sit in manu. 

another consul, to whom also an army may be in hand 

Ubi consul eduxerit gladium per 

[entrusted]. When the consul shall have drawn the sword by 

decretum senatus, hoc exemplo, quis statuet 

a decree of the senate, from this precedent, who shall assign 

finem illi, aut quis moderabitur ? Conscripti 

a limit to him, or who shall restrain (him) ? Conscript 

patres, nostri majores neque unquam eguere consilii 

fathers, our ancestors neither ever wanted of counsel 

neque audacise : neque superbia obstabat, quo 

nor of boldness : neither pride did oppose, that 

minus-imitarentur aliena instituta, si modo 

they would less-imitate (not imitate) foreign institutes, if only 

erant proba. Sumpserunt arma atque militaria 

they were good. They took arms and military 

tela ab Samnitibus : pleraque insignia magis- 

weapons from the Samnites : most ensigns of magis- 

tratuum ab Tuscis : postremo exsequebantur 

trates from the Tuscans : finally they practised 

summo studio domi, quod videbatur idoneum 

with the utmost zeal at home, what did seem fit 

ubique apud socios aut hostis 

[and best for their use] every-where among allies or enemies : 

(hostes): malebant imitari, quam invidere bonis. 

they had-rather to imitate, than to envy to the good. 

Sed imitati 

[They preferred imitating to envying what was good.] But having imitated 

morem Graecise illo eodem tempore, animadvertebant 

the custom of Greece in that same time, they did animadvert 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 87 

verberibus in civis (cives), sumebant 

(punish) with stripes against citizens they did take 

summum supplicium de condemnatis. Postquam 

the utmost punishment of the condemned. After 

respublica adolevit, et factiones valuere 

the republic grew-up (flourished), and factions prevailed 

multitudine civium, innocentes coepere circumveniri, 

by the multitude of citizens, the innocent began to be beset, 

alia hujusmodi fieri : tunc Porcia lex, que 

other (things) of this kind to be done : then the Porcian law, and 

alise leges, paratae-sunt, quibus legibus exsilium 

other laws, were prepared, by which laws exile 

permissum-est damnatis. Conscripti patres, ego 

was allowed to the condemned. Conscript fathers, I 

puto banc causam in-primis magnam, quo 

think this reason particularly great, in-order-that 

minus-capiamus novum consilium. 

we may less (not) take a new counsel, [Deviate from the counsel 

Profecto, virtus atque sapientia 

and usages of our forefathers.] Indeed, virtue and wisdom 

fuit major in illis, qui fecere imperium tantum 

has been greater in those, who have made the government so-great 

ex par vis opibus quam in nobis, qui vix retinemus 

from small resources than in us, who scarcely retain 

ea ben^ parta. Igitur placet eos 

those (things) well acquired. Therefore does it please (me) them 

dimitti, et exercitum Catilinse augeri? 

to be dismfssed, and the army of Catiline to be increased? 

Minume : sed censeo ita : pecunias eorum 

By-no-means: but I think thus: the moneys (property) of them 

publicandas, ipsos habendos in vinculis per 

to-be-confiscated, themselves to-be-kept in bonds through 

municipia, quae maxume-valent opibus, neu 

the municipal-towns, which are-most-strong in resources, nor 

quis postea referat ad senatum, 

any-one afterwards may refer to the senate [nor may any one here- 

neve agat cum 

after refer their case to the senate], nor may act (treat) with 



88 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

populo de Ms : senatum existumare eum, qui 

the people concerning them : the senate to think him, who 

fecerit aliter, facturum contra rempublicam et 

shall have done otherwise, about-to-do against the republic and 

salutem omnium, 

the safety of all. 

Postquam Caesar fecit finem dicendl, caeteri 

After Caesar made an end of speaking, the others 

assentiebantur varie verbo, alius alii. 

did assent variously in word, another (one) to another. 

[The others gave merely their verbal assent variously to the opinion of 

At Marcus Porcius Cato 

each of those who bad spoken.] But Marcus Porcius Cato 

rogatus sententiam, habuit orationem 

being asked (his) opinion, had (delivered) a speech 

hujuscemodi. 

of-this-kind. 

Conscripti patres, mens longe alia est mihi, 

Conscript fathers, a mind far other (different) is to me, 

ciim considero res atque nostra pericula, et cum 

when I consider things and our dangers, and when 

ipse reputo mecum sententias nonnullorum. 

(I my) self revolve with me the opinions of some. 

Illi videntur mihi disseruisse de poena eorum, 

They seem to me to have discussed of the punishment of those, 

qui paravere bellum patriae, parentibus, 

who have prepared war to (against their) country, parents, 

suis aris atque focis : autem res monet magis 

their altars and hearths : but the thing advises rather 

cavere ab illis, quam consultare, quid statuamus 

to beware from them, than to deliberate, what we may determine 

in illos. Nam persequare alia maleficia 

against them. For thou mayest persecute (punish) other crimes 

turn, ubi facta-sunt : nisi provideris, ne 

then, when they have been done : unless thou shalt have provided, lest 

hoc accidat, implores judicia frustra, ubi 

this may happen, thou mayest implore judgments in-vain, when 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 89 

evenit. Urbe capta:, nihil reliqiii 

it has happened. The city having been taken, nothing of remaining 

fit victis. Sed per 

is made (nothing is left) to the vanquished. But by (in the name of) 

immortalis (immortales) Deos, ego appello vos, qui 

the immortal Gods, I address you, who 

semper fecistis pluris vestras domos, 

always have made of more (have valued more) your houses, 

villas, signa, tabulas, quam rempublicam : si vultis 

villas, statues, pictures, than the republic : if you will 

retinere ista cujuscumque modi sint, quse 

to retain these (things), of whatever kind they may be, which 

amplexamini ; si praebere otium 

you embi-ace ; [are so fond of] if [you wish] to afford leisure 

vestris voluptatibus ; aliquando expergiscimini, 

to your pleasures; sometime (at length) arouse, 

et capessite rempublicam. Non-agitur 

and take-in-hand [and defend] the republic. It is not acted 

de vectigalibus, non de injuriis 

(we are not treating) of taxes, not of the injuries 

sociorum : nostra libertas et anima est in dubio. 

of allies : our liberty and life is in a doubtful 

Conscripti patres, ssepenumero feci miilta 

(state). Conscript fathers, oftentimes I have made many 

verba in hoc ordine : 

words in this order (house): [I have often spoken in the senate:] 

saepe questus-sum de luxuria atque avariti^ 

often I have complained of the luxury and avarice 

nostrorura civium : que habeo multos mortalis (mortales) 

of our citizens : and have many mortals 

adversos ea causa : qui fecissem 

adverse (to me) from that account: (I) who might have made (had made) 

unquam gratiam nullius delicti mihi atque meo 

ever indulgence of no fault to myself and to my 

animo, haud 

mind, [I who never granted indulgence to myself for a fault,] not 

facil^ Condon abam male-facta lubidini alterius. 

easily did pardon bad-deeds to the passion of another. 

8* 



90 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

Sed tametsi vos pendebatis ea parvi, 

But although you did esteem those (things) of little (consequence), 

tamen respublica erat firma : opulentia tolerabat 

yet the republic Tvas strong : opulence did support 

negligentiam. Yero nunc id agitur non, ne 

negligence. But [now] that is treated not, whether 

vivamus bonis an malis moribus; neque 

we may live (we live) with good or bad morals ; neither 

quantum aut quam magnificum imperium Romani 

how-great or how magnificent the government of the Roman 

populi sit ; sed an lisec, cujuscumque modi 

people may-be; but whether these (things), of whatever kind 

videntur, sint futura nostra, an una nobis-cum, 

they appear, may-be about-to-be ours, or together with-us, 

bostium. 

of (belonging to) the enemies. [Whether all these things may belong to 

Quisquam 

us, or together with ourselves belong to the enemy]. (Does) any-one 

Mc nominat mibi mansuetudinem et misericordiam ? 

here name [to me] mildness and mercy ? 

Jampridem equidem amisimus vera vocabula rerum; 

Long-since indeed we have lost the true titles of things; 

quia largiri aliena bona vocatur liberalitas ; 

because to bestow another's goods is called liberality; 

audacia malarum rerum, fortitude; eo 

boldness of (in) bad things, fortitude; therefore 

respublica est sita in extreme. Quoniam 

the republic is situate in extreme (danger). Since 

mores habent se ita, sint sane liberales 

manners have themselves so, let (them) be indeed liberal 

ex fortunis sociorum; sint misericordes 

out-of the fortunes of (our) allies; let (them) be compassionate 

in furibus serarii: ne illis largiantur 

towards the thieves of the treasury : not to them may they bestow 

nostrum sanguinem, 

our blood, [let them only not bestow our blood on them], 

et dum parcunt paucis (dat.) sceleratis, eant 

and whilst they spare a few wicked (men), they may go 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 91 

perditum omnis (omnes) bonos. Caius Caesar 

to destroy all the good. Caius Caisar 

disseruit paulo ante, in hoc ordine, bene et 

has discussed a little before, in this order (house), well and 

composite de vita et morte; credo, existumans 

elegantly about life and death ,■ I believe, thinking 

ea falsa, quae memorantur de inferis, 

those (things) false, which are related of the low (regions), [that] 

males habere tetra, inculta, foeda, atque 

the bad to have (inhabit) noisome, waste, filthy, [and] 

formidolosa loca, diverso itinere h bonis. 

dreadful places, in a different way (direction) from the good. 

Itaque censuit pecunias eorum 

Therefore he has decided the moneys (property) of them 

publicandas, ipsos habendos in custodiis 

to-be-confiscated, themselves to-be-kept in custodies (prison) 

per municipia ; videlicet, ne, si sint Eomse, 

through the municipal-towns J forsooth, lest, if they may be at Rome, 

eripiantur per vim, aut h popularibus 

they may be rescued through force, either by the accomplices 

conjurationis, aut a conducta multitudine. Quasi 

of the conspiracy, or by a hired multitude. As-if 

vero mali atque scelesti sint (sub.) tantummodo 

indeed bad and wicked (men) may be (are) only 

in urbe, et non per totam Italiam ; aut 

in the city, and not through the whole Italy ; or 

audacia non-possit plus ibi, ubi sunt 

boldness may not-be able (to do) more there, where (there) are 

minores opes ad-defendendum. Quare 

less resources to-defend [means of defence]. Wherefore 

equidem hoc consilium est vanum, si metuit periculum 

indeed this advice is vain, if he fears danger 

ex illis. Sin solus timet non in tanto metu 

from them. But-if (he) alone fears not in so-great fear 

omnium, refert me timere magis mihi, atque 

of all, it concerns me to fear the more for me, and 

vobis. Quare cum statuetis de Publio 

for you. Wherefore when you shall determine concerning Publius 



92 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

Lentulo que cseteris ; habetote pro certo, vos 

Lentulus and the others; have (it) for certain, [that] you 

simul decernere de exercitu Catilinse, 

at-the-same-time to decree [decree] concerning the army of Catiline, 

et de omnibus conjuratis. Quanto 

and concerning all the conspirators. By how-much 

attentius agetis ea, tanto 

the more-attentively (vigorously) you shall do those (things), by so-much 

animus erit infirmior illis : si viderint 

mind (spirit) shall be weaker to them : if they shall have seen 

VOS languere modo paululum, aderunt feroces. 

you to languish only a-little, they will be-present fierce. 

[The more vigorously you act, the more you will dispirit them ; the more 

Nolite 

remissly you act, the more you will encourage them.] Be-unwilling 

existumare nostros majores fecisse rem- 

to think [that] our ancestoi's to have made [made] the re- 

publicam magnam ex parva armis. Si 

public great from (being) small by arms [alone]. If 

res esset {imp. sub.) ita, nos haberemus earn 

the thing might be (were) so, we might have it 

multo puicberrumam : quippe major copia 

by-much the most-fair (splendid) : for a greater abundance 

sociorum at que civium, prseterea armorum atque 

of allies and of citizens, moreover of arms and 

equorum, est nobis quam illis. Sed alia 

of horses, is to us than to them [our ancestors]. But other 

fuere, quae fecere illos magnos, quae sunt 

(things) were, which made them great, which are 

nulla nobis : industria domi ; 

none to us [which we have not] : industry of (at) home; 

justum imperium foris ; animus liber in consulendo ; 

just government abroad; a mind free in deliberating; 

neque obnoxius delicto, neque lubidini. Pro bis 

neither subservient to crime, nor to passion. Instead-of these 

nos babemus luxuriam atque avaritiam: egestatem 

we have luxury and avarice: want 



SALLUSTII CATILIXA. 93 

public^, opulentlam privatim: laudamus divitlas, 

publicly, opulence privately: we praise riches, 

sequimur inertiam : nullum discrimen inter 

we follow sloth : (we make) no difference between 

bonos et malos ; ambitlo possidet omnia praemia 

the good and the bad; ambition possesses all the rewards 

virtutis. Neque mirum, ubi vos capitis consilium 

of virtue. Nor (is it) wonderful, when you take counsel 

separatim, quisque sibi; ubi domi servitis 

separately, every one for himself; when at home you are-slaves 

voluptatibus, bic pecuniae aut gratiae ; eo fit, 

to pleasures, here to money or to interest; therefore it is made 

ut impetus fiat in vacuam 

(happens), that an attack maybe made against the empty (defenceless) 

rempublicam. Sed ego omitto baec. Nobilis- 

republic. But I omit these (things). Most- 

sumi cives conjuravere incendere patriam ; 

noble citizens have conspired to burn (their) country; 

arcessunt ad bellum gentem Gallorum, infestis- 

they invite to war the nation of the Gauls, most- 

sumam Romano nomini; dux bostium est 

hostile to the Roman name: the leader of the enemies is 

supra caput cnm exercitu: Yos 

over head (is close at hand) with an army : (Do) you 

etiam nunc cunctamini et dubitatis, quid faciatis 

even now hesitate and doubt, what you may do 

bostibus deprebensis intra moenia? Censeo mise- 

to enemies apprehended within the walls ? I suppose you may 

reamini; adolescentuli bomines deliquere per 

pity (them) ; the very-young men have erred through 

ambitionem : atque dimittatis etiam armatos ! 

ambition: and you may dismiss (them) even armed! 

Nae ista mansuetudo et misericordia vertet in 

Truly that mildness and mercy will turn into 

miseriam vobis, si illi ceperint arma. Scilicet, 

ruin to you, if they shall have taken arms. Forsooth, 

res ipsa est aspera, sed vos timetis non 

the thing itself is haxsh [dangerous], but you fear not 



94 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

enm ! Immo, vero maxume ; sed expectantes, alius 

it! Nay, indeed very-much; but awaiting, one 

alium, cunctamini inertia et mollitia animi, 

another, you hesitate froEQ indolence and effeminacy of mind, 

videlicet confisi immortalibus diis, qui ssepe servavere 

forsooth trusting to the immortal gods, who often have preserved 

hanc rempublicam in maxumis periculis. Auxilia 

this republic in the greatest dangers. The aids 

deorum parantur non votis, neque muliebribus 

of the gods are procured not by vows, nor womanish 

suppliciis ; omnia cedunt prosper^ vigi- 

supplications ; all (things) yield (occur) prosperously by watch- 

lando, agendo, consulendo ben^. Implores 

ing, by acting, by consulting well. Thou mayest implore 

deos nequicquam, ubi ^ tradideris {perf. sub.) 

the gods in-vain, when thou mayest have (hast) delivered 

te socordise atque ignavise : sunt 

thee to heartlessness (slothfulness) and indolence : they are 

irati que infesti. Apud nostros majores Aulus 

angry and hostile. Among our ancestors Aulus 

Manlius Torquatus jussit filium necari 

Manlius Torquatus ordered (his) son to be put- to -death 

Gallico belio, quod is pugnaverat in hostem 

in the Gallic war, ^ because he had fought against an enemy 

contra imperium : atque ille egregius adolescens dedit 

against order: and that excellent young-man gave 

poenas morte immoderatse fortitudinis. 

(suffered) punishments by death of (for his) excessive bravery. 

Vos-cunctamini, quid statuatis de crudelissumis 

Do you-hesitate, what you may resolve concerning the most-cruel 

parricidis ? Videlicet csetera vita eorum obstat 

parricides ? Forsooth the rest (former) life of them opposes 

huic sceleri ! Verum parcite dignitati Lentuli, 

(excuses) to this wickedness ! But spare to the dignity of Lentulus, 

si ipse pepercit unquam pudicitiae, si suae famge, 

if he has spared ever to chastity, if to his-own character, 

si ullis diis aut hominibus. Ignoscite adolescentise 

if to any gods or to men. Pardon to the youth 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 95 

Cethegi, nisi fecit jam iterum bellum 

of Cethegus, unless be has made already again war (against his) 

patriae. Nam quid ego-loquar de Gabinio, Statilio, 

country. For what shall-I-speak of Gabinius, Statilius, 

Csepario, quibus si quidquam pensi fuisset 

Caeparius, to whom if any of consideration might have been 

(plup. suh.) unquam, habuissent non 

(had been) ever, they might have held not (had not held) 

ea consilia de republica ? 

those counsels concerning the republic ? [Who, if they ever had any 
reflection, would not have entertained those designs against the republic] 

PostremOj conscripti patres, si locus esset 

Lastly, conscript fathers, if place might be (if there were 

peccato, mebercule, facile-paterer vos corrigi 

room) for error, [by Hercules,] I would easily-suffer you to be corrected 

re ipsa, quoniam contemnitis verba. Sed 

by the thing itself, since you despise words. But 

sumus circumventi undique ; Catilina urget 

we are beset on-every-side : Catiline presses to (our) 

faucibus cum exercitu : alii hostes sunt intra 

jaws (closely) with an army : other enemies are within 

moenia, atque in sinu urbis. Neque potest 

the walls, and in the bosom of the city. Neither can 

quidquam parari neque consuli occulte : quo 

any (thing) be prepared nor be consulted secretly: wherefore 

est properandum magis. 

it is to-be-hastened the more. [Wherefore speedy action is required.] 

Quare ego ita censeo. Cum respublica venerit 

Therefore I thus determine. Since the republic may have come 

{perf. suh.) in maxuma pericula nefario consilio 

(has come) into the greatest dangers by the horrible counsels 

sceleratorum civium ; que hi convicti-smt {j^erf. suh.) 

of wicked citizens; and these may have been convicted 

indicio Titi Yulturcii, et legatorum Allo- 

by the information of Titus Vulturcius, and of the ambassadors oftheAl- 

brogum, que confessi-(^sint) {perf. suh.) paravisse 

lobroges, and may have confessed to have prepared 



yt5 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

c^dem, incendia, que alia foeda atque crudelia 

murder, burnings, and other abominable and cruel 

facinora in civis (cives) que patriam ; 

crimes against (their) citizens and country; (that) 

supplicium sumendum, more majorum, de 

punishment be-taken, by the custom of (our) ancestors, of 

confessis, sicuti de manifestis 

(on those) having confessed, as of (those) manifest (clearly 

capitalium rerum." 

convicted) of capital things (crimes)." 

I Postquam Cato assedit, omnes consulares, 

After Cato sat-down, all the consular (men), 

que item magna pars senatus, laudant sententiam 

and also a great part of the senate, praise the opinion 

ejus ; ferunt virtutem animi ad coelum : 

of him ; bear (extol) the virtue of (his) mind to heaven : 

alii increpantes vocant alios timidos : Cato habetur 

others chiding call others fearful : Cato is had 

clarus atque magnus: decretum senati 

(accounted) renowned and great: a decree of the senate 

fit, sicut ille censuerat. Sed fort^ lubuit 

is made, as he had determined. But by chance it has pleased 

mihi, legenti multa, audienti multa praeclara facinora, 

to me, reading many, hearing many illustrious exploits, 

quae Romanus populus fecit domi que militise, 

which the Roman people has done at-home and at war 

mari atque terra, attendere, quae res 

(abroad), by sea and by land, to consider, what thing 

sustinuisset maxume tanta negotia. Sciebam 

might have sustained chiefly so-great affair. I did know 

ssepenumero contendisse parva; manu cum 

(them) oftentimes to have contended with a small band with 

magnis legionibus hostium : cognoveram bella gesta 

great legions of enemies : I have known wars carried-on 

parvis copiis cum opulentis regibus : 

[by them] with small forces with opulent (powerful) kings: 

ad hoc S9epe toleravisse 

(add) to this [that they] often to have borne [have sustained] 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. . 97 

violentiam fortunas : Grsecos fuisse ante 

the violence of fortune: [that] the Greeks to have been [were] before 

Romanos facundia, Gallos gloria; belli. Ac 

the Romans in eloquence, the Gauls in the glory of war. And 

constabat mihi, agitanti multa egregiam 

it was evident to me, discussing many (things), [that] the singular 

virtutem paucorum civium patravisse cuncta ; 

virtue of a few citizens to have performed [performed] all 

que factum eo, uti paupertas 

(things) ; and (it was) done (came to pass) by that, that poverty 

superaret (imp. suh.) divitias, paucitas multitudinem. 

might overcome (overcame) riches, fewness multitude. 

Sed postquam civitas corrupta-est luxu atque 

But after the state was corrupted by luxury and 

desidia, respublica sustentabat rursus vitia 

by inactivity, the republic did support again the vices of (its) 

imperatorum atque magistratuum sua; magnitudine ; 

generals and magistrates from its-own greatness; 

ac sicuti parente effeta, san^ baud quisquam 

and as-if the parent (having been) worn-out, indeed not any-one 

magnus virtute fuit Romse multis tempestatibus. 

great in virtue has been at Rome for many seasons (periods). 

Sed fuere mea memoria duo viri, Marcus Cato 

But (there) were in my memory two men, Marcus Cato 

et Caius Caesar, ingenti virtute, diversis moribus, 

and Caius Caesar, with (of) great virtue, with different manners, 

quos quoniam res obtulerat, fuit non 

•whom since the thing (the subject) has presented, it has been not 

consilium prseterire silentio, quin aperirem 

(my) design to pass-by in silence, but (that) I might disclose 

naturam et mores utriusque, quantum possem 

the nature and manners of each, as-much-as Imight be-able 

ingenio. Igitur genus, aetas, eloquentia fuere prop^ L- 

by ability. Therefore extraction, age, eloquence were nearly 

sequalia bis ; magnitude animi par, item 

equal to these ; (their) greatness of mind equal, likewise (their) 

gloria, sed alia alii. Caesar 

glory, but other (dififerent) to the other (to each). Caesar 

9 



98 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

habebatur magnns beneficiis ac munificentia ; 

■was had (accounted) great by kindnesses and munificence; 

Cato integritate vitse. Ille f actus clarus 

Cato by integrity of life. He (the former) (was) made renowned 

mansuetudine et misericordia ; severitas addiderat 

by mildness and by compassion; severity had added 

dignitatem buic. Caesar adeptus-est gloriam 

dignity to this (the latter). Caesar obtained glory 

dando, sublevando, ignoscendo ; Cato largiundo nibil. 

by giving, by relieving, by pardoning; Cato by bestowing nothing. 

Perfugium miseris in altero pernicies 

A refuge to the wretched (was) in the other (one), destruction 

malis in altero. Facilitas illius, 

to the bad in the other. The easiness (of access) of that (the former), 

constantia bujus laudabatur. Postremo, Caesar 

the constancy of this (the latter) was praised. Finally, Caesar 

induxerat in animum laborare, vigilare, 

had induced into (his) mind (had resolved) to labour, to watch, 

intentus negotiis amicorum, negligere su^, 

intent to (on) the affairs of friends, to neglect his-own, 

denegare nibil, quod esset [imp. sub.) dignum dono ; 

to deny nothing, which might be (was) worthy a gift; 

exoptabat sibi magnum imperium, exercitum, novum 

he did wish for himself great command, an army, a new 

bellum, ubi virtus posset enitescere. At 

■war, -where (his) valour might be-able to shine-forth. But 

studium modestiae, decoris, sed maxume severitatis, 

a zeal of (for) moderation, of propriety, but chiefly of strictness, 

erat Catoni. Certabat non cum divite divitiis, neque 

■was to Cato. He did contend not with the rich in riches, neither 

cum factioso factione ; sed cum strenuo virtute, 

■with the factious in faction; but with the strenuous in virtue, 

cum modesto pudore, cum innocente abstinentia: 

with the modest in modesty, with the innocent in abstinence 

malebat esse bonus qu^m videri ; ita, 

[andpurity] ; he had-rather to be good than to seem (so) ; thus, 

quo minus petebat gloriam, eo magis 

by what (how much) less he did eoek glory, by that the more 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 99 

adsequebatiir. Postquam, uti dixi, senatus dis- L-^ 

it did attend (him). After, as I have said, the senate de- 

cessit in sententiam Catonis : consul ratus 

parted into [adopted] the opinion of Cato : the consul having deemed 

optumum factu antecapere noctem, quae instabat, 

(it) best to be done to anticipate the night, which did press-ou 

ne quid novaretur eo 

lest any (thing) might be renewed (might be changed) in that 

spatio, jubet triumviros par are, qu?e 

space [of time], orders the triumviri (sheriffs) to prepare, what 

supplicium postulabat ; ipse, praesidiis dispositis, 

the punishment did require; he, the guards having been arranged, 

deducit Lentulum in carcerem ; idem fit casteris 

leads-down Lentulus into prison; the same is done to the rest 

per praetores. Est locus in carcere, quod 

by the pretors. There is a place in the prison, which 

appellatur Tullianum, depressus circiter duodecim 

is called Tullianum, sunk about twelve 

pedes humi, ubi ascenderis paululum 

feet of (in) the ground, where thou shalt have ascended a little 

ad laevam. Parietes atque camera insuper, vincta 

to the left. Walls and a vault from-ubove, bound 

lapideis fornicibus, muniunt eum undique: sed 

by stone arches, secure it on-every-side: but 

facies ejus est foeda atque terribilis incultu, 

the appearance of it is filthy and terrible from dirt 

tenebris, odore. Postquam Lentulus 

[from neglect], darkness, [and] stench. After-that Lentulus 

demissus in eum locum, vindices capitalium 

(was) sent-down into that place, the avenger of capital 

rerum, quibus prgeceptura-erat, fregere 

things (executioner), to whom it had been commanded, broke (his) 

gulam laqueo. Ita ille patricius ex 

throat with a rope [strangled him]. Thus that patrician of 

clarissima, gente Corneliorum, qui habuerat 

the most-renowned nation (family) of the Cornelii, who had bad 

consulare imperium Romse, invenit exitum vitse 

the consular authority of (at) Rome, found an end of life 



100 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

dignum suis moribus que factis. Snppllcium 

worthy his manners and deeds. Punishment 

sumptum-est eodem modo de Cethego, Statilio 

was-takea in the same manner of (on) Cethegus, Statilius, 

Gabinio, Cepario. 

Gabinius, Ceparius. 

Dum ea geruntur Romse, Catilina 

Whilst those (things) are carried-on at Rome, Catiline 

instituit duas legiones ex omni copia, quam ipse 

formed two legions out-of all the force, which he 

adduxerat, et Manlius habuerat; 

had led [had brought with him], and Manlius had bad ; 

complet cohortes pro numero militum ; 

he fiUs-up the cohorts aecording-to (his) number of soldiers ; 

dein uti quisque voluntarius, aut ex sociia 

afterwards as each volunteer, or [those] out-of the allies 

venerat in castra, distribuerat sequaliter ; ac 

had come into the camp, be had distributed (them) equally ; and 

expleverat legiones numero hominum brevi spatio ; 

he had fiUed-up the legions with the number of men in a short space 

cum non-habuisset 

(of time) J when (whereas) be might not have had (he had not) 

initio amplius duobus millibus. Sed circiter 

in the beginning more (than) two thousand. But about 

quarta pars ex omni copia instructa-erat militaribus 

a fourth part out-of all the force bad been furnished with military 

armis ; caeteri, ut casus armaverat quemque, portabant 

arms ; ike rest, as chance had armed each, did carry 

sparos aut lanceas, alii prseacutas sudes. Sed 

javelins or lances, some sharp-pointed stakes. But 

postquam Antonius adventabat cum exercitu, Catilina 

after-that Antony did approach with an army, Catiline 

facere iter per montes : modo 

(began) to make (his) march through (over) the mountains : now 

movere castra ad urbem, modo versus in Galliam; 

to move (his) camps to the city, now towards into Gaul; 

non dare occasionem pugnandi hostibus. 

not to give [be did not give an] opportunity of fighting to the enemies. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 101 

Sperabat se habiturum propediem magnas copias, 

He did hope himself about-to-have shortly great forces, 

si socii patravissent incepta Romae. 

if (his) companions might have executed (their) undertakings at Rome. 

Interea, fretus opibus conjurationis, repudiabat 

Mean-time, relying to (on) the resources of the conspiracy, he did reject 

servitia, emus magnae copiae concurrebant 

slaveries (slaves), of miich great forces (numbers) did run-together 

ad eum initio ; simul videri 

to him in the beginning; at-the-same-time (thinking it) to seem 

alienum suis rationibus, communicasse causam civium 

foreign to his purposes, to have shared the cause of citizens 

cum fugitivis servis. Sed postquam nuncius pervenit L ^ 

•with fugitive slaves. But after-that a messenger arrived 

in castra, conjurationem patefactam 

into the camps, [that] the conspiracy (to be) laid-open [was dia- 

Romae ; supplicium sumptum de 

covered] at Rome ; [that] punishment [was] taken of (on) 

Lentulo et Cethego, que caeteris, quos memoravi 

Lentulus and Cethegus, and the others, whom I have mentioned 

supra; plerique, quos spes rapinarum, aut studium 

above; many, whom the hope of rapines, or zeal 

novarum rerum, illexerat, dilabuntur : Catilina 

of new things (change), had allured, slip-away : Catiline 

abducit reliquos, magnis itineribus per asperos 

leads-oflF the rest, by great marches through rugged 

montis (montes), in Pistoriensem agrum, eo consilio, 

mountains, into the Pistorian land, with this design, 

uti profugeret occulte per tramites in Galliam. At 

that he might escape secretly by by-ways into Gaul. But 

Quintus Metellus Celer existumans Catilinam, ex 

Quintus Metellus Celer thinking Catiline, from 

difficultate rerum, agitare ilia 

the difficulty of things (his circumstances), to agitate (project) those 

eadem, quae diximus supra, praesidebat cum 

same (things), which we have said above, did preside with 

tribus legionibus in Piceno agro. Igitur, ubi 

three legions in the Picene land. Therefore, when 



102 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

cognovit iter ejus ex perfugis, movit 

he knew [the direction of] the march of him from deserters, he moved 

castra propere, ac consedit sub radicibus ipsis 

camps hastily, and encamped under the roots themselves 

montium, qu4 descensus erat illl 

(at the foot) of the mountains, where a descent was to him (Catiline) 

properanti in Galliam. Neque tamen Antonius aberat 

hastening "into Gaul. Neither however Antony was distant 

longe, utpote qui sequeretur magno exercitu 

far, as (one) who might (did) follow with a great army 

expeditos in fugam 

the disencumbered (those light armed) into flight (for retreat) 

sequioribus locis. Sed Catilina, postquam vidit sese 

in more-level places. But Catiline, after-that he saw himself 

clausum montibus atque copiis bostium, res adversas 

enclosed by mountains and the forces of the enemies, things adverse 

in urbe, neque ullam spem fugse, neque prsesidii, 

in the city, neither any hope of flight, nor of protection 

ratus optumum factu 

[of succour], having deemed (it) the best [thing] to be done [he 

tentare fortunam belli in tali re, 

could do] to try the fortune of war in such a thing (crisis), 

statuit confligere Antonio quam-primum. 

resolved to engage to (with) Antony as-first (as soon as 

Itaque concione advocata, babuit 

possible). Therefore an assembly having been called, he . (delivered) 

orationem bnjuscemodi : 

a speech of this-kind : 

I " Ego babeo compertum, milites ! verba 

" I have (it) found, soldiers ! [that] words [do] 

non addere virtutem viris ; neque exercitum 

not to add (give) valour to men ; neither [is] an army 

fieri strenuum ex ignavo, neque fortem 

to be made [made] vigorous from (being) indolent, nor brave 

ex timido, oratione imperatoris. Quanta audacia 

from fearful, by the speech of a general. How-much courage 

inest anirao cujusque, natura aut moribus, 

is-iu to the mind of every-one, by nature or by dispositions. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 103 

tanta solet patere in bello. Nequicquam 

so-much is-wont to lie-open (be displayed) in \rar. In-vain 

hort^re, quern neque gloria neque pericula 

thou mayest exhort (him), whom neither glory nor dangers 

excitant: timor animi officit auribus. Sed ego 

excite : cowardice of mind obstructs to (his) ears. But I 

advocavi vos, quo monerem pauca, 

have assembled you, in-order-that I might advise a few (things), 

simul, uti aperirem causam mei consilii. 

at-the-same-time, that I might disclose the cause of my design. 

Milites, scitis quantam cladem socordia atque 

Soldiers, you know how-great a defeat the slothfulness and 

ignavia Lentuli attulerit ipsi que 

indolence of Lentulus may have brought (has brough-t) to himself and 

nobis, que quo modo, dum opperior prsesidia 

to us, and in what manner, whilst I am-waiting-for reinforcements 

ex urbe, nequiverim (perf. sub.) proficisci 

out-of the city, I may have been-unable (I have been unable) to set-out 

in Galliam. Verd nunc omnes intelligitis juxt^ 

into Gaul. But now (you) all understand equally 

mecum in quo loco nostras res sint. Duo 

with me in what situation our things may be (are). Two 

exercitus hostium, unus ab urbe, alter a Gallic 

armies of enemies, one from the city, the other from Gaul 

obstant : egestas frumenti atque aliaruni rerum 

oppose (us) : the want of corn and of other things 

prohibet esse diutius in bis locis, si animus 

prevents (us) to be longer in these places, if (our) mind 

maxum^-ferat. Iter 

may chiefly-bear (incline). [Even if our minds incline us thereto.] Away 

est aperiundum ferro, quocunque placet ire. 

is to-be-opened by the sword, wheresoever it pleases (us) to go. 

Quapropter moneo vos, uti sitis forti atque parato 

Wherefore I advise you, that you maybe with brave and prepared 

animo, et memineritis, ciim inibitis prselium, 

mind, and will have remembered, when ye shall enter the battle, 

VOS portare divitias, decus, gloriam, 

you to carry (that you carry) riches, honour, glory, 



104 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

prseterea libertatem atque patriam, in vestris dextrls. 

besides liberty and country, in your right 

Si vincimus, omnia erunt tuta nobis ; 

(hands). If we conquer, all (things) shall be safe to us ; 

commeatus abunde, municipia et coloniae patebunt. 

provisions abundantly, municipal-towns and colonies will be-open. 

Sin cesserimus metu, ilia eadem fient 

But-if we shall have yielded by fear, those same (things) will be made 

advorsse. ISTeque quisquam locus neque amicus 

adverse. Neither any place nor friend 

teget, quern arma texerint non. 

will cover (protect) (him), whom arms may have covered not. [Who has 

Prseterea, milites, eadem 

not protected himself by his arms.] Besides, soldiers, the same 

necessitudo non-impendet nobis et illis. Nos 

necessity does not-impend to (over) us and them. We 

certamus pro patri^, pro libertate, pro vit^: 

contend for (our) country, for liberty, for life: 

est supervacaneum illis pugnare pro potenti^ 

it is useless to them to fight for the power 

paucorum. Quo, memores pristinas virtutis, 

of a few. Wherefore, mindful of pristine valour, 

aggredimini audaciiis. Licuit vobis 

attack (them) the more-boldly. It was lawful for you 

agere setatem in exsilio cum summa turpi- 

to act (spend your) age in exile [with] the utmost base- 

tudine : nonnulli potuistis, bonis amissis, 

ness : some (of you) have been-able, (your) goods having been lost, 

exspectare alien as opes Romse : quia ilia 

to look-to others* wealth at Rome : because those (things) 

videbantur foeda atque intoleranda viris, decre- 

did seem foul and intolerable [to men], you have re- 

vistis sequi hsec. Est opus audacia) 

solved to follow these (my interests). (There) is need of boldness, 

{all.), si vultis relinquere hsec. Nemo, nisi 

if you will to leave (to complete) these. No-one, unless 

victor, mutavit bellum pace. Nam sperare 

a conqueror, has changed war with (for) peace. For to hope 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 105 

salutem in fuga, turn avertere ab hostibus, arma 

safety in flight, then to turn-away from the enemies, the arms 

quis corpus tegitur, ea est vero dementia. 

by which the body is covered, that is indeed madness. 

Maxumum periculum est semper iis in praelio, qui 

The greatest danger is always to those in battle, who 

timent maxume : audacia habetur pro muro. 

fear most: boldness is had (accounted) for a wall. 

V Milites, ciim considero vos, et cum sestumo vestra 

Soldiers, when I consider you, and when I estimate your 

facta, magna spes victorias tenet me. Animus, 

deeds, great hope of victory possesses me. (Your) mind, 

setas, vestra virtus bortantur me: prseterea neces- 

age, your valour encourage me: moreover, neces- 

situdo, quae facit etiam timidos fortis (fortes). Nam 

sity, which makes even the cowardly brave. For 

angustige loci prohibent, ne multitude hostlum 

the defiles of the place prohibit, lest the multitude of the enemies 

queat circumvenire. Quod si fortuna inviderit 

maybe-able to surround (us). But if fortune shall have envied 

vestrse virtuti, cavete, ne inulti amittatis 

to your valour, beware, lest unrevenged you may lose 

animam; neu capti, trucidemini, sicuti pecora, 

life ; nor taken, you may be slaughtered, as cattle, 

potius quam pugnantes more virorum, 

rather than fighting in the manner of men, 

relinquatis cruentam atque luctuosam victoriam 

you may leave a bloody and mournful victory 

bostibus." 

to the enemies." 

Ubi dixit bsec, commoratus paululum, 

When he said these (words), having delayed a little, 

jubet signa canere, atque deducit ordines in 

he orders the trumpets to sound, and leads-down the ranks to 

sequum locum : dein, equis omnium remotis, 

a level place : then, the horses all of having been removed, 

quo amplior animus esset militibus, 

in-order-that a greater mind (spirit) might be to the soldiers. 



106 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 



periculo exaequato, ipse pedes instruit exercitum 

the danger having been equalled, he on-foot arranges the army 

pro loco atque copiis. Nam, uti planities 

according-to the situation and forces. For, as a plain 

erat inter montis (montes) sinistros, et aspera rupes 

was between the mountains on-the-left, and a rugged rock 

ab dextera, constituit octo cohortes in fronte ; 

from the right, he placed eight cohorts in front ; 

collocat reliqua signa arctius in 

he arranges the remaining standards (divisions) more-closely in 

subsidiis. Subducit ab his in primam aciem, 

reserves. He draws-out from these into the first line, 

omnis (^omnes) lectos, centuriones, et evocatos, 

all the chosen, the centurions, and (those) called-out 

praeterea quemque optume armatum ex 

(veteran), besides every best armed (man) of 

gregariis militibus-: jubet Caium Manlium curare in 

the common soldiers: he orders Caius Manlius to command on 

dextra parte, quemdam Fsesulanum in sinistra : 

the right part (wing), a certain Fassulan on the left : 

ipse adsistit cum libertis et colonis 

he stands with the freedmen and colonists [of Sylla's army] 

propter aquilam, quam Caius Marius dicebatur habuisse 

near the eagle, which Caius Marius was said to have bad 

in exercitu Cimbrico bello. At ex altera parte 

in (his) army in the Cimbrian war. But from (on) the other side 

Caius Antonius, seger pedibus, permittit exercitum 

Caius Antony, diseased in feet, commits the army 

Marco Petreio, " legato, quod nequibat adesse 

to Marcus Petreius, (his) lieutenant, because he was-unable to be-present 

prselio. Ille locat veteranas cohortes, 

to (at) the battle. He (Antony) places the veteran cohorts, 

quas conscripserat causa tumulti (tumultus), 

which he had levied by cause (on account) of the tumult, 

in fronte, caeterum exercitum post eas, in subsidiis. 

in the front, the rest-of the army behind those, in reserves. 

Ipse circumiens equo, nominans unumquemque, 

Himself (Petreius) going-about on horse, naming each-one. 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 107 

appellat, hortatur, rogat, uti meminerint 

addresses, encourages, asks (them), that they may have remembered 

se cernere contra inermes latrones, 

(to remember) themselves to contend against unarmed robbers, 

pro patriai, pro liberis, pro suis aris atque 

for [their] country, for [their] children, for their altars and 

focis. Militaris homo, quod fuerat tribunus, 

hearths. (This) military man, because he had been tribune, 

aut prgefectus, aut legatus, aut prsetor, amplius 

or prefect, or lieutenant, [or pretor,] more (than) 

triginta annos cum magna gloria in exercitu, noverat 

thirty years with great glory in the army, had known 

plerosque ipsos, que fortia facta eorum ; accendebat 

most-of them, and the brave deeds of them; he did kindle 

animos militum commemorando ea. Sed ubi, ?__) 

the spirits of the soldiers by recounting those (things). But when, 

omnibus rebus exploratis, Petreius dat signum 

all things having been explored, [Petreius] gives the signal 

tub^ jubet cohortes incedere pauUatim. 

by trumpet, (and) orders the cohorts to advance a little. 

Exercitus hostium facit idem. Postquam ventum est 

The army of the enemies does the same. After it was come 

eo, unde praelium posset committi k 

(they came) there, whence the battle might be engaged-in by 

ferentariis, concurrunt maxumo clamore, infestis 

the light-armed, they rush with the greatest shout, with hostile 

signis ; omittunt pila ; res geritur gladiis. 

standards; cast-aside the javelins; the affair is-carried-on with swords. 

Veterani, memores pristinge virtutis, 

The veterans, mindful of (their) pristine valour, (began) 

instare acriter, cominus ; illi baud timidi 

to press-on vigorously, hand-to-hand ; they (the others) not fearful 

resistunt: certatur maxuma vi. Interea 

resist: it is contended with the greatest force. Meantime 

Catilina versari cum expeditis in prima; 

Catiline (began) to be occupied with the light-armed in the first 

acie : succurrere laborantibus, 

line ; to reli«v« (to thog©) labouring (hard-pressed), 



108 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

accersere integros pro sauciis ; providere 

to summoa fresh (men) instead-of tlie wounded ; to provide for 

omnia ; ipse pugnare multum ; saepe 

all (things); himself to fight much; often 

ferire hostem ; exsequebatur simul officia 

to strike the enemy ; he did discharge at-the-same-time the duties 

strenui milltis et boni imperatoris. Ubi 

of a vigorous soldier and of a good commander. When 

Petreius videt Catilinam tendere magn^ vi, 

Petreius sees Catiline to strive with great force, 

contr^ ac ratus-erat, inducit praetoriam 

otherwise than he had supposed, he leads-in the pretorian 

cobortem in medios bostis (bostes), interficit 

cohort into the middle-of the enemies, kills 

que eos perturbatos atque alios resistentes 

both those disordered and others resisting 

alibi : deinde aggreditur cseteros utrimque 

elsewhere: afterwards he attacks the rest on-both-sides 

ex lateribus. Manlius et Faesulanus pugnantes 

of the flanks. Manlius and the Faesulan fighting 

in primis cadunt. 

iri the first (the van) fall. [Fell fighting among the first.] 

Postquam Catilina videt copias fusas que se 

After-that Catiline saw (his) forces routed and himself 

relictum cum paucis, mem or generis atque suae 

left with a few, mindful of (his) race and his 

pristinae dignitatis, incurrit in confertissumos bostes, 

ancient dignity, he rushes into the thickest enemies, 

que ibi pugnans confoditur. Sed, praelio 

and there fighting is run-through. But, the battle 

confecto, turn verd cerneres quanta 

having been finished, then in-truth thou mightest perceive how-great 

audacia, que quanta vis animi, fuisset (pi. sub.) 

boldness, and how-great strength of mind, might have been (had been) 

in exercitu Catilinae. Nam quisque, anima 

in the army of Catiline. For every-one, (his) life 



SALLUSTII CATILINA. 109 

amissa;, fer^ tegebat corpore 

being lost, almost (for the most part) did cover with (his) body 

locum, quern vivus ceperat pugnando. 

the place, which (when) alive he had taken in fighting. 

Autem pauci, quos medios, prsetoria cohors 

But a few, whom (being) middle, the pretorian cohort 

disjecerat, conciderant paulo diversius, 

had dispersed, had fallen a little more-differently [more scat- 

sed omnes tamen adversis vulneribus. 

tered], but all however with front wounds. 

Vero Catilina repertus-est inter cadavera 

But Catiline was found among the dead-bodies of (his) 

hostium long^ h suis, etiam spirans paululum, 

enemies far from his-own (men), even breathing a little, 

que retinens vultu ferociam animi, 

and retaining in [his] countenance the fierceness of mind, 

quam vivus habuerat. Postremo, quisquam 

which (when) alive he had had. Finally, any-one 

ingenuus civis ex omni copia, neque captus-est 

free-born citizen of all the force, neither was taken 

in prselio, neque in fuga. Ita cuncti pepercerant 

in the battle, nor in the flight. So all had spared 

SU93 que vitse bostium justa. 

to their-own and the life of enemies equally. [So little did all spare 

Neque, tamen, 

either their own life, or that of the enemy.] Neither, however, 

exercitus Romani populi adeptus-erat Isetam 

the army of the Roman people had obtained a joyful 

aut incruentam victoriam. Nam quisque strenuis- 

or bloodless victory. For each bra- 

simus aut occiderat in praelio, aut 

vest (man) either had fallen [in] the engagement, or 

discesserat graviter vulneratus. Autem multi, 

had departed severely wounded. But many, 

qui processerant e castris gratia 

who had proceeded from the camps by favour (for the sake) 

10 



110 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 

\dsundi ant spollandi, volventes cadavera, alii 

of going-to-see or despoiling, rolling the (^ad-bodies, some 

reperiebant ami cum, pars hospitem, aut cognatum. 

did discover a friend, part a guest, or a relation. 

Fuere item, qui cognoscerent {imp. sub.) 

(There) were likewise (some), who might know (did recognise) 

suos inimicos. Ita laetitia, moeror, luctus, 

their-own enemies. Thus gladness, sorrow, grief, 

atque gaudia vari^-agitabantur per omnem 

and joys were variously-mixed (exhibited) throughout the whole 

exercitum. 

army. 



END OP THE CATILINARIAN "WAR. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA 

SALLUST'S JUGURTHA. 



HuMANUM genus queritur falso de sua natura, 

The human race complains unjustly of its-own nature, 

quod imbecilla atque brevis aevi, 

because (being) weak and of short age (duration), 

regatur {suh.) potius sorte quam 

it may be governed (is governed) rather by lot (chance) than 

virtute. Nam contra invenias 

by virtue (native energy). For (but) on-the-cootrary you may find 

reputando, neque aliud majus, neque prae- 

by reflecting, neither another (thing) greater, nur more- 

stabilius ; que industriam hominum desse 

excellent J and [that the] industry of men to be-wanting 

magis naturae, quam vim aut 

more [is more wanting] to nature, than strength (efficacy) or 

tempus. Sed animus est dux atque imperator vitae 

time. But the mind is the guide and governor of the life 

mortalium, qui, ubi grassatur ad gloriam via 

of mortals, which, when it advances to glory by the way 

virtutis, est abunde pollens, que potens, et clarus, 

of virtue, is abundantly efficient, and powerful, and illustrious, 

neque eget fortuna ; quippe, quae potest 

neither wants fortune; for (as being that), which is-able 

neque dare neque eripere probitatem, industriam, 

neither to give nor to wrest-away honesty, industry, 

que alias bonas artis (artes) cuiquam. 

and other good endowments for (from) any-one. 



112 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Sin captus pravis cupidlnibus, usus 

But-if (the mind) taken by depraved desires, having used 

paulisper perniciosa lubidine, pessum-datus- 

(indulged) for-a-little-time destructive passion, has been precipi- 

est ad inertiam et voluptates ccorporls, ubi vires, 

tated to indolence and the pleasures of the body, when forces 

tempus, ingenium defluxere per socordiam, 

(strength), time, ability have flowed-away by indolence, 

infirmitas naturae accusatur: quique actores 

the infirmity of nature is accused: each (of ) the authors [of these 

transferunt suam culpam ad negotia. 

evils] transfer their-own fault to (their) affairs. 

Quod si tanta cura bonarum rerum esset 

But if so-great a care of good things might be (were) 

hominibus, quanto studio petunt 

to men, with how-much zeal they seek (things) [but if men as 

aliena 

zealously sought good things, as they do those, which are] foreign 

ac profutura nihil, etiam multum periculosa, 

and about-to-profit nothing, even greatly dangerous, 

neque regerentur magis, quam regerent casus ; 

neither might they be governed more, than they might govern chances 

et procederent eo magnitudinis, ubi 

(events); and they might advance to that (point) of greatness, where 

fierent, pro mortalibus, 

they might become, instead-of __^\ -mortals [in as much as mortals are 

seterni gloria. '"^ Nam uti genus hominum 

allowed], everlasting in glory. For as the race of men 

est compositum ex corpore et anima ; ita cunctae 

is composed of body and soul; so all (our) 

res que omnia nostra studia sequuntur, alia 

things and all our pursuits follow, others (some) 

naturam corporis, alia animi. Igitur 

the nature of the body, others (the nature) of the mind. Therefore 

prseclara facies, magnse divitise, ad-hoc vis 

a fine appearance, great riches, to-this (besides) strength 

corporis, et omnia alia hujuscemodi, dilabuntur 

of body, and all other (things) of this-kind, glide-away 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 113 

brevi ; at egregia facinora ingenii sunt 

shortly; but the illustrious acts of the uaderstanding are 

immortalia, sicuti anima. Postremo, uti est 

immortal, as the soul. Finally, as (there) is 

initium, sic finis bonorum corporis et 

a beginning, so (is there) an end of the goods of the body and 

fortunse ; que omnia orta, occidunt ; et 

of fortune; and all (things) having risen, fall; and 

aucta, senescunt; animus incorruptus, seternus, 

being increased, grow-old; the mind uncorrupted, eternal, 

rector humani generis, agit atque habet 

the ruler of the human race, acts and has (comprehends) 

cuncta, neque ipse habetur. 

[controls] all (things), neither itself is had (comprehended). 

Quo pravitas eorum 

[Nor is it controlled by any thing.] Wherefore the depravity of those 

est magis admiranda, qui dediti gaudiis 

is the more to-be-wondered-at, who addicted to the pleasures 

corporis, agunt aetatem per luxum atque 

of the body, act (spend their) age through luxury and 

ignaviam : cseteriim sinunt ingenium, quo 

indolence: but allow the understanding, (than) which 

neque est aliud melius neque amplius 

neither is (there) another (thing) better nor more-extensive 

natura mortalium, torpescere incultu atque 

in the nature of mortals, to grow-torpid from want-of-culture and 

socordia ; cum prsesertim tarn multse, que variae 

slothfulness ; when especially so many, and various 

artes animi sint [sub.), quibus summa claritudo 

arts of theani^d may^ (are), by which the highest renown 

paratur. "Yernm ex his artibus, magistratus et 

is procured. But out-of these employments, magistrates and 

imperia, postremo, omnis cura publicarum rerum, 

authorities, finally, all care of public things, 

videntur mihi minume cupiunda hac tempestate: 

appear tome by-no-means to-be-desired at this time: 

quoniam neque honos datur virtuti, neque illi 

since neither honour is given to virtue, neither they 



10 



114 SALLUSTII JUGURTKA. 

quibis jus fuit per fraudem tuti aut magis 

to whom authority has been [through fraud] (are) secure or more 

honesti eo. Nam quidem regere patriam 

honourable on-that-account. For indeed to rule (one's) country 

aut parentes vi, quamquam et possis, 

or parents by force, although and (even) thou mayest be-able, 

et corrigas delicta, tamen est importunum, cum 

and mayest amend faults, yet it is unpleasant, since 

prsesertim omnes mutationes rerum portendant (suh.) 

especially all changes of things may portend 

casdem, fugam, que alia hostilia. Autem 

slaughter, banishment, and other hostile (things). But 

niti frustra neque quasrere aliud 

to endeavour in-vain and-not to seek (acquire) another (thing) 

fatigando se, nisi odium est extremes 

by fatiguing (one's) self, unless hatred is (the part) of extreme 

dementias : nisi forte inhonesta et perniciosa 

madness : unless perhaps a dishonourable and destructive 

lubido tenet quem, gratificari decus atque suam 

passion possesses any-one, to deliver-up .honour and his 

libertatem potentise paucoruiS.^^ Osetlrum ex aliis 

liberty to the power of a few. But of other 

negotiis, quse exercentur ingenio, memoria 

[things], which are exercised by the understanding, the memory 

rerum gestarum est in-primis magno usui; 

of things carried-on (history) is particularly to great advantage ; 

de virtute cujus, quia multi dixere, 

of the virtue (merit) of which, because many have spoken [thereof], 

puto praetereundum ; simul ne quis 

I think [it is] to-be-passed-by ; at-the-same-time lest any (one) 

existumet extollere memet per insolentiam 

may think (me) to extol myself through insolence (vanity) 

laudando meum studium. Atque ego credo 

by praising my pursuit. And I believe (those) 

fore, qui imponant nomen 

to be about-to-be [there will be those], who may impose the name 

inertias meo tanto que tarn utili labori, quia 

of indolence to (on) my so-great and so useful labour, because 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 115 

decrevi agere setatem procul ai 

I have resolved lo act (spend) (my) age [life] at-a-distance from 

republica ; certe quibus 

the republic (public affairs) ; surely (they will be by those) to whom 

videtur maxume industria salutare plebera, et 

it seems the greatest industry to salute the community, and 

quaerere gratiam conviviis. Qui, si reputaverint 

to seek favour by banquets. Who, if they shall have reflected 

et quibus temporibus adeptus-sum magistratiim, 

and (both) in what times I have obtained the magistracy, 

et quales viri nequiverint (perf. sub.) assequi 

and what-sort-of men may have been unable to attain 

idem, et postea quae genera hominum pervenerint 

the same, and afterwards what kinds of men may have come 

(perf. sub.) in senatum, profecto existumabunt me 

into the senate, in-deed will think me 

mutavisse judicium mei animi magis merito 

to have changed the judgment of my mind rather deservedly [for 

quam ignavia; que majus commodum 

good reason] than from inactivity ; and greater advantage 

venturum reipublicae et meo otio, 

about-to-come [would result] to the republic also from my leisure (re- 

quam ex negotiis aliorum. Nam 

tirement), than from the businesses (activity) of others. For 

ssepe audivi Quintum Maxumum, Publium Sci- 

often I have heard Quintus Maximus (and) Publius Sci- 

pionem, prseterea prseclaros viros nostrae 

pio, besides (other) illustrious . men of our 

civitatis solitos dicere ita ; animum 

state (to have been) accustomed to speak thus; the mind 

accendi sibi vehementissume 

to be inflamed to them most-violently [that the mind was greatly 

ad virtutem, cum intuerentur 

excited] to virtue, when they might (did) look-on 

imagines majorum. Scilicet non illam ceram 

the images of (their) ancestors. Forsooth not that wax 

neque figuram habere tantam vim in sese, sed 

nor figure to have so-great force in themselves, but 



116 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

earn flammam crescere in pectore egregils viris 

that flame to increase in the breast to the illustrious men 

memoria rerum gestarum, neque sedari priiis- 

by the memory of things carried-on, and-not to be allayed before- 

quam virtus ad^equaverit famam atque gloriam 

that (their) virtue may have equalled the fame and glory 

eorum, At contra, quis omnium est 

of them [their ancestors]. But on-the-other-hand, who of all is 

his moribus, quin contendat 

■with these (the present) manners, but may contend [who is there 

cum 

in our present corrupt manners, that does not rather contend] with 

suis majoribus, divitiis et sumptibus, non probitate 

his ancestors, in riches and in expenses, not in honesty 

neque industria. Etiam novi homines, qui 

nor in industry. Also new (obscure) men, who 

soliti-erant antea antevenire nobilitatem per 

had been accustomed before to outstrip the nobility \)j 

virtutem, nituntur ad imperia et honores 

virtue, strive to [obtain] commands and honours 

furtim et per latrocinia potius quam bonis artibus. 

by-stealth and by robberies rather than by good arts. 

Proinde-quasi praetura et consulatus, atque omnia 

Just-as-if the pretorship and consulship, and all 

alia hujuscemodi, sint clara et magnifica 

other (things) of-this-kind, may be (are) illustrious and magnificent 

per se, ac non-habeantur perinde, ut 

by themselves, and may not-be-had (regarded) just-so, as 

virtus eorum est, qui sustinent ea. Verum ego 

the virtue of those is, who sustain those (offices). But I 

processi liberius que altius, dura 

have proceeded more (too) freely and more-profoundly [far], whilst 

piget que tsedet me morum civitatis. Nunc 

it grieves and wearies me of the morals of the state. Now 

redeo ad inceptum. 

I return to (my) undertaking. 

Sum scripturus bellum quod Romanus populus 
I am about to write the war which the Roman people 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 117 

gessit cum Jugurtlia, rege Numidarum : primum, 

carried-on ■with Jugurtha, king of the Numidians : first, 

quia fuit magnum et atrox, que varia victoria ; 

because it was great and fierce, and with various victory; 

dein quia primum itum-est obviam 

then because first it was gone against (opposition was made) 

superbise nobilitatis. Quae contentio permiscuit 

to the pride of the nobility. Which contention confounded 

cuncta divina et humana, que processit 

all (things) divine and human, and proceeded 

ed vecordise, uti bellum, atque vastitas 

thither (to that pitch) of madness, that war, and the desolation 

Italise, facerent finem civilibus studiis. 

of Italy, might make (did make) an end to civil pursuits (conten- 

Sed priusquam expedio initium hujuscemodi 

tions). But before-that I prepare the beginning of this-kind 

rei, repetam supra pauca quo 

of thing, I will trace-back a few (things) in-order-that 

ad cognoscendum omnia sint magis 

[to the knowing of them] all (things) may-be more 

illustria que magis in aperto. Secundo 

clear and more in open (evident). In the second 

Punico bello, quo Hannibal, dux 

Punic war, in which Hannibal, the general of the 

Carthaginiensium, attriverat maxume opes Italiae, 

Carthaginians, had impaired most the resources of Italy, 

post magnitudinem Komani nominis ; 

since the greatness [renown] of the Roman name; 

Masinissa, rex Numidarum, receptus in 

Masinissa, king of the Numidians, having been received into 

amicitiam a Publio Scipione, cui postea fuit 

friendship by Publius Scipio, to whom afterwards was 

cognomen Africano ex virtute, fecerat multa 

the surname Africanus from (his) valour, had done many 

et prgeclara faclnora militaris rei ; 

and illustrious exploits of military thing (nature); 

ob quse Eomanus populus dedit dono 

on-account-of which the Roman people gave for a present 



118 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

regi quascumque urbis (urbes) et agros 

to the king whatsoever cities aud lands it (they) 

ceperat manu, Carthaginiensibus victis, 

had taken by hand (by force), the Carthaginians being conquered, 

et Syphace capto, imperium cujus valuit 

and iSyphax being taken, the power of whom [Syphax] prevailed 

magnum atque late in Africa ; igitur amicitia 

great and widely in Africa; therefore the friendship 

Masiniss93 permansit bona atque honesta nobis. 

of Masinissa continued good and honourable to us. 

Sed finis imperii que vitae ejus fuit 

But the end of the government and of the life of him was 

idem. Dein Micipsa filius solus obtinuit regnum, 

the same. Then ilicipsa [his son] alone obtained the kingdom, 

Manastabale et Gulussa; fratribus absumptis 

Manastabal and Gulussa (his) brothers having been taken-oflf 

morbo. Is genuit ex sese Atherbalem et 

by disease. He begot from himself Adherbal and 

Hiempsalem, que habuit domi eodem cultu 

Hiempsal, and bad of (at) home in the same cultivation 

quo sues liberos, Jugurtham, filium 

in which (he had) bis-own children, Jugurtha, the son of (his) 

fratris Manastabalis, quem Masinissa reliquerat / 

brother JNIauastabal, whom Masinissa had left \/\ 

privatum, quod ortus-erat ex concubina;. \t^m _^ 

I^rivate, because he had sprung from a concubine. ; Who 

ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, 

when first he grew-up, prevailing in forces (bodily strength), 

decora facie, sed multo maxume validus 

with beautiful appearance, but by-much most strong 

ingenio, non dedit se corrumpendum luxu 

in understanding, he gave-not himself to-be-corrupted to luxury, 

(luxui), neque inertise. Sed, uti mos illius 

nor to indolence. But, as the custom of that 

gentis est, equitare, jaculari, certare cum 

nation is, to ride, to cast-the-javelin, to coqtend with (his) 

sequalibus cursu : et ciim anteiret 

equals in the course : and when (though) he might excel (did excel) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 119 

omnes gloria, tamen esse carus omnibus : ad 

all in glory, yet (he began) to be dear to all : to 

hoc agere pleraque tempora in 

this (besides) to spend [he spent] most [of his] times in 

venando, primus, aut in primis, ferire 

•hunting, [was] the first, or among the first, to strike 

leonem atque alias feras, ipse facere 

the lion and other wild-beasts, himself to do [did] 

plurimum, et loqui minumum de se. Quibus 

the most, and to say [said] the least of himself. By which 

rebus, tametsi Micipsa fuerat lastus initio, 

things, although Micipsa had been joyful in the beginning^ 

existumans virtutem Jugurthse fore glorine 

thinking the virtue of Jugurtha to be about-to-be for glory 

suo regno, tamen postquam intelligit 

to his kingdom, yet after he understands 

adolescentem hominem crescere magis que magis, 

the young man to increase more and more, 

su^ setate exacta, et liberis parvis, 

his-own age being spent out, and (his) children small, 

vehementer permotus eo negotio, volvebat multa 

exceedingly affected by that business, he did revolve many 

cum suo animo. Natura mortalium, avida 

(things) with his-own mind. The nature of mortals, covetous 

imperii, et prseceps ad cupidinem animi 

of command, and precipitate to the desire of the mind 

explendam, terrebat 

to-be-satiated, [and precipitate in gratifying their desires], did afi"right 

eum ; prseterea, opportunitas suae setatis que 

him J moreover, the opportunity of his-own age and (that) 

liberorum, quae agit etiam mediocres viros 

of his children, which acts (drives) even moderate men 

transvorsos ; ad hoc studia 

oblique (in a wrong direction) ; to this (besides) the zeals (affections) 

Numidarum accensa in Jugurtham, ex 

of the Numidians kindled towards Jugurtha (did alarm him), from 

quibus erat anxius, ne qua seditio aut 

-whom he wag anxious (apprehensive), lest any sedition or 



120 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

bellum oriretur, si interfecisset talem virum 

war might arise, if he might have killed such a man 

dolls. Circumventus his difRcultatibus, ubi 

by stratagems. Beset by these difl&culties, when 

videt hominem tarn acceptam popularibus 

he sees a man so accepted (dear) to (his) countrymen 

posse opprimi neque per vim, neque insidiis, 

to be-able to be destroyed neither by force, nor by snares, 

statuit objectare eum periculis, et tentare 

he determined to expose him to dangers, and to try 

fortunam . eo mode, quod Jugurtha erat promptus 

fortune in that manner, because Jugurtha was ready 

manu, et appetens militaris glorise. Igitur 

in hand (action), and desiring of military glory. Therefore 

Numantino bello, Micipsa, cum mitteret 

in the Numantine war, Micipsa, when he might send (did send) 

auxilia equitum [pi.) atque peditum [pi.) Komano 

auxiliaries of cavalry and of infantry to the Roman 

populo, prsefecit ITumidis, quos mittebat in 

people, appointed (him) to the Numidians, whom he did send into 

Hispaniam, sperans eum facile occasurum 

Spain, hoping him easily about-to-fall [that he would 

vel ostentando virtutem, vel ssevitia 

fall] either in displaying (his) valour, or by the cruelty 

hostium ; sed ea res evenit alitor ac 

of the enemies; but that thing happened otherwise and (than) 

ratus-erat. Nam Jugurtha, ut erat impigro 

he had imagined. For Jugurtha, as he was with (of) an active 

atque acri ingenio, ubi cognovit naturam Publii 

and sharp disposition, when he knew the nature of Publius 

Scipionis, qui -^rat tum imperator Romanis, et 

Scipio, who was then general to the Romans, and 

morem hostium, pervenerat brevi 

the manner of the enemies, had come shortly [he soon came] 

in tantara claritudinem, multo labore, que multa 

into so-great renown, by much labour, and by much 

curd,, prseterea, parendo modestissume, et eundo 

care, moreover, by obeying most-modestly, and by going 



SALLUSTII JIJGURTHA. 121 

saepe obviam periculis, uti esset 

often toward to dangers, [to meet danger], that he might be (was) 

veliementer carus nostris, maxumo 

exceedingly dear to our (men), to the greatest [and the greatest] 

terror! Numantinis. Ac sane erat et 

terror to the Numantines, And indeed he was and (both) 

strenuus prselio et bonus consillo, quod est in-primis 

vigorous in battle and good in counsel, which is peculiarly 

difficillumum ; alterum quorum solet plerumque 

most-difi&cult ; the one of which is-accustomed generally 

adferre timorem ex providentia, alterum temeritatem 

to produce fear from foresight, the other rashness 

ex audacia. Igitur imperator agere fere 

from boldness. Therefore the general (began) to-do almost 

omnis (omnes) asperas res per Jugurtham, 

all rough [perilous] things through Jugurtha, 

habere in amicis, amplecti eum magis 

to have (him) among (his) friends, to embrace him more 

que magis in-dies, quippe 

and more daily, [to become daily more attached to him], inasmuc% 

cujus consilium neque ullum 

as whose counsel neither any [as by his counsel no] 

inceptum erat frustra. Hue accedebat 

undertaking was in-vain. Hither did approach (was added) 

munificentia animi et solertia ingenii, quibus 

a munificence of mind and cleverness of understanding, by which 

rebus conjunxerat multos ex Romanis sibi 

things he had united many out-of the Romans to him 

familiari amicitia. Ea tempestate fuere in nostro 

in familiar friendship. In that time there were in our 

exercitu complures novi atque nobiles, 

army very-many new (obscure) and noble (men), 

quibus divitiae erant potiores bono 

to whom riches were better (more desirable) (than) good 

que honesto ; factiosi, potentes domi, magis 

and honourable (conduct) ; factious, powerful of (at) home, more 

clari quam honesti apud socios ; qui 

conspicuous than honourable among the allies; who 

11 



122 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

accendebant non-mediocrem animum Jugurthse 

did inflame the immoderate mind of Jugurtha 

pollicitando, si rex Mlcipsa accidisset 

by promising (frequently), if king Micipsa might have fallen (were 

fore uti solus potiretur 

dead) to be about-to-be that (he) alone might enjoy 

imperio {abl.) Numidise, 

the empire [he alone might obtain his kingdom] of Numidia, [that] 

maxumam virtutem esse in ipso, omnia 

the greatest valour to be [was] in himself, [that] all (things to 

venalia Romse. Sed postquam, Numanti^ 

be) [were] saleable of (at) Rome. But after, Numantia 

deleta, Publius Scipio decrevit dimittere 

being destroyed, Publius Seipio resolved to dismiss 

auxilia, ipse reverti domum, adduxit in 

the auxiliaries, himself to return home, he led into 

Praetorium Jugurtham, donatum atque laudatum 

the Praetorian-tent Jugurtha, having been gifted and praised 

magnlfice pro concione ; que ibi secreto monuit 

magnificently before the assembly ; and [there] secretly advised 

uti coleret amicitiam Romani populi 

(him) that he should cultivate the friendship of the Roman people 

potius public^ quani privatim ; neu insuesceret 

rather publicly than privately; nor should he accustom 

largiri quibus ; quod esset 

(himself) to bribe to any; [for] (that) which might-be [is] (the 

multorum erai periculos^ k paucis. 

property) of many to be bought [is bought] dangerously from a few. 

Si vellet permanere in suis artibus, 

If he might will to continue in his-own arts, [if he continued 

et gloriam et 

to cultivate the abilities he possessed], and (both) glory and 

regnum venturum ultro illi: 

kingdom (to be) about-to-come [would come] spontaneously to him : 

sin pergeret properantius, ipsum 

but-if he should proceed more (too) hastily, himself (to be) 

casurum prsecipitem suamet pecunia;. 

about-to^pM^that he would fall] headlong by his-own money. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 123 

Sic locutus, dimisit eum cum Uteris, quas 

Thus having spoken, he dismissed him with letters (a letter), which 

redderet Micipspe. Sententia earum erat hoec : 

he might deliver to Micipsa. The purport of these (it) was this : 

virtus tui Jugurthse Numantino bello fuit 

the valour of thy Jugurtha in the Numantine war has been 

longe maxuma ; quam rem certe-scio esse gaudio 

by far the greatest; which thing I certainly know to be for joy 

tibi. Est carus nobis ob sua merita : 

to thee. He is dear to us on-account-of his deserts : 

nitemur summa ope, ut sit idem 

we will endeavour with the highest might, that he may be the same 

senatui que Romano populo. Quidem gratulor 

to the senate and to the Roman people. Indeed I congratulate 

tibi pro nostra amicitia. En babes virum 

to thee for (in regard to) our friendship. Lo thou hast a man 

dignum te {ahl.\ atque suo avo Masinissa. 

worthy thee, and his-own grandsire Masinissa. 

Igitur ubi rex cognovit ea, quae 

Therefore when the king knew those (things), which 

acceperat fama, esse ita ex literis 

he had received by report, to be so from the letters (letter) 

imperatoris, permotus cum virtute tum gratia 

of the general, affected as-well by the valour as by the favour 

viri, flexit suum animum, et aggressus-est 

of the man, he bent (changed) his mind, and essayed 

vincere Jugurtham beneficiis, que statim 

to overcome Jugurtha by favours, and immediately 

adoptavit eum et instituit hseredem pariter cum 

adopted him, and appointed (him) heir equally with 

filiis testamento. Sed ipse confectus 

(his) sons by a will. But he being finished (spent), 

post paucos annos, morbo, atque aetate, cum 

after a few years, by disease, and by age, when 

intelligeret finem vitae. adesse sibi, 

he might perceive (did perceive) the end of life to be-present to him, 

dicitur habuisse verba hujuscemodi cum 

[to be near], is said to have had words of this-kind with 



124 SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 

Jugurtha, coram amicis, et cognatis, que item 

Jugurtha, in-presence-of friends, and relations, and also (his) 

filiis Atherbale et Hiempsale : 

sons Adherbal and Hiempsal : 

\ " Jiigurthaj ego accepi te parvum,- patre 

" Jugurtha, I received thee little, (thy) father 

amisso, sine spe, sine opibus in 

having been lost [being dead], without hope, -without resources into 

meum regnum, existumans me non fore minus 

my kingdom, thinking me not to-be-about-to-be less 

carum tibi ob beneficia, 

[that I -would be no less] dear to thee on-account-of (my) kindnesses, 

quam si genuissem : neque ea 

than if I might have (had) begotten (thee) : neither that 

res habuit me falsam. Nam 

thing has had me deceived. [Nor have I been deceived.] For 



ut omittam tua aha magna et egregia, novissume 

that I may omit thy other great and excellent (acts), very -lately 

rediens Numantia, honoravisti que me que meum 

returning from Numantia, thou hast honoured both me and my 

regnum gloria; que fecisti Romanes ex 

kingdom by (thy) glory ; and thou hast made the Romans from 

amicis amicissumos nobis tua virtute : nomen 

friends most-friendly to us by thy valour : the name of (our) 

familise renovatum-est in Hispania : postremd, 

family has been renewed in Spain : finally, 

vicisti invidiam gloria, quod est 

thou hast conquered envy by glory, (a thing) which is 

difficillumum inter mortalis (mortales). Nunc quoniam 

most-dif&cult among mortals. Now since 

natura facit finem vitse mihi, moneo que obtestor 

nature makes an end of life to me, I advise and conjure (thee) 

per banc dextram, per fidem regni, uti 

by this right (hand), by the faith of a kingdom, that 

habeas bos caros, qui propinqui tibi genere, 

thou mayest have those dear, who relations to thee by kindred, 

sunt fratres meo beneficio ; neu malis adjungere 

are brothers by my kindness; nor thou mayest prefer to attach 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 125 

alienos quam retinere conjunctos sanguine 

(to thee) strangers than to retain (those) united by blood. 

Non exercitus, neque thesauri sunt prsesidia regni, 

[Not] an army, nor treasures are the defences of a kingdom, 

verum amici : pariuntur officio et fide, 

but friends : they are procured by office (service) and by faith, 

quos queas neque cogere armis, neque 

whom thou mayest be-able neither to compel by arms, nor 

parare auro. Autem quis amicior fratrl 

to procure by gold. But -who (should be) more-friendly to a brother 

quam frater? aut quern alienum invenies fidem, 

than a brother ? or what stranger wilt thou find faithful, 

si fueris hostis tuis ? 

if thou mayest have been (hast been) an enemy to thy-own (relations)? 

Equidem ego trado regnum firmum vobis, si eritis 

Indeed I deliver the kingdom strong to you, if you will be 

boni, imbecillum si mali. Nam parvae res 

good, (but) weak if bad. For small things 

crescunt concordia, maxumse dilabuntur discordia. 

increase by concord, the greatest glide-away by discord. 

Caeteriim, Jugurtha, decet te ante bos, quia 

But, Jugurtha, it becomes thee before these, because 

es prior setate et sapienti^, providere ne 

thou art superior in age and wisdom, to provide lest 

quid eveniat aliter : nam in omni 

any (thing) may happen otherwise [than I wish] : for in every 

certamine, qui est opulentior, etiamsi accipit 

contest, (he) who is more-opulent, although he receives 

injuriam, tamen videtur facere quia plus-potest. 

an injury, yet seems to do (it) because he is-more-powerful. 

Autem vos, Atberbal et Hiempsal, oolite, observate 

But you, Adherbal and Hiempsal, reverence, [and] regard 

hunc talem virum ; imitamini virtutem, et enitimini 

this uch a man ; imitate (his) valour, and endeavour 

ego ne-videar sumpsisse qu^m genuisse 

(that) I may not-seem (rather) to have adopted than to have begotten 

meliores liberos." 

better children." 

11* 



126 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Ad ea, Jugurtha, tametsi intelligebat regem 

To these (words), Jugurtha, although he did perceive the king 

locutum-(esse) ficta, et ipse agitabat longe 

to have spoken feigned (words), and he did revolve far 

aliter animo, tamen respondlt benigne pro 

otherwise in mind, yet acswerevl kindly according-to 

tempore. Miclpsa moritur paucis diebus post. 

the time. Micipsa dies a few days after. 

Postquam illi fecerant justa magnified regio 

After they had made the obsequies magnificently in a royal 

more, reguli convenerunt in unum, 

manner, the petty-princes assembled in one (place), 

ut disceptarent inter se de cunctis rebus. 

that they might debate among themselves about all matters. 

Sed Hiempsal, qui erat minumus ex illis, 

But Hiempsal, who was the least [the youngest] of them, 

ferox natura, despiciens etiam antea ignobilitatem 

fierce by nature, despising even before the mean-descent 

Jugurtbas, quia erat impar materno genere, adsedit 

of Jugurtha, because he was unequal by maternal kindred, sat-beside 

Atberbalem dextera, ne Jugurtha foret medius 

Adherbal on the right, lest Jugurtha might be [in the] middle 

ex tribus, quod ducitur bonori, et apud 

of the three, which is led (esteemed) for honour, and (also) among 

Numidas. Dein, tamen, fatigatus si 

the Numidians. Afterwards, however, having been importuned by (his) 

fratre, ut concederet aetati, vix transductus-est 

brother, that he might yield to age, scarcely was brought-over 

in alteram partem. Ibi, cum dissererent 

to the other part (side). There, when they might (did) discuss 

multa de imperio administrando, Jugurtha 

many (things) about the government to-be-administered,/ Jugurtha 

jacit inter alias res oportere omnia 

throws-out among other things to behove (that it was fit) all 

consulta et decreta quinquennii rescindi, nam 

the decisions and decrees of (the last) five years to be rescinded, for 

Micipsa confectum annis per ea tempera, 

Micipsa worn-out with years during those times, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 127 

valuisse parum animo. Turn Hiempsal 

to have availed little in mind. [Was weak in mind.] Then Hiempsal 

respondit idem placere sibi : nam 

answered [that] the same to please to him [pleased him] : for 

illum-ipsum pervenisse adoptione 

[that he] himself (Jugurtha) to have come [had come] by adoption 

in regnum his tribus proxumis annis. 

into the kingdom in these three next (latest) years. 

Quod verbum descendit altius in pectus Jugurtbse 

Which word descended more-deeply into the breast of Jugurtha 

quam quisquam ratus-(erat). Itaque anxius ira et 

than any-one had supposed. Therefore restless by anger and 

metu ex eo tempore, moliri, parare, 

by fear from that time, (he began) to contrive, to prepare, 

atque habere ea modo in animo, quibus 

and to have those (things) only in mind, by which 

Hiempsal caperetur per dolum. Quae uti 

Hiempsal might be taken through srtatagem. Which as 

procedunt tardius, neque . ferox animus 

they advance more (too) slowly, neither (his) fierce mind 

lenitur, statuit perficere inceptum quovis 

is soothed, he determined to accomplish (his) undertaking by any 

modo. Placnerat primo conventu, quem 

manner. It had pleased (them) in the first assembly, which 

memoravi supra, factum-(esse) ab regulis, 

I have related above, to have been made, by the petty-princes, [that] 

thesauros dividi propter dissen- 

the treasures to be divided [should be divided] on-aecount-of disagree- 

sionem, que finis (fines) imperii constitui 

ment, and the boundari^ of government to be assigned [should 

singulis. Itaque tempus decernitur ad 

be assigned] to each. Therefore a time is decreed to (for) 

utramque rem, sed maturius ad pecuniam distri- 

each thing, but sooner to the money to-be-dis- 

buendam. 

tributed. [But that the money should be first distributed.] 

Reguli concessere interea in loca propinqua 

The petty-princes departed mean-time into the places near 



128 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

thesaurls, alius alio (alius alio). Sed Hiempsal 

to the treasures, one one way (another the other-way). But Hiempsal 

forte utebatur, in oppido, Thirmida, domo ejus, 

by-chance did use, in the town, Thirmida, the house of him, 

qui fuerat proxumus lictor Jugurtliae, semper 

who had been the nearest (chief) lictor ofJugurtha, always 

carus que acceptus ei : quern ministrum 

dear and received (agreeable) to him : which servant 

oblatum casu, ille onerat promissis, que impellit, 

presented by chance, he loads with promises, and impels (him), 

uti eat tanquam visens suam domum : paret 

that he may go as-if visiting his house: may procure 

adulterinas claves portaruro, nam verse refere- 

false keys of the gates, for the true (keys) were car- 

bantur ad Hiempsalem : c^terum seipsum venturum 

ried back to Hiempsal : but himself about-to-come 

cum magna manu, ubi res postularet. 

with a great band, when the thing might require. [But that he 

Numida 

himself would come with a great force, at the proper time.] The Numidian 

conficit 'mandata brevi ; atque introducit milites 

finishes (his) commands shortly ; and \^ leads-in the soldiers 

Jugurtlise noctu, uti doctus-erat. ^ Qui postquam 

of Jugurtha by-night, as he had been instructed. Who after that 

irrupere in sedes diversi 

they burst-in into the houses (house) dijEferent (here and there) (began) 

quserere regem, interficere alios dormientis 

to seek the king, to kill others (some) sleeping, 

(dormientes), alios occursantis (occursantes) ; 

others meeting « (them); 

scrutari abdita loca ; effringere clausa : miscere 

to search the hidden places ; to break-open closed (places) : to mingle 

omnia strepitu et tumultu: cum interim 

all (things), with noise and tumult: when mean-time 

Hiempsal reperitur occultans se tugurio ancillse 

Hiempsal is found concealing himself in the hut of a servant 

mulieris, quo profugerat initio pavidus et 

woman, whither he had fled in the beginning fearful and 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 129 

ignarus loci. Numidae referunt caput ejus, 

ignorant of the place. The Numidians carry-back the head of him, 

uti jussi-erat, ad Jugurtham. Caeterum fama 

as they had been ordered, to Jugurtha. But the report 

tanti facinoris divulgatur brevi per omnem Africam : 

of so-great a crime is divulged shortly through all Africa: 

metus invadit Atherbalem, que omnis (omnes), qui 

fear seizes Adherbal, and all, who 

fuerant sub imperio Micipsae. Numidse discedunt 

had been under the government of Micipsa. The Numidians depart 

in duas partes : plures sequuntur Atherbalem, 

(divide) into two factions : the more follow Adherbal, 

sed meliores bello ilium alterum. Igitur 

but the better in war that other [Jugurtha]. Therefore 

Jugurtha armat copias quam maxumas potest : 

Jugurtha arms forces as greatest he can [collects 

adjungit urbis (urbes) partim vi, alias 

a great force] : unites cities partly by force, others 

voluntate suo imperio ; parat imperare omni 

by inclination to his government; prepares to rule all [overall] 

Numidiae. Atherbal, tametsi miserat legatos 

Numidia. Adherbal, although he had sent ambassadors (to) 

Eomam, qui docerent senatum de csede fratris, 

Home, who might inform the senate of the murder of (his) brother, 

et suis fortunis ; tamen fretus multitudine militum, 

and his-own fortunes; yet relying on the multitude of soldiers, 

parabat contendere armis. Sed ubi res venit ad 

did prepare to contend with arms. But when the thing came to 

certamen, victus profugit ex praelio in 

a contest, being conquered he fled from battle into the [Roman] 

provinciam, ac contendit dehinc Romam. Turn 

province, and hastens thence (to) Rome. Then 

Jugurtha, consiliis patratis, postquam potiebatur 

Jugurtha, (his) designs being accomplished, after that he did possess 

omni Numidia (abl.\ reputans cum animo in otio 

all Numidia, revolving with (his) mind in leisure 

suum facinus, timere Romanum populum, neque 

his crime, (began) to fear the Roman people, neither 



130 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

habere spem usquam advorsus iram ejus, 

to have hope any-where against the wrath of it (them), 

nisi in avaritia nobilitatis, et sua pecunia. 

unless in the avarice of the nobility, and in bis-own money. 

Itaque paucis diebus, mittit legates Romam cum 

Therefore in a few days, he sends ambassadors (to) Rome with 

multo auro que argento, quis prsecipit uti primum 

much gold and silver, to whom he instructs that first 

expleant veteres amicos muneribus, dein anquirant 

they may satisfy (his) old friends with presents, then may acquire 

novos : postremo ne-cunctentur parare largiundo 

new: finally they may not-hesitate to procure by bribing 

quemcumque possint. Sed ubi legati venere 

whomsoever they may be-able. But when the ambassadors came 

Romam, et misere ex praecepto regis, 

(to) Rome, and sent according-to the instruction of the king, 

magna munera hospitibus que aliis, auctoritas 

great presents to (his) hosts and to others, the authority 

quorum pollebat in senatu ea tempestate: 

of whom was powerful in the senate at that time; 

tanta commutatio incessit ut Jugurtba 

so-great a change seized (them) that Jugurtha might (did) 

venlret ex maxuma invidia, in gratiam et 

come from the greatest envy (odium) into the interest and 

favorem nobilitatis. Pars quorum inducti spe, alii 

favour of the nobility. Part of whom induced by hope, others 

prcemio, nitebantur ambiundo singulos 

by reward,\did endeavour bj'^ going-about (canvassing) single (members) 

ex senatu, ne-consuleretur gravius 

of the senate, (that) it might not-be-consulted more (too) severely 

in eum. 

against him. [That too severe measures might not be adopted against 

Igitur, ubi legati satis-confidunt, 

him.] Therefore, when the ambassadors are sufficiently-confident, 

senatus datur utrisque constituto die. Tum 

the senate (a hearing) is given to each on an appointed day. Then 

accepimus Atherbalem locutum-(esse) hoc modo : 

we have heard Adherbal to have spoken in this manner : 






4 I 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 131 



^' " Conscripti patres ! mens pater Miclpsa moriens 

" Conscript fathers ! my father Micipsa dying 

prsecepit mihi, uti existumarem tantummodo procura- 

instructed to me, that I should think only the guardian- 

tionem regni Numidiae meam ; cseterum jus et 

ship of the kingdom of Numidia mine; but the right and 

imperium esse penes vos : simul eni- 

government to be in-the-power-of you: at-the-same-time I should en- 

terer esse maxumo usui Romano populo domi 

deavour to be for greatest use to the Roman people at-home 

que militiae. Ducerem vos in locum 

and of war (abroad). I should lead (regard) you in the place 

cognatorum mihi, vos affinium : si 

of relations to me, you of neighbours [and as neigbbours] : if 

fecissem ea, me habiturum 

I might have done (had done) those (things), me about-to-have [that I 

exercitum, divitias, munimenta regni 

would have] an army, riches, fortifications of the kingdom 

in vestra amicitia. Quas prsecepta mei patris 

in your friendship. Which precepts of my father 

ciim agitarem, Jugurtha, sceleratissimus 

when I might (did) revolve, Jugurtha, the most-wicked 

homo omnium, quos terra sustinet, vestro imperio 

man of all, whom the earth sustains, your command 

contempto, expulit me nepotem Masinissae, etiam 

being despised, has expelled me the grandson of Masinissa, even 

ab stirpe socium atque amicum Romani 

from stein (earliest origin) an ally and friend of the Roman 

populi, regno que omnibus fortunis. Atque 

people, from my kingdom and all fortunes. And 

ego, conscripti patres, quoniam eram venturus 

' I, conscript fathers, since I was about-to-como 

eo miseriarum, vellem me posse 

to that (pitch) of miseries, should will me to bo-able [could have 

petere auxilium k vobis potius 

wished, that I were able] to seek aid from you rather 

ob mea, quam ob beneficia 

on-account-of my-own [services], than on-account-of the kindnessea 



132 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

meorum majorum ; ac maxume, beneficia 

of my ancestors ; and chiefly, [that] kindnesses [favours] 

deberi mihi a Romano populo, quibus 

to be due [might be due] to me by the Roman people, which 

egerem non : secundum ea, uti 

I might want not [to be requited] : next-to those, that 

Titerer debitis, si erant desideranda. Sed 

I might use (them as) due, if they were to-be-wanted. But 

quoniam probitas ipsa est parum tuta per se, 

since honesty self is little (not) safe by itself, 

neque fuit in manu mihi, qualis 

neither was it in hand (possible) to me, (to know) what-sorfc 

Jugurtha foret ; 

Jagurtha might be [to determine what sort of person Jugurtha 

confugi ad vos, conscripti patres, quibus 

might be] ; I have fled to you, conscript fathers, to whom 

cogor esse oneri priusquam usui, 

I am compelled to be for a burden before-that for advantage 

quod est miserrumum mihi. 

[I have been of any use to you], which is very-wretched tome. 

Cseteri reges aut victi bello, recepti-sunt in 

The rest (other) kings either conquered in war, have been received into 

amicitiam a vobis, aut appetiverunt vestram societatem 

friendship by you, or have sought your alliance 

in suis dubiis rebus. Nostra famih'a instituit 

in their doubtful affairs. Our family instituted 

amicitiam cum Romano populo Carthaginiensi bello, 

friendship with the Roman people in the Carthaginian war, 

quo tempore fides ejus erat magis petenda 

in which time the faith (honour) of it was more to-be-sought 

quam fortuna. Conscripti patres ! nolite 

than the fortune [the advantage]. Conscript fathers! be-un willing 

pati me progeniem quorum nepotem Masinissse 

to suffer me the ofi"spring of whom the grandson of Masinissa 

petere auxilium ^ vobis frustra. Si haberem 

to seek aid from you in-vain. If I might have (had) 

nihil causae ad-impetrandum, praeter miserandam 

nothing of cause to-obtain (it), except (my) miserable 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 133 

fortunam; quod paulo ante rex potens genere, 

fortune ; that a little before a king powerful in race, 

fama, atque copiis, nunc deformatus serumnis, 

in fame, and in resources, now deformed by woes, 

inops exspecto alienas opes: tamen 

destitute I look to foreign (others) resources : yet 

erat majestatis Romani populi prohibere 

it was (the part) of the majesty of the Roman people to prohibit 

injuriam : neque pati regnum cujusquam 

injury: neither to suffer the kingdom of any-one 

crescere per scelus. Verum ejectus-sum 

to increase by wickedness. / But I have been cast-out 

iis finibus, quos Romanus populus dedit meis 

from those boundaries, which the Roman people gave to my 

majoribus : unde pater, et mens avus una 

ancestors: whence (my) father, and my grandfather together 

vobiscum expulere Sypbacem et Carthaginienses. 

■with-you expelled Syphax and the Carthaginians. 

Conscript! patres ! vestra beneficia erepta-sunt 

Conscript fathers ! your kindnesses have been torn-from 

mihi, vos despecti-estis in mea injuria. Eheu 

to me, ye have been despised in my injury./ Alas 

miserum me ! pater MIcipsa, tua beneficia 

wretched me ! (whether), father Micipsa, thy favours 

evasere huccine, uti is, quern tu fecisti 

have come hither (to this), that he, whom thou hast made 

parem cum tuis liberis, que participem regni, 

equal with thy-own children, and a partner of the kingdom, 

sit potissimiim extinctor tuse stirpis ? Ne 

may be chiefly the destroyer of thy stem (race) ? Whether 

ergo nostra familia erit nunquam quieta ? 

therefore our family shall be never tranquil ? 

Ne versabimur semper in sanguine, ferro 

Whether shall we be engaged always in blood, in iron 

fuga? Dum Carthaginienses fuere incolumes, 

(sword), in flight? Whilst the Carthaginians were safe, 

patiebamur omnia sseva jure. Hostis ab 

we did suff"er all cruel (things) by right. An enemy from (our) 

12 



134 SALLUSTII JUGURTIIA. 

latere: vos amici procul: 

side : [an enemy pressing bard on us] : you friends at-a-distance : 

omnis spes erat in armisr] J Postquim "Ilia pestis ^^U 

all hope was in arms. ' After that plague * 

ejecta-est ex Africa, Iseti agitabamus pacem, 

was-cast-out out-of Africa, joyful we did agitate (enjoy) peace, 

quippe quis erat nullus hostis, nisi fort^ 

forsooth to whom there was no enemy, unless by chance 

quern jussissetis. Autem 

whom you might have ordered [us to consider as such]. But 

ecce ! Jugurtha ex-improviso, efferens sese intoleranda 

lo ! Jugurtha suddenly, exalting himself with intolerable 

audacia, scelere, atque superbia, meo fratre, atque 

boldness, wickedness, and pride, my brother, and 

eodem suo propinquo interfecto, primum fecit 

the same his-own relation being killed, first made 

regnum ejus prsedam sui sceleris : post, ubi 

the kingdom of him the plunder of his wickedness : after, when 

nequit capere me iisdem dolis, exspectantem 

he is-unable to take me by the same stratagems, expecting 

nihil minus, quam vim aut bellum, efficit in 

nothing less, than violence or war, he makes (me) in 

vestro imperio, sicut videtis, extorrem patria;, 

your government, as you see, an exile from (my) country, 

domo, inopem et coopertum miseriis, ut 

from home, destitute and covered with miseries, (so) that 

essem tutius ubivis quam in meo regno. / (Ego 

I might be safer any-where than in my kingdom. / I 

existumabam sic, conscripti patres, uti audiverara 

did think thus, conscript fathers, as I had heard 

meum patrem prsedicantem, eos, qui colerent 

my father declaring, those, who might cultivate 

diligenter vestram amicitiam, suscipere multum 

diligently your friendship, to-undertake much 

laborem, cseterum esse maxume tutos ex omnibus. 

labour, but to be most safe of all. 

Quod fuit in nostra famili^, 

What has been in (in the power of) our family, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 135 

prsestitit, ut adesset vobis 

it has performed, that it might be present (was present) to you 

in omnibus bellis : conscripti patres, est vestr^ 

in all wars : conscript fathers, it is in your 

manu uti nos simus tuti per otium. 

hand (power) that we maybe safe through leisure (in time of 

i^ Pater reliquit nos duos fratres : 

peace). (My)\ father left us two brothers : 

ratus-est Jugurtbam fore 

he supposed [that] Jugurtha to be about-to-be [would be] 

conjunctum tertium nobis suis beneficiis. Alter 

allied (as) a third to us by his favours. Another 

eorum necatus (est) ; ego 

(one) of them has been killed ; [my brother was killed] ; I 

ipse alter vix elFugi impias manus. 

myself the other scarcely have escaped his impious hands. 

Quid agam ? aut qud potissumum infelix 

What shall I do? or whither chiefly unhappy 

accedam? Omnia prsesidia generis 

shall I go-to ? All the protections of (my) race 

extincta-sunt : pater concessit naturae, uti 

have been extinguished : (my) father yielded to nature, as 

erat necesse ; propinquus, quern minume decuit, 

was necessary ; a relation, whom by -no-means it became, 

eripuit vitam fratri per scelus : alia 

snatched life to (from my) brother by wickedness : another (one) 

clades oppressit alium : affines, amicos, 

calamity oppressed another (one) : (my) kinsmen, friends, 

meos caeteros propinquos, capti ab Jugurtba, 

my other relations, (those) taken by Jugurtha, 

pars acti-sunt in crucem pars object! 

part have been driven (affixed) to a cross part exposed 

bestiis : pauci, quibus anima relicta-est, 

to beasts : few, to whom soul (existence) has been left, 

clausi in tenebris, exigunt vitam graviorem 

shut-up in darknesses, spend life more-severe (than) 

morte cum moerore et luctu. Si omnia, quae 

death with sorrow and grief. If all (things), which 



136 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

aut amisi, aut facta-sunt advorsa ex necessariis 

either I have lost, or have been made adverse from necessary 

manerent incolumia ; tamen si quid 

(friendly) might remain safej yet if any (thing) 

mali accidisset, ex-improviso, 

of evil might have happened (had happened) suddenly, 

implorarem vos, conscripti patres, quibus decet, 

I would implore you, conscript fathers, to whom it becomes, 

jus et omnis (omnes) injurias esse 

right and (that) all injuries to be [should be] 

curse, pro magnitudine imperii. 

for care, [cared for], for (considering) the greatness of (your) empire. 

Vero nunc exul patria, domo, solus 

But now an exile from (my) country, from home, alone 

atque egens omnium honestarum rerum, quos 

and needing of all honourable things, whom 

accedam, aut quos appellem? ne nationes 

may I go-to, or whom may I address ? whether (those) nations 

an reges, omnes qui sunt infesti nostras familise 

or kings, all who are hostile to our family 

ob vestram amicitia,m ? an licet mihi adire 

on-account-of your friendship ? or is-it-lawful for me to go 

quoquam, ubi sint non plurima hostilia 

any-where, where there may-be not very-many hostile 

monumenta meorum majorum? an potest quisquam, 

monuments of my ancestors? or can any-one, 

qui aliquando fuit hostis vobis 

•who sometime [at any time] has been an enemy to you 

misereri nostri? Postremo, Masinissa ita 

to pity of us? [pity us]? Finally, Masinissa so 

instituit nos, conscripti patres, ne-coleremus 

instructed us, [conscript fathers], (that) we should not-cultivate 

quem, ne-acciperemus societates, 

[the friendship of] any one, (that) we should not-receive alliances, 

ne nova foedera, nisi Romani populi: 

not new leagues, unless (those) of the Roman people : 

abunde magna praesidia fore nobis in vestra 

abundantly great protections to be about-to-be to us in your 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 137 

amicitia : 

friendship : [that your friendship would be an ample protection to us] : 

occidendum nobis un^, si 

to-be-fallen to (by) us [that we must fall] together, if 

fortuna mutaretur liuic imperio. Estis magna et 

fortune should be changed to this empire. You are great and 

opulenti virtute ac diis volentibus ; omnia 

opulent by valour and the gods willing; all (things) 

sunt secunda et obedientia ; quo licet curare 

are prosperous and obedient; wherefore it is-lawful to take-care 

facilius injurias sociorum. Yereor tantum 

(redress) more-easily the injuries of allies. I fear only 

illud, ne privata amicitia Jugurthge, parum cognita, 

that, lest the private friendship of Jugurtha, little known, 

agat quos transvorsos : quos ego audio 

may drive any oblique (astray) : whom I hear 

niti maxuma; ope, ambire, fatigare vos 

to endeavour with greatest might, to go-about, to importune you 

singulos, ne-statuatis quid de 

single (individually), (that) you may not-determine any (thing) of (him) 

absente, causa; incognita: me, 

absent, (his) cause being unknown (unheard) : [that] me, [I], 

cui licuerit manere in 

to whom it may have been-lawful [it was permitted] to remain in (my) 

regno fingere verba, et simulare fugam. 

kingdom to feign words, and to pretend flight. [Made a feigned 

rlQuM utinam videam ilium, 

statement and pretended flight]. A But 0-that I may see him, 

impio facinore cujus projectus-sum in has 

by the impious crime of whom I have been cast into these 

miserias, simulantem haec eadem : et 

miseries, pretending these same (things) : and (that) 

aliquando cura humanarum rerum oriatur aut apud 

some-time a cure of human things may arise either with 

vos aut apud immor talis (immor tales) deos ; ut ille, 

you or with the immortal gods ; that he, 

qui est nunc ferox atque prseclarus suis sceleribus, 

who is now fierce and conspicuous by [his] crimes, 

12* 



138 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

excruclatus omnibus maliSj reddet gravis (graves) poenas 

tortured by all evils, will return heavy penalties 

impietatis in nostrum parentem, necis mei fratris, 

of impiety unto our parent, of [for] the murder of my brother, 

que mearum miseriarum. Jam, jam, frater carissume 

and of [for] my miseries. Now, now, brother most-dear 

meo animo, quamquam vita erepta-est tibi, 

to my mind, although life has been torn to (from) thee, 

immature, et unde minume-decuit ; 

immature [while quite young], and whence (by whom) it-least-became; 

tamen puto tuum casum magis laetandum quam 

yet I think thy lot more to-be-rejoiced-at than 

dolendum. Enim amisisti non simul cum anima; 

to-be-grieved-at. For thou hast lost not together with life 

regnum, sed fugam, exilium, egestatem et omnis 

a kingdom, but flight, exile, want and all 

(omnes) has aerumnas, quse premunt me : At ego 

these woes, which oppress me : But I 

infelix, prgecipitatus in tanta mala, pulsus ex 

unhappy, precipitated into so-great evils, driven out-of (my) 

patrio regno, prsebeo spectaculum humanarum rerum ; 

native kingdom, afford a spectacle of human things; 

incertus quid agam, ne ipse egens 

uncertain what I may do, whether myself wanting (destitute) 

auxilii, persequar tuas injurias, an potestas 

of aid, shall prosecute thy wrongs, or (whether I) the power 

cujus vitse que necis pendet ex alienis opibus, 

of whose life and death depends of (on) foreign (others') resources 

consulam regno. 

[depends'on the aid of others], may consult (provide) for the kingdom. 

Utinam ! emori 

[May provide for the welfare of the kingdom.] 0-that! to die 

esset bonestus exitus meis fortunis, ne-viderer 

might be an honourable issue to my fortunes, (that) I might not-seem 

vivere contemptus, si defessus malis, concessissem 

to live despised, if wearied by evils, I might have yielded 

injurise. Nunc quoniam neque lubet 

(had yielded) to injury. Now since neither it pleases (me) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 139 

vivere, neque licet mori sine dedecore, conscripti 

to live, nor is it-lawful to die without disgrace, conscript 

patres, per vos, per liberos atque vestros parentes 

fathers, by you, by (your) children and your parents, 

per majestatem Romani populi, subvenite mihi 

by the majesty of the Roman people, aid to me [me] 

miser ; ite obviam injurise ; nolite pati 

wretched; go toward (oppose) to injury; be-unwilling to suffer 

regnum Numidise, quod est vestrum, tabescere per 

the kingdom of Numidia, which is your-own, to waste-away by 

scelus et sanguinem nostrse familise." 

wickedness and the blood of our family." 

Postquam rex fecit finem loquendi, legati 

After-that the king made an end of speaking, the ambassadors 

Jugurtbse, freti magis largitione quam causa, 

ofJugurtha, relying more on bribery than (their) cause, 

respondent paucis: Hiempsalem 

answer in few (words) : Hiempsal (to have been) 

interfectum ab Kumidis, ob suam ssevitiam ; 

killed by the Numidians, on-account-of his cruelty; 

Atherbalem inferentem bellum ultro queri 

[that] Adherbal bringing-on war spontaneously to complain 

postquam superatus-sit ^^ 

[complained] after that he may have been conquered (was conquered) 

quod nequisset facere injuriam : 

because he might have been unable (had been unable) to do injury : 

Jugurtham petere ab senatu 

[that] Jugurtha to seek [sought] from the senate (that) 

ne-putaret se alium ac cognitus-esset 

it might not-think himself other than he might have been known 

Numantiae, neu poneret verba 

(had been known) atNumantia, nor might place the words 

inimici ante sua facta. Deinde utrique egrediuntur 

of an enemy before his deeds. Afterwards both go-out 

curia : ' senatus statim consulitur : fautores 

from the senate-house : the senate immediately is consulted : the favourers 

legatorum, praeterea magna pars depravata gratia, 

of the ambassadors, besides a great part corrupted by favour 



140 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

nitebantur contemnere dicta Atlierbalis, 

(interest), did endeavour to despise the sayings of Adherbal, 

extollere virtutem Jugurthse laudibus, gratia, voce, 

to extol the virtue of Jugurtha by praises, by favour, by voice, 

denique omnibus modis pro alieno scelere et 

finally by all means for foreign (another's) wickedness and 

flagitio, 

villany [they exerted themselves to defend the wickedness and villany 

quasi pro sua, gloria. At contra 

of another], as-if for their-own glory. But on-the-other-hand 

pauci, quibus bonum et sequum erat carius 

a few, to whom good and just was dearer (than) 

divitiis, censebant subveniendum Atberbali, 

riches, did think to-be-relieved to Adherbal (Adherbal, 

et mortem Hiempsalis severe 

should be relieved) and the death of Hiempsal severely 

vindicandam. Sed ex omnibus maxume iEmilius 

to-be-avenged. But out-of all chiefly ^milius 

Scaurus, nobilis homo, impiger, factiosus, avidus 

Scaurus, a noble man, active, factious, greedy 

potentiee, honoris, divitiarum, cseterum callide 

of power, of honour, of riches, but cunningly 

occultans sua vitia. Postquam is videt famosam 

concealing his vices. ' After that he sees the infamous 

que impudentem largitionem regis, veritus 

and shameless bribery of the king, having feared 

quod solet in tali re, ne polluta licentia 

what is-usual in such a thing, lest the polluted licentiousness 

accenderet invidiam, continuit 

might inflame envy [might excite odium], he restrained (his) 

animum a consueta lubidine. Tamen ilia pars, 

mind from [his] wonted passion. However that part 

quge anteferebant pretium aut gratiam vero, 

[party], which did prefer reward or favour to truth, 

vicit in senatu. Decretum fit, uti decern 

conquered in the senate. A decree is made, that ten 

legati dividerent regnum quod Micipsa obtinuerat, 

ambassadors should divide the kingdom, Avhich Micipsa bad obtained, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 141 

inter Jugurtham et Atherbalem. Cujus legationis, 

between Jugurtha and Adherbal. Of which embassy, 

Lucius Opimius, clarus homo, et turn potens in 

Lucius Opimius, an illustrious man, and then powerful in 

senatu, fuit princeps ; quia consul, Caio Graccho 

the senate, was chief; because (as) consul, Caius Gracchus 

et Marco Fulvio interfeetis, exercuerat acerrum^ 

and Marcus Fulvius being killed, he had exercised very-sharply 

vindictam nobilitatis in plebem. Jugurtha, 

the revenge of the nobility against the common-people. Jugurtha, 

tametsi habuerat eum in amicis Eomge, tamen 

although he had had him among friends at Rome, yet 

recepit curatissum^; perfecit dando 

received (him) most-attentively ; he [Jugurtha] accomplished by giving 

et pollicendo multa, uti anteferret 

and by promising many (things), that he might prefer [that Opimius 

commodum regis famge, fide (fidei), 

should prefer] the convenience of the king to fame, to faith (honour), 

postremd omnibus suis rebus. Aggressus reliquos 

lastly to all his-own things. Having attacked the remaining 

legates eadem via;, capit plerosque : 

ambassadors [in the same manner], he takes most : [he gains most 

fides fuit carior paucis, quam pecunia. 

of them] : faith (honour) was dearer to few, than money. 

In divisione, pars Numidise, quae attingit Mauritaniam, 

In the division, the part of Numidia, which touches Mauritania, 

opulentior agro que viris, traditur Jugurthae. 

more-opulent in land and in men, is delivered to Jugurtha. 

Atherbal possedit illam alteram potiorem specie 

Adherbal possessed that other (part) better in appearance 

quam usu, qupe erat portuosior, et magis exornata 

than in use, which was superior-in-harbours, and more furnished 

sedificiis. \j Res videtur postulare 

with buildings. The thing (subject) seems to require (me) 

exponere situm Africse paucis, et attingere 

to explain the situation of Africa in few (words), and to touch-ou 

eas gentis (gentes) quibuscum bellum aut amicitia 

those nations with which war or friendship 



142 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

fuit vobis. Sed loca, 

had been to us. But the places, and nations, also 

solituclines, quse frequentata-sunt minus ob 

deserts, -which have been frequented less on-account-of 

calorem aut asperitatem, narraverim haud facile 

heat or roughness, I may have related not easily 

compertum, de iis ; 

(as) discovered, of those ; [I cannot easily, or with any certainty, 

absolvam 

relate what may have been discovered respecting them] ; I will despatch 

csetera quam-paucissumis. 

the rest in the fewest possible (words). 

In divisione orbis terras, plerique posuere 

In the division of the globe of the earth, most have placed 

Africam in tertia parte : pauci Asiam et 

Africa in the third part : a few (say) Asia and 

Europam tantummodo esse, sed Africam 

Europe only to be, but Africa (to be contained) 

in Europa. Ea habet finis (fines) ab occidente, 

in Europe. It has [for] boundaries from (on) the west, 

fretum nostri maris et oceani: ab ortu 

the strait of our sea and of the ocean [Gibraltar] : from the rising 

solis declivem latitudinem, 

of the sun (on the east) a sloping latitude, [extent in breadth], 

quem locum incolae appellant Catabathmon. Mare 

which place the inhabitants call the Catabathmus. The sea 

ssevum, importuosum: ager fertiiis frugum, 

(is) rough, harbourless : the land fertile of fruits 

bonus pecori, infoecundus arbori : penuria aquarum 

good for cattle, unfruitful for tree : scarcity of waters 

coelo que terra : 

from heaven and from earth: [there is a scarcity of rain and of rivers] : 

genus hominum salubri corpore, velox, 

the race of men with (of ) wholesome body, swift, 

patiens laborum : senectus dissolvit plerosque, 

enduring of labours: old-age destroys most, 

nisi qui interiere ferro, aut a bestiis : 

unless (those) who have perished by iron (sword), or by beasts : 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 143 

nam morbus haud ssepe superat quemquam. Ad 

for disease not often overcomes any-one. To 

hoc plurima animalia malefici generis. Sed 

this (besides) very-many animals of a destructive kind. But 

dicam quam-paucissumis, qui mortales habuerint 

I will tell in the-fewest-possible (words), what mortals may have had 

Africam initio, que qui postea 

(inhabited) Africa in the beginning, and who afterwards 

accesserint, aut quo modo per- 

may have approached (were added), or in what manner they'may have 

mixti-sint inter se, quamquam est diver sum 

been intermingled among themselves, although it is different 

ab ea fama, quae obtinet plerosque, 

from that report [account], which possesses most [that 

tamen, ut interpretatum-est nobis ex 

generally prevails], however, as it has been interpreted to us out-of 

Punicis libris, qui dicebantur regis 

the Punic books, which were said (to be those) of king 

Hiempsalis ; que uti cultores ejus terrae 

Hiempsal ; and as the tillers [inhabitants] of that land 

putant rem habere sese. Caeterum fides 

think the thing to have itself [believe]. But the faith 

ejus rei erit penes auctores. 

(credit) of that thing shall be in-the-power-of /the authors. [But the 

Gsetuli 

truth of such narrations must rest with the authors thereof.] The Getulians 

et Libyes, asperi que inculti, quis et ferina 

and the Libyans, rough and uncultivated, to whom and (both) wild 

caro et pabulum humi erat cibus, uti pecoribus, 

flesh and fodder of the ground was food, as to cattle, 

habuere Africam initio. Hi regebantur 

had (inhabited) Africa in the beginning. These were ruled 

neque moribus, neque lege, aut imperio cujusquam: 

neither by morals, neither by law, or command of any-one : 

vagi, palantes, habebat sedes, quas 

wandering, straying, they did have the seats [the places of rest], which 

nox coegerat. Sed postquam Hercules 

night had compelled (them to have). But after-that Hercules 



144 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

interiit in Hispanic, sicut Afri putant, exercitus 

perished in Spain, as the Africans think, the army 

ejus compositus ex variis gentibus, duce 

of him composed out-of various nations, (their) leader 

amisso, ac multis passim petentibus imperium 

being lost, and many every-where seeking command 

quisque sibi, dilabitur brevi. 

each for himself, glides-away shortly. [The army is soon dispersed.] 

Ex 60 numero Medi, Persse, et Armenii 

Out-of that number the Medes, the Persians, and the Armenians 

transvecti navibus in Africam, occupavere locos 

transported in ships into Africa, occupied the places 

proxumos nostro mari. Sed Persse 

nearest to our sea [the Mediterranean]. But the Persians 

magis intra oceanum : 

more within the ocean : [but the Persians settled near to the Atlantic 

que hi habuere alveos navium inversos pro 

ocean] : and these had the hulls of ships inverted for 

tuguriis : quia neque materia erat in agris, 

huts : because neither material was in the fields, 

neque copia emundi aut mutandi ab 

neither plenty (opportunity) of buying or of changing from 

Hispanis. Magnum mare et ignara lingua 

the Spaniards. A great sea and an unknown tongue 

prohibebant commercia. Hi paulatim miscuere 

did prohibit commerces. These by-degrees mixed 

Gastulos secum per connubia ; et ipsi appellavere 

the Getulians with-them by marriages ; and they called 

semet Numidas, quia saepe tentantes agros 

themselves Numidians, because often trying the fields 

petiverant alia, deinde alia loca. Cseterum 

they had sought other, afterwards other (different) places. But 

adhuc sedificia agrestium Numidarum, quae illi 

as-yet the edifices of the rustic Numidians, which they 

vocant Mapalia, sunt oblonga, tecta incurvis 

call Mapalia, are oblong, covered with curved 

lateribus, quasi carinas navium. Autem Libyes 

sides, as-if the keels of ships. , But the Libyans 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 145 

accessere Medis et Armeniis. 

acceded (added themselves to) to the Medes and to the Armenians. 

Nam hi agitabant propiiis Africum mare ; 

For these did agitate (live) nearer the African sea; 

(Gsetuli magis sub sole ; baud procul ab 

(the Getulians more under the sun; not far from 

ardoribus) que hi habuere oppida mature. 

the heats) and these (the Libyans) had towns early. 

Nam divisi freto ab Hispania, instituerant 

For divided by a strait from Spain, they had resolved 

mutare res inter se. Libyes corrupere 

to exchange things among themselves. The Libyans corrupted 

nomen eorum paulatim, appellantes, barbarai 

the name of them by-degrees, calling (them), in barbarous 

lingua, Mauros, pro Medis. Sed res 

tongue, Moors, instead-of Medes. But the thing (state) 

Persarum adolevit brevi; ac postea Numidae 

of the Persians increased shortly : and afterwards the Numidians 

nomine, digressi a parentibus propter 

byname, having departed from (their) parents on-account-of (their) 

multitudinem, possedere ea loca, quae proxuma 

multitude, possessed those places, •which nearest 

Carthaginem appellatur Numidia. Deinde, utrique 

Carthage is called Numidia. Afterwards, each 

freti alteris, /coegere • 

[the parent state, and colony] relying on the others, compelled (their) 

finitimos armis aut metu sub suum imperium; 

neighbours by arms or by fear under their-own command; 

addidere nomen que gloriam sibi: magis hi 

they added name and glory to themselves : rather these 

qui processerant ad nostrum mare : quia 

[the colony] who had proceeded to our sea : because 

Libyes minus bellicosi quam Gsetuli : denique, 

the Libyans (are) less warlike than the Getulians : finally, 

pleraque inferior pars Afriese possessa-est ab 

most-of the lower part of Africa was-possessed by 

Numidis : omnes victi concessere in gentem 

the Numidians : all the conquered yielded into the nation 

13 



146 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

que nomen imperantium. 

and name of (those) cominanding. [Were incorporated among 

Postea Phoenices, alii gratia- 

their conquerors.] Afterwards the Phenicians, others (some) for the sake 

multitudinis minuendge domi, pars plebe 

of the multitude to-he-lessened at home, part the commonalty 

solicitata, cupidine imperii, et aliis 

having been solicited, from a desire of command, and others (being) 

avidis novarum rerum, condidere Hipponem, 

desirous of new things, built Hippo, 

Adrimetum, Leptim, que alias urbis (urbes) in 

Adrimetum, Leptis, and other cities on 

maritima ora;: que ese auctse multum brevi, 

the maritime coast ; and these being increased much shortly, 

pars fuere praesidio que alise decori suis 

part were for a protection and others for an ornament to their 

originibus. Nam puto melius silere de 

origins. For I think (it) better to be-silent concerning 

Cartbagine, quam dicere parum, quoniam tempus 

Carthage, than to say little, since the time 

monet properare alio. Igitur Cyrsene est prima, 

advises to hasten elsewhere. Therefore Cyraene is the first 

colonia Tberoeon, secundo mari, ad 

(city), a colony of the Thersei, in favourable (along the) sea, at 

Catabatbmon, qui locus dividit ^gyptum ab 

(near) the Catabathmus, which place divides Egypt from 

Africa, ac deinceps duae Syrtes, que Leptis 

Africa, and afterwards the two Syrtes (quicksands), and Leptis 

inter eas : deinde arse Philenon, quem locum 

between them : then [the] altars of the Phileni, which place 

versus ^gyptum Carthaginienses babuere finem 

toward Egypt the Carthaginians had (as) the boundary 

imperii : post, alias Punicae urbes. Numidae 

of (their) government : after, other Punic cities. The Numidiana 

tenent caetera loca usque ad Mauritaniam. Mauri 

hold the other places until to Mauritania. The Moora 

Bunt proxume Hispaniam. Accepimus 

are nearest (to) Spain. We have received (heard) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 147 

Gaetulos agitare super Numidlam, partim in 

the Getulians to agitate (live) above Numidia, partly iu 

tuguriis, alios vagos incultlus. ^thiopas 

huts, others wandering more-uncultivatedly. The Ethiopians 

esse post eos. Dein loca exusta ardoribus solis. 

to be after them. Then places parched by the heats of the sun. 

Igitur Jugurthino belle, Romanus populus 

Therefore in the Jugurthine war, the Roman people 

administrabat per magistratus pleraque oppida ex 

did administer by magistrates most towns of 

Punicis, et finis (fines) Carthaginlensium, quos 

the Carthaginians, and the boundaries of the Carthaginians, which 

habuerant novissum^ : magna pars Gaetulorum, 

they had had very -newly (lately) : a great part of the Getulians, 

et Numidoe usque ad flumen Mulucham, erant 

and the Numidians as-far-as to the river Mulucha, were 

sub Jugurtha : Rex Boccbus, ignarus Romani 

under Jugurtha: King Bocchus, ignorant of the Roman 

populi csetera prseter nomen, 

people (as to) other (things) besides the name, [ignorant of the 

que item cognitus 

Roman people in every thing except name], and also known 

antea nobis neque bello neque pace, imperitabat 

before to us neither in war nor in peace, did command 

omnibus Mauris : satis dictum de Africa; 

to all the Moors : enough has been said of Africa 

et incolis ejus ad necessitudinem 

and the inhabitants of it to (for) the necessity 

rei. 

the thing (subject). 

Postquam, regno diviso, legati 

After that, the kingdom having been divided, the ambassadors 

decessere Africa, et Jugurtha videt sese adeptum-(esse) 

departed from Africa, and Jugurtha sees himself to have obtained 

praemia sceleris contra timorem animi ; 

the rewards of wickedness contrary-to the fear of (his) mind; 

ratus quod acceperat ex amicis apud 

having supposed what he had received (heard) from (his) friends at 



148 SALLUSTII JUGUKTHA. 

Numantiam, certum, omnia esse 

Nuinantia, certain [that for a certainty], all (things) to be 

venalia Romae, et simul accensus 

Tenal at Rome, and at-the-same-time having been inflamed 

pollicitationibus illorum, quos expleverat paulo ante 

by the promises of those, whom he had satisfied a little beforo 

muneribus, intendit animum in regnum 

with gifts, directs (his) mind into the kingdom 

Atberbalis. Ipse acer, bellicosus : at is quern 

ofAdherbal. Himself vigorous, warlike: but he whom 

petebat, quietus, imbellis, placidus ingenio, 

he did seek, (was) quiet, unwarlike, placid in disposition, 

opportunus injurise, metuens magis quam metuendus. 

suitable for injury, fearing rather than to-be-feared. 

Igitur invadit finis (fines) ejus de-improviso cum 

Therefore he invades the boundaries of him suddenly with 

magna, manu : capit multos mortalis (mortales), cum 

a great band : takes many mortals, with 

pecore atque alia, prsedia : incendit sedificia ; 

cattle and with other plunder: burns the edifices; 

accedit pleraque loca hostiliter cum equitatu. 

approaches most places hostilely with cavalry. 

Deinde convertit cum omni multitudine in suum 

Then he turns with all the multitude into his-own 

regnum, existumans Atherbalem permotum dolore 

kingdom, thinking Adherbal moved by grief 

vindicaturum suas injurias 

(resentment) about-to-avenge [would revenge] his wrongs 

manu, que eam rem fore causam 

by hand (action), and that thing to-be-about-to-be [would be] the cause 

belli. At ille misit legatos ad Jugurtham, 

of war. But he sent ambassadors to Jugurtha, 

questum de injuriis, quod neque existumabat se 

to complain of the injuries, because neither did he think himself 

parem armis, et fretus-erat amicitia Romani populi 

equal in arms, and had relied on the friendship of the Roman people 

magis quam Numidis : qui tametsi retulerant 

rather than on the Numidians : who although they had brought-back 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 149 

contumeliosa dicta, tamen decrevit pati omnia 

contumelious sayings, yet he resolved to sufiFer all (things) 

priusquam sumere bellum : quia 

sooner-than to take war [to make war] : because (war) 

tentatuiji antea cesserat secus. Cupido 

tried before had resulted otherwise (untowardly). The desire 

Jugurthse neque minuebatur magis eo : 

ofJugurtha neither was lessened more on-this-account : 

quippe qui invaserat jam totum regnum ejus 

inasmuch-as (one) who had invaded already the whole kingdom of him 

animo. Itaque coepit gerere bellum non ut antea, 

in mind. Therefore he began to carry-on war not as before, 

cum prsedatoria manu, sed magno exercitu comparato, 

with a plundering band, but with a great army being provided, 

et apert^ petere imperium ■" totius Numidise. 

and openly to seek the command of the whole of Numidia. 

Cseterum, qua pergebat, vastare 

But, wheresoever he did proceed (he began), to lay-waste 

urbis (urbes), agros, agere prsedas, 

cities, lands, to drive-away plunders [to drive off the cattle 

auger e animum suls, terror em 

and flocks], to increase mind (spirit) to his-own (men), terror 

hostibus. 

to the enemies. [To increase the courage of his own men, and strike 

Atherbal ubi intelligit processum- 

terror to his enemies.] Adherbal when he understands to have pro- 

(esse) eo, uti regnum aut esset 

ceeded [that it had come] to-this, that (his) kingdom either should be 

relinquendum, aut retinendum armis, necessario 

to-be-left, or to-be-retained by arms, necessarily 

parat copias, et procedit obvius Jugurthae. 

prepares forces, and proceeds opposite (against) to Jugurtha. 

Interim exercitus utriusque consedit prope oppidum 

Meantime the army of each encamped near the town 

Cirtam, baud long^ a mari; et prselium non 

Cirta, not far from the sea ; and the battle (was) not 

inceptum, quia erat extremum diei : sed ubi 

begun, because it was the extreme of the day : but when 

13* 



150 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

plerumque noctis processit, lumine etiam turn 

most of the night advanced, the light even then (being) 

obscuro, 

obscure [the night having nearly passed, and the day began to dawn], 

Jugurthini milites, signo dato, invadunt castra 

the Jugurthine soldiers, the signal being given, invade the camps 

hostium ; fugant que fundunt partim 

of the enemies ; put-to-flight and pour (rout) partly (some) 

semisomnoSj alios sumentes arma : Atherbal profugit 

half-asleep, others taking arms: Adherbal escapes 

cum paucis equitibus Cirtam : et ni fuisset 

■with a few horsemen (to) Cirta: and unless there might have been 

multitudo togatorum, quae probibuit 

(had been) a multitude of toga-wearers (Romans), which prohibited 

Numidas insequentes moenibus, bellum inter duos 

the Numidians pursuing from the walls, the war between the two 

reges foret cceptum et patratum uno die. Igitur 

kingis might be begun and finished in one day. Therefore 

Jugurtba circumsedit oppidum, aggreditur expugnare 

Jugurtha beset the town, attempts to storm (it) 

vineis que turribus, et macbinis omnium generum : 

with mantlets and towers, and machines of all kinds : 

maxume festinans antecapere tempus 

chiefly hastening to anticipate the time (of return) 

legatorum, quos audiverat missos ab 

of the ambassadors, whom he had heard (to have been) sent by 

Atherbale Romam ante praelium factum. 

Adherbal (to) Rome before the battle being done (fought). 

Sed postquam senatus accepit de bello eorum, 

But after that the senate received (heard) of the war of them, 

ti;es adolescentes legantur in Africam, qui adeant 

three young-men are deputed into Africa, who may go-to 

ambos reges ; nuncient verbis senatus 

both the kings; may announce (to them) in the words of the senate 

que Romani populi, velle et censere eos discedere 

and of the Roman people, to will and to think them to depart 

ab armis : 

from arms : [that it was their wish and determination, that they should 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 151 

ita esse dignum que se que 

desist from war] : so to be worthy and (both) themselves and 

illis. 

them. [This was due both to their dignity and that of the kings.] 

Legati veniunt maturantes in Africam ; magis 

The ambassadors come hastening into Africa; the more 

eo quod audiebatur Romse, dum parant 

on-this-account, because it was heard at Rome, whilst they prepare 

proficisci, de prselio facto, et oppugnatione 

to set-out, of the battle having been done (fought), and the siege 

Cirt86. Sed is rumor erat clemens. Oratione 

of Cirta. But that report was mild. The speech 

quorum accepta, Jugurtha respondit, neque 

of whom being received, Jugurtha answered, neither 

quidquam esse majus neque carius sibi 

any (thing) to be greater nor dearer to him (than) 

auctoritate senatus : se ita enisum-(esse) ab 

the authority of the senate ; himself so to have endeavoured from 

adolescentia ut probaretur ab quoque optumo: 

youth that he might be approved by every best (man): 

placuisse Publio Scipioni, 

to have pleased [that he had made himself acceptable] to Publius Scipio, 

summo viro, virtute, non malitia : adoptatum-esse 

the highest man, by virtue, not by malice: to have been adopted 

in regnum a Micipsa ob easdem artis (artes), 

into the kingdom by Micipsa for the same arts (endowments), 

non penuria< liberorum : cseterum quo fe- 

not from want of children: but by how-much he might have 

cisset plura bene atque strenue, eo 

done (had done) more (things) well and vigorously, by that 

animum minus tolerare 

(therefore) (his) mind less to endure [would less endure] 

injuriam : Atherbalem insidiatum-(esse) suae vitse 

injury : Adherbal to have plotted for his life 

dolis : quod ubi comperisset, isse obviam 

by deceits : which when he might have found, to have gone toward 

sceleri : 

(he opposed) to wickedness : [he discovered and opposed this wickedness] : 



152 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Romanum populum facturum neque recte, neque 

the Roman people (to be) about-to-do neither rightly, neither 

pro bono, si prohibuerit sese ab jure 

for [their] good, if it shall have prohibited him from the right 

gentinm : postremo, missurum 

of nations : lastly, (to be) about-to-send [that he was about to 

brevi legatos Romam de omnibus rebus. 

send] shortly ambassadors (to) E,ome concerning all things. 

Ita utrique digrediuntur. Copia Atherbalis 

Thus both depart. An opportunity of Adherbal 

appellandi fuit non. Jugurtba, ubi 

to-be-addressed (of addressing Adherbal) was not. Jugurtha, when 

ratus-est eos decessisse Africa, neque posset 

he supposed them to have departed from Africa, neither he might be-able 

expugnare Cirtam armis propter 

to storm [neither could he storm] Cirta with arms on-account-of 

naturam loci, circumdat maenia vallo atque 

the nature of the place, he surrounds the walls with a rampart and 

fossa : extruit turris (turres), que firmat eas 

trench : raises towers, and strengthens them 

prsesidiis : praeterea tentare dies que noctes 

with guards : besides (he began) to try days and nights 

aut per vim aut dolis : ostentare 

[to take the place] either by violence or stratagems : to display 

modo prsemia, modo formidinem defensoribus moenium, 

now rewards, now terror to the defenders of the walls, 

erigere suos ad virtutem bortando, prorsus 

to excite his own (men) to valour by encouraging, altogether 

intentus parare cuncta. Atherbal ubi intelligit 

intent to prepare all (things). Adherbal when he understands 

omnis (omnes) suas fortunas sitas in extreme, ' 

all his fortunes situate in extreme' (danger), 

hostem infestum, nuUam spem auxilii, bellum non 

the enemy hostile, no hope of assistance, the war not 

posse trabi penuria necessariarum rerum ; ' 

to be able to be protracted from want of necessary things; [he] 

delegit duos maxume impigros ex iis, qui profugerant 

chose two most active out-of those, who had fled 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 153 

un^ Cirtam, confirmat eos pollicendo 

together (to) Cirta, strengthens (prevails on) them by promising 

mulifc, ac miserando suum casum, uti 

many (things), and by bewailing bis-own misfortune, that 

pergerent noctu per munitiones hostium 

they would proceed by night through the fortifications of the enemies 

ad proxumum mare, dein Romam. Numidse 

to the next sea, then (to) Eome. The Numidians 

efficiunt jussa paucis diebus ; literse 

execute the commands in a few days ; letters (a letter) 

Atherbalis recitatse in senatu, sententia quarum 

of Adherbal (was) read-aloud in the senate, the purport of which 

fuit haec : 

was this : 

" Conscripti patres ! mitto ssepe ad vos oratum 

" Conscript fathers ! I send often to you to entreat 

non mea culpa, sed vis Jugurthse subigit ; 

not bymy-own fault, but the violence ofJugurtha forces (me); 

quein tanta lubido extinguendi me invasit, uti 

•whom so-great a desire of destroying me has seized, that 

neque habeat vos, neque immortalis (im- 

neither he may have (he has) you, nor the immortal 

mortales) deos in animo ; malit 

gods in (his) mind; he may have-rather (he prefers) 

meum sanguinem quam omnia Itaque socius 

my blood than all (things). Therefore an ally 

et amicus Romani populi, teneor obsessus armis 

and friend of the Roman people, I am held besieged with arms 

jam quintum mensem : neque beneficia mei patris 

DOW the fifth month : neither the favours of my father 

Micipsae, neque vestra decreta auxiliantur milii: 

Micipsa, nor your decrees aid to me: 

sum incertus urgear acrius ferro, 

I am uncertain (whether) I may be oppressed more-fiercely by iron 

an fame. Mea fortuna dehortatur me 

(sword), or by hunger. My fortune dissuades me 

scribere plura de Jugurtha : etiam expertus-sum 

to write more concerning Jugurtha : also I have experienced 



154 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

antea, parum fidei esse miserls. Nisi tamen 

before, little of faith (credit) to be to the wretched. Unless however 

intelligo ilium petere supra quam ego^um, 

I understand him to seek (something) above than I am, 

neque sperare vestram 

[something higher than myself], neither to hope-for your 

amicitiam et meum regnum simul. Occultum-est 

friendship and my kingdom together. It has been concealed 

nemini utrum existumet gravius. Nam occidit 

to no-one which he may think more-serious. For he killed 

meum fratrem Hiempsalem initio ; dein 

my brother Hiempsal in the beginning; afterwards 

expulit me patrio regno. Quae sane 

he expelled me from (my) paternal kingdom. "What indeed 

fuerint nostrse injurise, nihil ad vos. 

may have been (have been) our wrongs, (is) nothing to you. 

Verum nunc tenet vestrum regnum armis : tenet 

But now he possesses your kingdom by arms : he holds 

clausum, atque obsidet me, quem vos posuistis 

shut (confined), and besieges me, whom you have placed 

imperatorem Numidis : mea pericula declarant 

(as) a ruler to the Numidians : my dangers declare 

quanti fecerit verba lega- 

of how-much (value) he may have made (has made) the words of the am- 

torum. Quid est reliquum, quo possit moveri, 

bassadors. What is remaining, by which he may be-able to be moved, 

nisi vestra vis ? Nam ego quidem vellem et 

unless your force ? For I indeed should wish and (both) 

hsec, quae scribo, et ilia quae antea 

these (words), which I write, and those (things) which before 

questus-sum in senatu, forent vana 

I have complained in the senate, might be (were) vain (groundless) 

potiusquam mea miseria faceret fidem verbis. 

rather-than my misery should make faith (credit) to (my) words. 

Sed quoniam natus-sum eo, ut essem ostentui 

But since I have been born for-this, that I might be for a spectacle 

scelerum Jugurthse, jam non-deprecor mortem 

ofthe wickednesses of Jugurtha, now I do not-deprecate death 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 155 

neque aerumnas, tantummodo imperlum inimici, et 

nor miseries, but-only the command of an enemy, and 

cruciatus corporis. Consulite regno 

tortures of body. Consult (provide) for the kingdom 

Numidlae quod est vestrum uti libet : eripite 

of Numidia which is your-own as it pleases (you) : rescue 

me ex impiis manibus, per majestatem 

me from impious hands, by (for the sake of) the majesty 

imperii, per fidem amicitise; si ulla memoria 

of the empire, by the faith of friendship; if any recollection 

mei avi Masinissse remanet apud vos." 

of my grand-sire Masinissa remains among you." 

His literis recitatis, fuere 

These letters (this letter) having been read-aloud, there were (some) 

qui censerent exercitum mittendum 

who might think (thought) an army to-be-sent (should be sent) 

in Africam, et subveniendum Atherbali 

into Africa, and to-be-relieved to Adherbal [and Atherbal re- 

quamprimum, uti interim 

lieved] as-soon-as-possible, that [in the mean time] 

consuleretur de Jugurtha, quoniam 

it should be deliberated concerning Jugurtha, since 

non-paruisset legatis. x Sed 

he might not have obeyed (had not obeyed) to the ambassadors. But 

enisum summ^ ope ab illis isdem 

(it was) endeavoured with the utmost might by those same 

fautoribus regis, tale decretum ne-fieret. 

favourers of the king, (that) such a decree might not-be-made. 

Ita publicum bonum, ut solet plerisque negotiis, 

Thus the public good, as is usual in most afifairs, (was) 

devictum private gratia;. Tamen nobiles majores 

overcome by private interest. However noble (men) greater 

natu usi amplis bonoribus, 

by birth (elder) having used ample honours, [having enjoyed the 

legantur in Africam : in 

highest honours of the state], are deputed into Africa : among 

quis fuit Marcus Scaurus, de quo memoravimus 

whom was Marcus Scaurus, of whom we have recorded 



156 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

supra, consularis et turn princeps senati. Hi, 

above, a consular (man) and then chief of the senate. These, 

quod res erat in invidia et simul 

because the thing was in envy (odium), and at-the-same-time 

obsecrati a Numidis, ascendere 

having been besought by the Xumidians, embarked [on board] 

navim triduo, dein brevi adpulsi Uticam, 

a ship in-three-days, then shortly being carried (to) Utica, 

mittunt literas ad Jugurtbam, accedat 

send letters (a letter) to Jugurtha, (that) he may repaii 

quam-ocissume ad provinciam ; se 

(to repair) as quickly as possible to the province; themselves 

missos (esse) ad eum ab senatu. Ille, ubi 

to have been sent to him by the senate. He, when 

accepit, claros homines, auctoritatem 

he received (intelligence), [that] illustrious men, the authority 

quorum audiverat pollere Romse, venisse 

of whom he had heard to prevail at Rome, to have come [had come] 

contra suum inceptum, primo commotus metu, 

against his undertaking, at-firsfc moved by fear, 

at que lubidine, agitabatur divorsus. 

and by passion, was agitated different (in different ways). 

Timebat iram senatus, ni paruisset 

He did fear the anger of the senate, unless he might have obeyed 

legatis : porro animus, caecus 

(had obeyed) to the ambassadors : moreover (his) mind, blind 

cupidine, rapiebat ad inceptum scelus. 

with desire, did hurry (him) to the undertaken wickedness. 

Tamen pravum consilium vicit in avido 

However the depraved design conquered in (his) covetous 

ingenio. Igitur, exercitu circumdato, 

(ambitious) disposition. Therefore, the army having been placed-around, 

nititur summa vi irrumpere Cirtam, 

he endeavours with the utmost force to break-into Cirta, 

maxume sperans sese inventurum casum victorise 

chiefly hoping himself about-to-find a chance of victory 

aut vi aut dolis, manu hostium 

either by force or by stratagems, the band [the forces] of the enemies 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 157 

diducta;. Ubi quod procedit secus, 

having been separated. When which (attempt) proceeds otherwise, 

neque potest efficere quod intenderat, uti potiretur 

neither can-he effect what be had designed, that he might possess 

Atherbalis priusquam conveniret legates ; venit 

of Adherbal before-that be might meet the ambassadors; he came 

cum paucis equitibus in provinciam, ne morando 

with (a) few horsemen into the province, lest by delaying 

amplius, incenderet Scaurum, quera metuebat 

more (longer), he might incense Scaurus, whom he did fear 

plurimum. Ac tametsi graves minse nunciabantur 

very-much. And although heavy threats were announced 

verbis senatus, quod non-desisteret ab 

in the words of the senate, because he would not-desist from 

oppugnatione, tamen multa oratione consumpta, 

the siege, yet much speech being wasted, 

legati discessere frustra. Postquam ea 

the ambassadors departed in-vain. After that those (things) 

audita-sunt Cirtse, Italici, virtute quorum moenia 

were heard at Cirta, the Italians, by the valour of whom the walls 

defensabantur, confisi, deditione fecta, sese 

were defended, having trusted, a surrender being made, themselves 

fore inviolatos propter magnitudinem 

to be about-to-be [would be] uninjured on-account-of the greatness 

Romani populi, suadent Atherbali, uti tradat 

of the Roman people, persuade to Adherbal, that he may deliver 

que se et oppidum Jugurthse, tantum paciscatur 

both himself and the town to Jugurtha, only may bargain 

vitam ab eo ; de caeteris 

[and only bargain] for life from him ; concerning the others 

fore curse senatui. 

to be-about-to-be for a care to the senate. [That the senate would care 

At ille, tametsi rebatur omnia 

for the rest.] But he, although he did suppose all (things) 

potiora fide Jugurthge, tamen quia potestas 

preferable (than) the faith of Jugurtha, however because the power 

cogendi erat penes eosdem, si adversaretur, 

of compelling (him) was in-the-power-of the same, if he should oppose, 

14 



158 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

fecit deditionem ita, uti Italici censuerant. Igitur 

made a surrender so, as the Italians had resolved. Therefore 

Jugurtha in primis necat Atherbalem 

Jugurtha in (among) the first puts-to-death Adherbal 

excruciatum : deinde interfecit omnes Numidas 

having been tortured : aftewards he killed all the Numidian 

puberes, atque negotiatores promiscu^, uti quisque 

youths, and merchants promiscuously, as each 

fuerat obvius armatis. Quod postquam 

had been opposite (met) to the armed (men). "Which after that 

cognitum-est Komse, et res coepta(est) agitari 

it was known at Rome, and the thing was begun to be agitated 

in senatu ; illi iidem ministri regis leniebant 

in the senate; those same servants of the king did mitigate 

atrocitatem facti interpellando, ac saepe gratia, 

the atrocity of the deed by interrupting, and often by interest, 

interdum trahendo tempus jurgiis. Ac ni 

sometimes by protracting the time in contentions. And unless 

Caius Memmius, tribunus designatus plebis, acer 

Caius Memmius, tribune elect of the people, an acute 

vir, et infestus potentise nobilitatis, edocuisset 

man, and hostile to the power of the nobility, might have instructed 

Bomanum populum, id agi, 

(had instructed) the Roman people, that to be acted, [that it was 

uti scelus Jugurthae condonaretur 

in agitation,] that the wickedness o.f Jugurtha might be pardoned 

per paucos factiosos, profecto omnis 

through (a) few factious (persons), in-deed all 

invidia dilapsa-foret consultationibus 

the envy (odium) would have passed-away by the deliberations 

prolatandis. Tanta erat 

to-be-deferred (by deferring the deliberations). So-great was 

vis gratise, atque pecuniae regis. Sed ubi 

the force of the interest, and of the money of the king. But when 

senatus, conscientia delicti, timet populum, 

the senate, from a consciousness of crime, fears the people, 

provinciae Numidia atque Italia decretge (sunt) 

the provinces Numidia and Italy were decreed 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 159 

futurls consulibus Sempronia lege : Publlus 

to the future consuls by the Sempronian law : Publius 

Scipio Nasica, Lucius Bestia Calpurriius declarati (sunt) 

Scipio Nasica, Lucius Bestia Calpurnius were declared 

consules : Numidia obvenit Calpurnio, Italia 

consuls : Numidia came-by-lot to Calpurnius, Italy 

Scipioni. Dein exercitus scribitur, qui 

to Scipio. Afterwards an army is written (levied), which 

portaretur in Africam : stipendium, que alia, 

should be carried into Africa: pay, and other 

quae forent usui bello, decernuntur. At 

(things), which might be for use in war, are decreed. But 

Jugurtha, nuncio accepto contra spem, quippe 

Jugurtha, a message being received against hope, forsooth 

cui hseserat in animo omnia 

(one) to whom it had settled in mind (who thought) all (things) 

venire Romse ; mittit filium et duos familiares 

to be-venal at Rome ; sends (his) son and two intimate 

cum eo legatos ad senatum ; que 

(friends) with him (as) ambassadors to the senate; and 

prsecipit iis uti illis, quos miserat, Hierapsale 

directs to these as to those, whom he had sent, Hiempsal 

interfecto, aggrediantur 

having been killed, (that) may attempt [that they should attempt] 

omnis (omnes) mortalis (mortales) pecunia: 

(to bribe) all mortals with money : 

qui postquam adventabant Romam, senatus 

who after that they did approach (to) Rome, the senate 

consultus-est a Bestia, ne placeret 

was consulted by Bestia, whether it might please (them) 

legates Jugurthge recipi moenibus ; 

the ambassadors of Jugurtha to be received in the walls (the city)j 

que ii decrevere, ut decederent Italia in 

and these decreed, that they should depart from Italy in 

proxumis decem diebus, ni venissent 

the next ten days, unless they might have come (had come) 

deditum regnum que ipsum. Consul 

to surrender the kingdom and [and the king] himself. The consul 



160 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

jubet nunciari Numidis ex decreto 

orders (it) to be told to the Numidians according-to the decree 

senatus. Ita illi discedunt donmm, rebus 

of the senate. Thus they depart home, (their) affairs 

infectis. Interim Calpurnius, exercitu 

being unaccomplished. Mean-time Calpurnius, an army 

parato, legat sibi 

being prepared, deputes to himself [selects for himself lieutenants] 

nobiles homines factiosos, auctoritate quorum 

noble men factious, by the authority of whom 

sperabat, quae deliquisset fore 

he did hope, what he might have transgressed to be about-to be [would 

munita, in . qnis fuit Scaurus, de natura et 

be] protected, amongst whom was Scaurus, of the nature and 

habitu cujus memoravimus supra. Nam multae 

disposition of whom we have recorded above. Tor many 

que bonse artes animi et corporis erant in 

and. good arts (qualities) of mind and of body were in 

nostro consule ; omnis (omnes) quas avaritia 

our consul; all which avarice 

prsepediebat. Patiens laborum, aeri ingenio, 

did hinder. Patient of labours, with (of) a sharp disposition, 

satis providens, baud ignarus belli, firmissimus 

sufiiciently provident, not ignorant of war, most-firm 

contra pericula et insidias. Sed legiones 

against dangers and snares. But the legions 

transvectse (sunt) per Italiam Khegium, atque 

were conveyed through Italy (to) Rhegium, and 

inde Siciliam, porro ex Sicilia in Africam. 

thence (to) Sicily, moreover from Sicily into Africa. 

Igitur CalpurniuSj commeatibus paratis initio, 

Therefore Calpurnius, provisions being prepared in the beginning, 

acriter ingressus est Numidiam; que cepit multos 

vigorously entered Numidia; and took many 

mortalis (mortales), et aliquot urbis (urbes) pugnando. 

men, and some cities by fighting. 

Sed ubi Jugurtha coepit tentare pecuni^ 

But when Jugurtha began to try (tempt him) with money 



- SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 161 

per legates, que ostendere asperltatem 

through ambassadors, and to show the roughness (difficulty) 

belli, quod administrabat, animus, seger avaritia, 

of the war, which he did manage, (his) mind, sick with avarice, 

conversus-est facile. Caeteriim Scaurus assumitur 

was changed easily. But Scaurus is chosen (as) 

socius et administer omnium consiliorum; qui 

an associate and manager of all (his) designs; who 

tametsi impugnaverat regem acerrume a principio, 

although he had opposed the king most-sharply from the beginning, 

plerisque ex factione ejus corruptis, 

most of the faction of him [of his party] being corrupted, 

tamen abstractus-est a bono que honesto in 

yet he was drawn-away from good and honourable into 

pravum magnitudine pecuniae. Sed Jugurtha primum 

depraved by the greatness of the money. But Jugurtha at-first 

redimebat tantummodo moram belli, existumans sese 

did purchase only a delay of war, thinking himself 

effecturum aliquid interim Komae pretio, 

about-to-eflfect some (thing) in-the-mean-time at Rome by price 

aut gratia; vero posteaquam accepit 

(bribery), or by interest; but after-that he received (heard) 

Scaurum participem negotii, adductus in maxumam 

Scaurus partaker of the business, led into the greatest 

spem pacis recuperandse, 

hope of peace to-be-recovered (of recovering peace), 

statuit prsesens agere cum eis 

he resolved present (personally) to act (treat) with them 

de omnibus pactionibus. Cseterum 

about all agreements. [About a treaty.] But 

interea, causa fidei, Sextius mittitur a 

mean-time, for the sake of faith, Sextius is sent by 

consule quaestor in Vaccam, oppidum Jugurthse ; 

by the consul (as) questor into Vacca, a town of Jugurtha; 

species cujus rei erat acceptio frumenti, quod 

the pretence of which thing was the receiving of corn, which 

Calpurnius palam imperaverat legatis, quoniam 

Calpurnius openly had ordered to the ambassadors, since 

14* 



162 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

inducise agitabantur mora deditionis. 

truces were agitated (continued) by the delay of surrender. 

Igitur rex venit in castra {pi-) uti constituerat : 

Therefore the king came into the camp, as he had resolved : 

ac locutus pauca, consilio prsesenti, 

and having spoken a few (words), the council (being) present, 

de invidi^ sui facti, atque ut acciperetur 

of the envy (odium) of his deed, and that he might be received 

in deditionem, transegit reliqua secreta cum 

into surrender, transacted the remaining (things) secret with 

Besti^ et Scauro : dein accipitur in deditionem 

Bestia and Scaurus : then he is received into surrender 

postero die, sententiis exquisitis quasi 

on the following day, the opinions being sought (taken) [as-if ] 

per-saturam. Sed uti imperatum-erat pro consilio, 

indiscriminately. But as it had been commanded before the council, 

triginta eleplianti, pecus, atque multi equi, cum 

thirty elephants, cattle, and many horses, with 

non parvo pondere argenti traduntur qusestori. 

not a small weight of silver are delivered to the questor. 

Calpurnius proficiscitur E-omam ad magistratus 

Calpurnius sets-out (to) Rome to magistrates 

rogandos. 

to-be-asked (to elect magistrates). [To preside at the election of magis 

Pax agitabatur in Numidia et nostro 

trates.] Peace was agitated (enjoyed) in Numidia and in our 

exercitu. Postquam fama divulgavit res gestas 

army. After that fame divulged the things carried-on 

in Africa, que quo modo actse-forent, 

in Africa, and in what manner they might have been done (had been 

agitari de facto consulis 

done), (it began) to be discussed concerning the deed of the consul 

Romse per omnis (omnes) locos et conventus. 

at Rome through all places and assemblies. 

Gravis invidia apud plebem : patres erant 

Heavy envy (odium) among the commonalty ; the fathers were 

soliciti; paruum-constabat ne probarent tantum 

anxious j it was not-evident whelber they should approve so-great 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 163 

flagitium, an subverterent decretum consulis. Ac 

villany, or should overthrow the decree of the consul. And 

potentia Scauri, quod is ferebatur auctor et socius 

the power of Scaurus, because he was reported the adviser and associate 

Bestise, maxume impediebat eos k vero que honesto. 

of Bestia, chiefly did prevent them from true and honourable 

At Caius Memmius, de libertate cujus 

(conduct). But Caius Memmius, of the freedom of whose 

ingenii, et odio potentise nobilitatis diximus supra, 

disposition, and hatred of the power of the nobility we have said above, 

inter dubitationem et moras senatus hortari 

(began) amid the hesitation and delays of the senate to encourage 

populum concionibus ad-vindicandum : 

the people in assemblies to vindicate (punish such conduct) : 

monere ne-desererent rempublicam, ne suam 

to advise they would not-forsake the republic, not their-own 

libertatem : ostendere multa superba, crudelia facinora 

liberty : to point-out many proud, cruel crimes 

nobilitatis : prorsus intentus, accendebat animum 

of the nobility : altogether intent, he did inflame the mind (spirit) 

plebis omni modo. Sed quoniam facundia 

of the commonalty in every manner. But since the eloquence 

Memmii fuit clara que pollens Romse eS- 

of Memmius was illustrious and powerful at Rome at that 

tempestate, existumavi decere perscribere unam 

time, I have thought (it) to be-fit to transcribe one 

orationem ejus ex tarn multis ; ac dicam potissumum 

speech of him out-of so many ; and I will say chiefly 

ea quae disseruit in concione post reditum 

those (words) which he discussed in the assembly after the return 

Bestise, verbis hujusmodi : 

of Bestia, in words of this-kind : 

" Multa dehortantur me a vobis, 

"Many (things) dissuade me from (addressing) you, 

ni studlum reipublicae superet omnia ; opes 

unless (my) zeal for the republic may surmount all; the resources 

factionis, vestra patientia, nullum jus; ac maxum^, 

of a faction, your-own patience, no right; and chiefly. 



164 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

quod est plus periculi quam honoris innocentige. 

because (there) is more of danger than of honour to innocence 

Nam quidem piget dicere ilia, 

(integrity). For indeed it grieves (me) to say those (things), 

quam fueritis his XV (quindecim) 

how you may have been (ye have been) in these fifteen 

annis ludibrio superbige paucorum : quam foede que 

years for a sport to the pride of a few : how disgracefully and 

quam inulti vestri defensores perierint ; 

how unrevenged your defenders may have perished (have pe- 

uti animus sit vobis corruptus 

rished) ; that the mind maybe to you (your mind is) corrupted 

vobis ab ignavia atque socordia: qui exsurgitis ne 

for you by indolence and slothfulness : who rise [not] 

quidem nunc, inimicis obnoxiis, 

even now, (your) enemies (being) obnoxious, [being in 

atque etiam nunc 

your power, on account of their corruption], and even now 

timetis eos, quibus decet vos esse terrori. Sed 

fear them, to whom it becomes you to be for a terror. But 

quamquam hsec sunt talia, tamen animus 

although these (things) are such, yet (tny) mind 

gubigit ire obviam potentige factionis. 

forces (me) to go toward (to oppose) to the power of a faction. 

Certe ego experiar libei^tatem quae tradita-est mihi 

Surely I will try-for the liberty which has been delivered to me 

a meo parente ; veriam situm-est in vestra manu, 

from my parent,' but it is placed in your hand, 

Quirites ! faciam id frustra, 

[in your power], Romans ! (whether) I may do that in-vain, 

an ob rem. Neque ego hortor 

or on-account-of the thing (effectually). Neither [do] I exhort 

VOS quod vestri majores fecere saepe, uti eatis 

you (to think) which your ancestors have done often, that you may go 

armati contra injurias. Est nihil opus 

armed against injuries. There is nothing (no) need with (of) 

vi, nihil secessione. Est necesse ipsi 

force, nothing with (of) secession. It is necessary (that) they 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 165 

eant prsecipites suomet more. Tiberio Gracclio 

may go headlong in theLr-own manner. Tiberius Gracchus 

occiso, quem aiebant parare regnum, graves 

being slain, whom they did say to prepare (aim at) kingdom, heavy 

qusestiones habitse-sunt in Romanam plebem. 

inquisitions were held against the Romau commonalty. 

Multi mortales necati-sunt in carcere, post caedem 

Many men have been put-to-death iu prison, after the slaughter 

Caii Gracchi, et Marci Fulvii, item vestri ordinis. 

orCaius Gracchus, and of Marcus Fulvius, also of your order. 

Non lex, sed lubido eorum fecit finem utriusque 

Not law, but the caprice of them has made an end of each 

cladis. Sed san^ fuerit paratio . regni, 

slaughter. But indeed it may have been a procuring of kingdom, 

restituere sua jura plebi. Quidquid 

to restore their-own rights to the commonalty. Whatsoever 

nequitur ulcisci sine sanguine civium, 

is-unable (they are-unable) to avenge without the blood of citizens, 
[let whatever could not have been punished, without shedding the blood 

factum-sit jure. Taciti indignabamini 

of citizens], may have been done by right. Silent you were-indignant 

serarium expilari 

the treasury to be plundered [at the plundering of the treasury] 

superioribus annis ; reges et liberos populos 

in former years ; [that] kings and free people 

pendere vectigal paucis nobilibus ; et summam 

to pay [pay] tribute to a few nobles j and the highest 

gloriam et maxumas divitias esse penes 

glory and the greatest riches to be in-the-power-of 

eosdem : tamen habuere parum susce- 

thesame: yet they have had (accounted it) little tohaveunder- 

pisse lisec talia facinora impune : itaque postremo, 

taken these such crimes with impunity: therefore lastly, 

leges, vestra majestas, omnia divina et humana, 

the laws, your majesty, all divine and human (things), 

tradita-sunt hostibus. Neque pudet aut poenitet 

have been delivered to enemies. Neither does it shame or grieve 



166 SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 

eos qui fecere ea : sed incedunt magnlfice 

those who have done those (things) : but they strut pompously 

per vestra ora, ostentantes sacerdotia, et 

through (before) your faces, displaying priesthoods, and 

consulatus, pars suos triumphos : perinde-quasi 

consulates, part their-own triumphs : just-as-if 

habeant ea honori, non prsedse. Servi 

they may have these for honour, not for plunder. Slaves 

parati sere, perferunt non injusta imperia 

procured by brass (money), bear not the unjust commands 

dominorum : Quirites, nati imperio, vos-toleratis 

of masters : Romans, bora for command, do you-endure 

servitutem sequo animo ? At qui sunt hi 

slavery with even mind [calmly] ? But who are those 

qui occupavere rempublicam ? Sceleratissumi homines, 

who have seized the republic ? The most-wicked men, 

cruentis manibus, immani avaritia, nocentlssumi, 

with bloody hands, with (of) dreadful avarice, most-injurious, 

que iidem superbissumi : quibus fides, decus, pietas, 

and the same most-proud : to whom faith, honour, piety, 

postremo, omnia honesta atque inhonesta sunt 

lastly, all honourable and dishonourable (things) are 

qugestui. Pars eorum, habent pro munimento, 

for gain. Part of them, have for a bulwark, 

occidisse tribunes * plebis, alii injustas 

to have killed tribunes of the commonalty, others unjust 

quaestiones, plerique fecisse coedem in vos : ita 

inquisitions, most to have done slaughter against you: thus 

quam quisque fecit pessume, tam est maxume 

as each has done most-badly, so is-he most 

tutus ; transtulere 

safe J [the worse any one has acted the safer he is]; they have transferred 

metum a suo scelere ad vestram ignaviam : 

fear from their-ovvn wickedness to your indolence : 

omnis (omnes) quos cupere eadem, odisse eadem, 

all whom to desire the same, to have hated the same, 

metuere eadem coegit in unum. Sed hsec est 

to fear the same has collected into one (body). But this is 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 167 

amicitia inter bonos, factio inter malos. Quod si 

friendship among the good, faction among the bad. But if 

vos haberetis curam libertatis tarn, quam illi 

you might have a care of liberty so, as they 

accensi-sunt ad dominationem ; profecto respublica 

have been inflamed to tyranny; indeed the republic 

neque vastaretur sicuti nunc, et vestra beneficia 

neither would be desolated as now, and your - favours 

forent penes optiimos, non audacissumos. 

[of offices] would be in-the-power-of the best, not the most-daring. 

Vestri majores armati, bis occupavere Aventinum 

Your ancestors armed, twice occupied the Aventine (mount) 

per secessionem gratia juris parandi et 

by a secession for-the-sake of justice to be procured and 

majestatis constituendse ; nonne vos-nitemini 

of dignity to-be-established; whether (or-not) will you endeavour 

summa ope pro libertate, quam accepistis 

with the utmost might for the liberty, which you have received 

ab illis'? atque vehementiiis eo quo est 

from them? and the more-earnestly therefore by-how-much it is 

majus dedecus amittere parata, quam non 

a greater disgrace to lose (things) obtained, than not 

paravisse omnino ! Aliquis dicet, Quid 

to have acquired (them) at-ail ! Some-one will say. What 

igitur censes? vindicandum in 

therefore thinkest-thou ? (it is) to-be-vindicated against [why that 

eos, qui prodidere 

punishment should be inflicted on] those, who have betrayed 

rempublicam hosti, non manu, neque vi; 

the republic to the enemy, not by hand (action), neither by force; 

quod est magis indignum vos fecisse, qu^m 

which is more unworthy (for) you to have done, than 

accidisse illis : verum quaetionibus et indi- 

to have happened to them: but by examinations and by the informa- 

cio Jugurthae ipsius. Qui, si est dedititius, 

tion of Jugurtha himself. Who, if he is a surrenderer 

erit profecto obediens vestris jussis : sin 

will be indeed obedient to your commands : but-if 



168 SALLIJSTII JUGITRTHA. 

contemnit ea, scilicet getimabitis qualis ilia 

he despises those, forsooth you will estimate vphat-sort that 

pax 'aut deditlo sit, ex qua impunitas 

peace or suiTender may be, from which impunity 

scelerum ad Jugurtham, maxumse divitiae 

of (for) crimes (accrues) to Jugurtha, the greatest riches 

pervenerint ad paucos potentis (potentes), damna 

may have come to a few powerful (persons), losses 

atque dedecora in rempublicam. Nisi etiam forte 

and disgraces to the republic. Unless [also] perhaps 

satietas dominationis eorum nondum tenet vos : 

a satiety of the tyranny of them not-yet possesses you : 

et ilia tempera, ciim regna, provinciae, leges, jura, 

and those times, when kingdoms, provinces, laws, rights, 

judicia, bella atque paces, postremo omnia divina 

judgments, wars and peaces, lastly all divine 

et humana erant penes paucos, placent 

and human (things) were in-the-power-of a few, please 

magis quam base : autem vos, hoc est, Romanus 

more than these (times) : but you, this is, the Roman 

populus, invicti ab hostibus, imperatores omnium 

people, unconquered by enemies, rulers of all 

gentium habebatis satis retinere animam. 

nations did have (did account it) sufficient to retain existence. 

Nam quidem quis vestrum audebat recusare servitutem ? 

For indeed who of you did dare to refuse slavery? 

Atque tametsi ego existumo flagitiosissumum viro 

And although I think (it) most-disgraceful to a maa 

accepisse injuriam impune ; tamen paterer 

to have received injury with-impunity ; yet I would suffer 

sequo animo vos ignoscere sceleratissumis 

with even (patient) mind you to pardon to the most-wicked 

hominibus, quoniam sunt cives ni misericordia 

men, since they are citizens unless compassion 

esset casura in perniciem. Nam et fecisse 

might be about-to-fall into destruction. For and (also) to have done 

male impune est parum illis, quantum 

badly with-impunity is little to them, how-great (so much) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 169 

importunitatis habent, nisi deinde 

of vexation [of insolence] they have, unless afterwards 

licentia faciundi eripitur, et seterna 

the privilege of doing (so) is taken-away, and eternal 

solicitudo remanebit vobis, cum intelligetis aut 

anxiety will remain to you, when you shall understand either 

esse-serviendum, aut libertatem 

to be-enslaved, [that you are either to be enslaved] or liberty 

retinendam per manus. Nam quidem quae spes 

to-be-retained by hands (force). For indeed what hope 

fidei aut concordise est ? Illi volunt dominari ; 

of faith or of concord is there? They will to tyrannise ; 

vos esse liberi : illi facere injurias, vos probibere : 

you [will] to be free : they to do injuries, you to prohibit 

postremo utuntur vestris sociis, veluti bostibus, 

(them) : lastly they use your allies, as enemies, 

bostibus pro sociis. Ne potest pax aut 

(your) enemies for allies. Whether can peace or 

amicitia esse in mentibus tam divorsis ? Quare 

friendship be in minds so different? Wherefore 

moneo que bortor vos, ne-dimittatis tantum 

I advise and exhort you, (that) you may not-dismiss so great 

scelus impunitum. Peculatus serarii factus-est 

wickedness unpunished. A robbery of the treasury has been made 

non ; neque pecuniae ereptse sociis per vim : quae 

not; neither moneys snatched from allies by force: which 

quamquam sunt gravia, tamen babentur jam 

although they are heavy (crimes), yet are had now 

pro nibilo consuetudine : auctoritas senatus 

for nothing by custom : the authority of the senate 

prodita (est) acerrumo hosti : vestrum imperium 

has been betrayed to your most-fierce enemy : your dominion 

proditum : respublica fuit venalis domi que militiae. 

betrayed : the republic has been venal at home and abroad. 

Quae nisi quaesita-erunt, nisi 

Which unless it shall have been inquired-into, unless (it shall be) 

vindicatum in noxios, quid erit reliquum, 

vindicated against the guilty, what will be remaining, 

15 



170 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

nisi lit vivamus obedientes illis qui fecere ea? 

unless that we may live obedient to those who have done those 

Nam facere quaelibet impune id est 

(things)? For to do any (things) with-iinpunity, that is 

esse regem. Neque ego-hortor vos, Qiiirites ! utl 

to be king. Neither do I exhort you, Romans ! that 

jam malitis vestros civis (cives) fecisse perperam 

now you-may-rather your citizens to have done amiss 

quam recte : sed ne eatis perditum bonos, 

than rightly: but lest you may go to destroy the good, 

ignoscendo malis. Ad-hoc prsestat multo in 

by pardoning to the bad. To this (besides) it is better by much in 

republica; esse immemorem beneficii quam maleficii. 

a republic to be unmindful of a kindness than of injury. 

Bonus tantummodo fit segnior, ubi 

A good (man) only is made more-careless, when 

negligas ; at malus improbior. 

thou mayest neglect (him); but a bad (man) more wicked. 

Ad-boc, si injuriae sint non, haud-egeas auxilii 

Besides, if injuries be not, thou mayest not-want of aid 

ssepe. 

often. 

Caius Memmius dicundo hsec atque alia 

Caius Memmius by saying these and other (things) 

bujuscemodi persuadet Romano populo, uti Lucius 

of this-kind persuades to the Roman people, that Lucius 

Cassius, qui tum erat praetor, mitteretur ad 

Cassius, who then was pretor, should be sent to 

Jugurtbam, que duceret eum Romam, publica 

Jugurtha, and should lead him (to) Rome, the public 

fide interposita, quo delicta Scauri 

faith having been interposed, in-order-that the transgressions of Scaurus 

et reliquorum, quos arcessebant pecuniae captae, 

and of the rest, whom they did accuse of money being taken, 

patefierent indicio regis. Bum 

might be-open (be discovered) by the information of the king. Whilst 

haec geruntur Romae, qui relicti in 

these (things) are carried-on at Rome, (they) who having been left in 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 171 

Numidia ab Bestia prseerant exercitui, secuti 

Numidia by Bestia did preside to the army, having followed 

morem sui imperatoris, fecere plurima et 

the custom of their commander, did very-many and 

flagitioslsslma facinora. Fuere qui corrupt! 

most-disgraceful crimes. There were (some) who being corrupted 

auro, traderent (imp. sub.) elephantos 

by gold, might (did) deliver the elephants 

Jugurthae ; alii venderent perfugas ; pars 

toJugurtha; others might (did) sell the deserters ; part 

agebant praedas ex pacatis. Tanta vis 

did drive-away plunder from pacified (provinces). So-great a force 

avaritise invaserat in animos eorum veluti 

of avarice had invaded against the minds of them as 

tabes. At Cassius praetor, rogatione 

a pestilence. But Cassius the pretor, an inquiry 

perlat^ h Caio Memmio, ac omni 

having been carried (passed) by Caius Memmius, and all 

nobilitate perculsa, proficiscitur ad Jugurtbam : 

the nobility being-struck (terrified), sets-out to Jugurtha: 

que persuadet ei, timido, et diffidenti suis rebus, 

and persuades to him, fearful, and distrusting to his affairs, 

ex conscientia:, quoniam dedidisset 

from conscience, since he might have surrendered (had sur- 

se Romano populo, ne-malit experiri 

rendered) himself to the Pioman people, thathe may not-rather to try 

vim quam misericordiam ejus : prseterea 

the force than compassion of it (them) : besides 

interponit suam fidem privatim, quam ille 

he interposes his-own faith privately, which he (Jugurtha) 

ducebat non minoris quam publicam 

did lead (think) not of less (value) than the public (faith). 

Talis erat fama de Cassio ea tempestate. Igitur 

Such was the fame of Cassius at that time. Therefore 

Jugurtha venit Romam cultu quam maxum^ 

Jugurtha came (to) Rome in habit as most 

miserabili contra regium decus. 

miserable contrary-to royal honour. [In mean dress, incon- 



172 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

At tametsi magna vis animi 

sistent with royal dignity.] But although great strength of mind 

erat in ipso, confirmatus ab omnibus, potenti^ 

was in himself, being strengthened by all, by the power 

aut scelere quorum gesserat cuncta ea 

or wickedness of whom he had carried-on all those (things) 

quae memoravimus supra, parat Caium 

which we have recorded above, he prepares (procures) Caius 

Esebium, tribunum plebis, magna mercede, 

BcJbbius, a tribune of the common-people, by a great reward, 

impudentia cujus munitus-foret contra jus et 

by the impudence of whom he might be secured against law and 

omnis (omnes) injurias. At Caius Memmius, 

all injuries. But Caius Memmius, 

condone advocata, quamquam plebes erat 

an assembly being summoned, although the commonalty was 

infesta regi, et pars jubebat duci in 

hostile to the king, and part did order (him) to be led into 

vincula, pars supplicium sumi de hoste 

chains, part punishment to be taken of the enemy 

more majorum, ni aperiret 

in the manner of (our) ancestors, unless he would disclose 

socios sceleris ; consulens magis dignitati 

the companions of (his) wickedness ; consulting more to dignity 

quam irse, sedare motus, et mollire 

than to anger, (began) to allay the commotions, and to soften 

animos eorum ; postremo, confirmare publicam 

the minds of them; lastly, to affirm the public 

fidem fore inviolatam per sese. 

faith to be about-to-be [should be] inviolate through himself. 

Post, ubi silentium coepit, Jugurtha producto, 

Afterwards, when silence began, Jugurtha being led-forth, 

facit verba : memorat 

he makes words: [he, Memmius, addresses him] : recounts (his) 

facinora Romse que Numidise ; ostendit scelera 

crimes at Rome and at Numidiaj shows (his) wickednesses 

in patrem que fratres ; quamquam Komanus 

towards (his) father and brothers; although the Roman 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 17?) 

populus intelligat quibus juvantibus que 

people may understand (understands) by whom assisting and 

quibus ministris egerit {perf. sub.) ea, tamen 

by what servants he may have done (he did) those (things), yet 

velle habere magis manifesta ex illo : si 

to will to have (them) more manifest from him : if 

aperiat verum, magnam spem sitam illi 

he may disclose the truth, great hope (would be) placed for him 

in fide et dementia Romani populi, sin 

in the faith and the clemency of the Roman people, but-if 

reticeat, fore non saluti 

he be silent, to-be-about-to-be not [it would not be] for safety to (his) 

sociis, sed corrupturum se que 

companions, but about-to-destroy [but would destroy] himself and 

suas spes. Dein, ubi Memmius fecit finem dicendi, 

bis hopes. Then, when Memmius made an end of speaking, 

et Jugurtba jussus-est respondere, Caius Bsebius, 

and Jugurtha was-ordered. to answer, Caius Baebius, 

tribunus plebis, quern diximus supra 

tribune of the common-people, whom we have said above (to have 

corruptum pecunia;, jubet regem tacere: ac 

been) corrupted by money, orders the king to be-silent : and 

tametsi multitude, quae aderat in concione, 

although the multitude, which was-present in the assembly, 

vebementer accensa, terrebat cum clamore, vultu, 

exceedingly inflamed, did affright with clamour, countenance 

saepe impetu, atque omnibus aliis quae 

(looks), often with violence, and with all other (things) which 

ira amat fieri ; tamen impudentia vicit. Ita 

anger loves to be done; yet impudence conquered. Thus 

populus habitus ludibrio, discedit ex concione : 

the people being held in ridicule, departs out-of the assembly : 

animi augescunt Jugurthge, que Bestise, et 

minds (spirit) increase to Jugurtha, and to Bestia, and 

cseteris, quos ilia qusestio exagitabat. Erat ea 

to the rest, whom that inquiry did harass. There was at that 

tempestate quidam Numida Romae, Massiva nomine, 

time a certain Numidian at-Rome, Massiva by name, 

15* 



174 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

filius Gulussae, nepos Maslnissse, qui quia fuerat 

son of Gulussa, grandson of Masinissa, who because he had been 

advorsus Jugurtliae in dissensione regum, Cirta; 

adverse to Jugurtha in the dissension of the kings, Cirta 

dedita, et Atherbale interfecto, profugus 

being surrendered, and Adherbal being killed, (as) an exile 

abierat ex Africa. Spurius Albinus, qui gerebat 

had departed out-of Africa. Spurius Albinus, who did carry-on 

consulatum cum Quinto Minucio Rufo proxumo anno 

the consulship with Quintus Minucius Rufus in the next year 

post Bestiam, persuadet buic, quoniam sit ex 

after Bestia, persuades to him, since he may be (is) of 

stirpe Masinissse, urgeat Jugurtham 

the stem (family) of Masinissa, (that) be may press Jugurtha 

invidiam cum metu ob scelera, 

by odium with fear on-account-of (his) wickednesses, (and) 

petat 

may seek [and as odium, with fear on account of his wickedness, pressed 

regnum Numidise 

hard on Jugurtha, he, Massiva, should seek] the kingdom of Numidia 

ab senatu. Consul, avidus belli gerundi, 

from the senate. The consul, desirous of the war to be-carried-on, 

malebat omnia moveri quam senescere. 

had-rather all (things) to be disturbed than to grow old. 

Provincia Numidia evenerat ipsi, Macedonia Minucio. 

The Province Numidia had come to him, Macedonia to Minucius. 

Quae postquam Massiva coepit agitare neque 

"Which (things) after that Massiva began to deliberate neiUier 

est satis praesidii Jugurthse in amicis ; quod 

is there sufl&cient of protection to Jugurtha in friends j because 

conscientia impediebat alium eorum, mala fama 

conscience did hinder another (one) of them, bad character 

et timor animi alium: imperat Bomilcari, proxumo 

and fear of mind another : he commands to Bomilcar, the nearest 

ac maxum^ fido sibi, paret insidiatores 

and most faithful to him, (that) he may procure assassitis 

Massivge pretio, sicuti confecerat multa ; 

for Massiva by a reward (bribe), as he had accomplished many (things); 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 175 

ac maxume occulte. Sin id parum-procedat, 

and most secretly. But-if that may not-succeed, 

interficiat Numidam quovis modo. Bomilcar maturge 

he may kill the Numidians in any manner. Bomilcar speedily 

exsequitur mandata regis, et explorat itinera, que 

executes the mandates of the king, and explores the journeys, and 

egressus ejus, postremo, 

egresses of him, [his routes, and time of leaving home], lastly, 

cuncta loca atque tempora 

all [his] places [of resort] and times [of frequenting them] 

per homines artifices talis negotii ; dein ubi 

through men skilful of (in) such business; then when 

res postulabat, tendit insidias. Igitur unus ex 

the thing did require, he lays snares. Therefore one of 

eo numero, qui parati-erant ad csedem, 

that number, who had been procured to (for) the murder, 

aggreditur Massivam paulo inconsultius, obtruncat 

attacks Massiva a little too-rashly, murders 

ilium ; sed ipse deprehensus, profitetur indicium, 

himj but he being apprehended, confesses the information, 

multis hortantibus, sed in-primis 

[gives full information], many encouraging (him), but particularly 

Albino consule. Bomilcar, comes ejus, qui venerat 

Aibinus the consul. Bomilcar, the companion of him, who had come 

Bomam publica fide, fit reus magis ex 

(to) Rome with the public faith, is made criminal rather according-to 

aequo que bono, quam ex jure gentium. 

just and good, than according-to the right of nations. 

At Jugurtha manifestus tanti sceleris, 

But Jugurtha manifest (convicted) of so-great wickedness, 

omisit non niti contra verum priusquam 

omitted not to endeavour against the truth befure-that 

animadvortit invidiam facti esse super suam 

he perceives the envy (odium) of the deed to be above his 

gratiam atque pecuniam. Igitur quamquam dederat 

interest and money. Therefore although he had given 

quinquaginta ex amicis vades in priora 

fifty of (his) friends (as) bails in the former 



176 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

actione, consulens magis 

action, [when Bomilcar was first put on trial], [consulting more 

regno, quam vadibus, dimittit Bomilcarem 

for his kingdom, than for the securities,] he sends-away Bomilcar 

clam in Numidiam, veritus ne metus parendi 

privately into Numidia, having dreaded lest a fear of obeying 

sibi invaderet reliquos popularis (populares), si 

to him might attack (his) remaining subjects, if 

supplicium sumptum-foret de illo: 

punishment might have been taken (had been taken) of him : 

et ipse jussus a senatu decedere Italia;, 

and he been ordered by the senate to depart from Italy, 

profectus-est eodem paucis diebus. Sed postquam 

set-out to the same (place) in a few days. But after that 

egressus-est Roma, tacitus, respiciens eo, fertur, 

he departed from Rome, silent, looking-back thither, he is reported, 

postremo dixisse, urbem venalem, et matur^ 

lastly to have said, the city (to be) venal, and speedily 

perituram, si invenerit emptorem. Interim Albinus, 

about-to-perish, if it shall have found a purchaser. Meantime Albinus, 

bello renovato, mature portare in Africam 

the war being renewed, (began) speedily to convey into Africa 

commeatum, stipendium, que alia, quae forent 

provision, V''^7> ^^^ other (things), which might be 

Usui militibus : ac ipse statim profectus, 

for use to soldiers : and himself immediately •set-out, 

ut conficeret bellum armis, aut deditione, aut 

that he might finish the war by arms, or by surrender, or 

quo vis modo. At Jugurtha contra trahere 

in any manner. But Jugurtha on-the-other-hand (began) to protract 

omnia, et facere alias, deinde alias caussas 

all (things), and to make other, then other causes 

morse : pollicere deditionem, ac deinde simulare 

of delay : to promise a surrender, and then to pretend 

metura : cedere instanti, et paullo post instare, 

fear: to yield (to him) urging, and a-little after to urge 

ne sui diffiderent : ita ludificare 

(him), lest bis-own (people) might distrust : thus to baffle 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 177 

consulem modo mora belli, modo pads. Ac fuere, 

the consul now by delay of war, now of peace. And there were 

qui existiimarent {imp. sub.) turn Albinum 

(some), who might (did) think then Albinus 

baud ignarum consilii regis ; neque crederent 

not ignorant of the design of the king; nor would believe 

bellum tarn facile tractuni ex tanta properantiai, 

the war so easily protracted out-of (after) so-great haste, 

magis socordia quam dolo. Sed postquam, 

raiher from inactivity than by deceit. But after-that, 

tempore dilapso, dies comitiorum 

the time having glided-away, the day of the elections 

adventabat, Albinus, fratre Aulo relicto 

did approach, Albinus, (his) brother Aulus being left 

pro praetor in castris, decessit Romam. 

[pro pretor] in the camps, departed (to) Rome. 

Respublica agitabatur atrociter ea tempestate 

The commonwealth was harassed dreadfully at that time 

Romoe tribunitiis seditionibus. P. Lucullus, 

at Rome by tribunitial seditions. Publius Lucullus, 

et L. Annius, tribuni plebis, nitebantur 

and Lucius Annius, tribunes of the people, did strive 

continuare magistratum, collegis 

to continue (their) magistracy, (their) colleagues 

resistentibus : quae dissensio impediebat comitia 

opposing (it) : which dissension did hinder the elections 

totius anni. Aulus adductus in spem ea mora;, 

of the whole year. Aulus being led into hope by that delay, 

quern diximus supra relictum (esse) propraetore in 

whom we have said above to have been left (as) propraetor in 

castris, aut belli conficiundi, aut 

the camps, either (for the sake) of the war to-be-finished, or 

pecunise capiundae ab rege terrore exercitus, 

of money to-be-taken from the king by the terror of (his) army, 

evocat milites ex hibernis in expeditionem, 

calls-out the soldiers out-of winter-quarters into an e:spedition, 

mense Januario : que magnis itineribus aspera 

in the month January: and by great marches in a rough 



1<5 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

hieme, pervenit ad oppldum Suthul, ubi thesauri 

winter, arrived at the town Suthul, where the treasures 

regis erant. Quod quanquam poterat neque 

of the king were. Which althuugh [he] was-able neither 

capi neque obsideri, et s?3vitia temporis 

to be taken nur to be besieged, both b}- the severity of the time 

et opportnriitate loci, (nam limosa 

and by the commodiousness [defences] of the place, (for a marshy 

planicies fecerat paludem hiemalibus aquis circum 

plain had made a lake from the wintry waters about 

murum situm in extremo prgerupti mentis) 

the wall situate on the extreme (edge) of a rugged mountain) 

tamen, aut gratia simulandi, quo adderet 

however, either for the sake of pretending, in-order-that he might add 

formidinem regi, aut csecus cupidine 

(strike) terror to the king, or blind with a desire 

potiundi oppidi ob tbesauros, agere 

of possessing the town on-account-of the treasures, (he began) to act 

vineas, jacere aggerem, que properare 

(advance) mantelets, to throw-up a mound, and to hasten 

alia, quoe forent usui incepto. At 

other (things), which might be for use to the undertaking. But 

Jugurtha, vanitate atque imperitia: legati 

Jugurtha, the vanity and ignorance of the lieutenant 

cognita, subdolus augere amentiam : 

being known, crafty (began) to increase (his) insanity : 

missitare supplicantis legates : ipse, quasi 

to send-often supplicating ambassadors : himself, as-if 

vitabundus ductare exercitum per saltuosa 

avoiding (him) to lead (his) army through woody 

loca, et tramites. Denique, pepulit Aulum 

places, and cross-paths. Finally, he forced Aulus 

spe pactionis, uti Suthule relicto, 

by the hope of an agreement, that Suthul being left, 

insequeretur sese in abditas regiones, veluti 

be might pursue himself into hidden (remote) regions, as-if 

cedentem : ita delicta fore occultiora. 

yielding: thus (his) transgressions to be about-to-be more secret. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 179 

Interea tentabat exercitum die que noctu, 

Meantime he did try (tempt) the army by day and by night, 

per callidos homines : corrumpere centuriones que 

by crafty men : to corrupt the centurions and 

duces turmarum, uti transfugerent ; uti alii, signo 

leaders of companies, that they might desert; that others, a sign 

dato, desererent locum. Quae postquam 

being given, might abandon the place. Which (things) after that 

instruxit ex sententia ; circumvenit castra 

be arranged according-to (his) determination; he surrounded the camps 

Auli de-improviso intempesta nocte, multitudine 

of Aulus suddenly in unseasonable night, with a multitude 

Numidarum. Komani milites, perculsi insolito 

of Numidians. The Roman soldiers, struck with the unusual 

tumultu, alii capere arma ; alii abdere se ; 

tumult, (began) others to take arms; others to hide themselves; 

pars confirmare territos ; trepidare omnibus 

part to encourage the affrighted; to tremble in all 

locis ; vis hostium magna ; coelum 

places; the force of the enemies (was) great; heaven (the sky) 

obscuratum nocte atque nubibus, periculum 

darkened by the night and bj' clouds, the danger (was) 

anceps : postremo, erat in-incerto 

double [on both sides] : lastly, it was doubtful (whether) 

foret tutius fugere an manere. Sed ex eo 

it might be safer to flee or to remain. But out-of that 

numero, quos diximus paullo ant^ corruptos-(esse), 

number, whom we have said a little before to have been corrupted, 

una cohors Ligurum, cum duabus turmis 

one cohort of Ligurians, with two companies 

Thracum, et paucis gregariis-militibus, transiere 

of Thracians, and a few common-soldiers, went-over 

ad regem, et centurio primi-pili tertise 

to the king, and a centurion of the first-order of the third 

legionis dedit locum introeundi hostibus per 

legion gave a place of entering to the enemies through 

munitionem, quam acceperat uti defenderet ; 

a fortification, which he had received that he might defend (it); 



180 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

que ea cuncti Numidae irrup^re. Nostri 

and by that all tbe Numidians burst-in. Our (men) 

plerique armis abjectis, occupavere proxumum 

most (their) arms being throwu-away, seized the nearest 

collem foeda fuga. Nox atque prgeda castrorum 

hill in shameful flight. Night and the spoil of the camps 

remorata-sunt hostes, quo minus-uterentur 

delayed the enemies, that they might not use (improve) 

victoria (ahl.) Dein Jugurtha postero die facit 

the victory. Afterwards Jugurtha in the following day makes 

verba cum Aulo in colloquio ; *' Tametsi tenet 

words with Aulus in a conference : " Although he holds 

ipsum cum exercitu clausum fame que ferro, 

him with (his) army shut-up by famine and iron 

tamen se memorem humanarum rerum ; 

(sword), however himself (to be) mindful of human things j 

si faceret foedus secum, 

if he would make a treaty with-himself, (that he would be) 

missurum omnis (omnes) incolumes sub jugum ; 

about-to-send all safe under the yoke ; 

prseterea, uti decederet Numidia decem 

besides, that he should depart from Numidia in tea 

diebus." Quse quanquam erant gravia et 

days." Which (things) although they were heavy and 

plena flagitii, tamen, quia mutabantur metu 

full of infamy, however, because they were exchanged with the fear 

mortis, pax convenit, sicuti libuerat regi. 

of death, peace was agreed-on, so-as it had pleased to the king. 

Sed ubi ea comperta-sunt Romae, metus 

But when those (things) were discovered at Rome, fear 

atque moeror invasere civitatem : pars dolere 

and sorrow attacked the state : part (began) to grieve 

pro gloria imperii ; pars, insolita bellicarum 

for the glory of the empire ; part, unused of warlike 

rerum, timere libertati. Omnes infesti 

affairs, to fear for (their) liberty. All (were) hostile 

Aulo, ac maxume qui fuerant saep^ prseclari 

to Aulus, and chiefly (those) who had been often illustrious 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 181 

bello ; quod armatus qusesiverit salutem 

in war; because being armed he may have sought safety 

dedecore potius quam manu. Consul 

by disgrace rather than by hand (by valour). The consul 

Albinus, timens invidiam ex delicto 

Albinus, fearing odium from the transgression of (his) 

fratris ob ea, ac deinde periculum, 

brother on-account-of these (things), and then danger [to him- 

consulebat senatum de foedere : et tamen 

self], did consult the senate concerning the treaty : and however 

interim scribere supplementum exercitui ; 

mean-time (began) to write (levy) an addition to the army; 

arcessere auxilia ab sociis et Latino nomine; 

to send-for auxiliaries from the allies and the Latin name; 

denique, festinare omnibus modis, Senatus decernit 

finally, to hapten in all manners. The senate decrees 

ita uti fuerat par: ^'Nullum foedus 

so as had been equal (proper) : *' No treaty 

potuisse fieri suo-injussu 

to have been-able to be made [could be made] without their-order 

atque populi." Consul impeditus k 

and (that) of the people." The consul being hindered by 

tribunis plebis, ne-portaret secum 

the tribunes of the people, (that) he might not carry with him 

copias quas paraverat, proficiscitur in Africam 

the forces which he had prepared, sets-out into Africa 

paucis diebus. Nam omnis exercitus deductus 

in a few days. For all the army being led-away 

Numidia, biemabat in provincia, uti 

from Numidia, did winter in the province, as 

convenerat. Postquam venit eo, quamquam 

it had been agreed-on. After that he came thither, although 

ardebat animo persequi Jugurtham, et mederi 

he did burn in mind to pursue Jugurtha, and to remedy 

fraternse invidiae, militibus cognitis, quos praeter 

to brotherly odium, the soldiers being known, whom besides 

fugam, imperio soluto, licentia atque 

(their) flight, authority being dissolved, licentiousness and 

16 



182 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

lascivia corruperant, statuit ex copiai 

■wantonness had corrupted, he determined from the plenty 

rerum nihil agitandum sibi. 

of things nothing to be agitated to (by) himself. [From the nature of 

Interea, C. 

the case, that nothing could be done by him.] Meantime, Caius 

Mamilius Limetanus, tribunus plebis, promulgat 

Mamilius Limetanus, tribune of the people, publishes 

rogationem ad populum Romae, "Uti qusereretur 

an inquiry (bill) to the people at Rome, "That it should be inquired 

in eos, consilio quorum Jugurtha neg- 

against those, by advice of whom Jugurtha might have (had) coq- 

lexisset decreta senati ; que qui acce- 

temned the decrees of the senate; and who might have (had) re- 

pissent pecuniae ab eo in legationibus aut imperiis ; 

ceived moneys from him in embassies or commands; 

qui tradidissent elepbantos, que qui 

who might have (had) delivered elephants, and who 

perfugas ; item qui fecissent pactiones 

deserters; likewise who might have (had) made conventions 

de pace aut bello cum hostibus.'* Partim 

about peace or war with the enemies." (Persons) partly 

conscii sibi, alii metuentes pericula ex invidi^ 

conscious to themselves, others ffearing dangers from the odium 

partium, parabant impedimenta huic rogationi, 

of parties, did prepare impediments [to this demanded-investigation], 

(quoniam poterant non resistere aperte, quin 

(since they were-able not to resist openly, but-that 

faterentur ilia et talia alia placere 

they might confess those (things) and such other (things) to please 

sibi) 

to themselves) [unless they should be content to confess those, and such 

occulte per amicos ac maxume per 

other things] secretly by (their) friends and chiefly by 

homines Latini nominis et Italicos socios. 

men of the Latin name (nation) and the Italian allies. 

Sed est incredibile memoratu, quam intenta 

But it is incredible to be related, how intent 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 183 

plebes fuerit, que quanta vi, 

tlie common-people may have been (was), and with how-great force, 

jusserit (p^r/*. suh.), decreverit, voluerit 

(they) may have ordered, may have decreed, may have willed 

rogationem, magis odio nobilitatis, cui ilia 

the inquiry (bill), more from hatred of the nobility, for whom those 

mala parabantur, quam cara reipublicse ; tanta 

evils were prepared, than from regard of the state ; so-great 

lubido erat in partibus. Igitur caeteris perculsis 

passion was in the factions. Therefore the rest being struck 

metu, M. Scaurus, quern memoravimus supra 

with fear, Marcus Scaurus, whom we have recorded above 

fuisse legatum Bestiae, inter laetltiam plebis 

to have been a lieutenant of Bestia, between the gladness of the people 

et fugam suorum, civitate etiam turn 

and the flight of his-own (friends), the state even then (being) 

trepida, cum tres quaesitoris rogarentur 

fearful, when (as) three inquisitors might be (were) demanded 

ex Mamiliana rogatione, effecerat ut 

from [by] the Mamiliau bill, [he] had accomplished that 

ipse crearetur in eo numero. Sed qugestione 

he might be created [selected] in that number. But the inquiry 

exercita aspere, que violenter ex rumore, et 

being carried-on roughly, and violently from report, and 

lubidine plebis, ut insolentia ssep^ ceperat 

the passion of the people, as intemperance often bad taken 

nobilitatem ex secundis rebus, sic plebem 

the nobility from favourable things, so (it seized) the people 

ea; tempestate. Casterum mos popularium 

in that time. But the custom of popular 

partlum, et factionum senati, ac deinde omnium 

parties, and of factions of the senate, and afterwards of all 

malarum artium, ortus-est paucis annis ante 

bad qualities [practices], arose in a few years before 

Komge, otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae 

at Rome, from leisure and the abundance of those [things] which 

mortales ducunt prima. Nam ant^ Cartbaginem 

mortals deem first. For before Carthage 



184 SALLUSTII JUGUPvTHA. 

deletam, Romanus populus et senatus '^;*actabant 

being destroyed, the Roman people and the senate did manage 

rempublicam placide que modeste intei se ; 

the commonwealth quietly and moderately amon^ themselves; 

Deque erat certamen glorige neque d^minationis 

neither was (there) a contest of glory nor of supremacy 

inter cives : hostilis metus retinebat civitatem bonis 

among citizens : the hostile fear did keep the state in good 

artibuSi Sed ubi ilia formido discessit 

qualities [practices]. But when that terror departed 

mentibus, scilicet ea lascivia atque superbia 

from (their) minds, forsooth that wantonness and pride 

quae secundse res amant, incessere. Ita postquam 

■which prosperous things loves, came-on. Thus after-that 

adepti-sunt otium, quod optaverunt in advorsis rebus, 

they obtained the leisure, which they wished in adverse things, 

fait asperius que acerbius. Namque 

it was more-rough (injurious) and more-bitter. For 

nobilitas coepere vertere dignitatem, populus 

the nobility began to turn (their) dignity, the people (their) 

libertatem, in lubidinem: quisque ducere, 

liberty, into passion: everyone (began) to draw-away, 

trahere, rapere sibi. Ita omnia abstracta-sunt 

to drag, to seize for himself. Thus all (things) were drawn-away 

in duas partis (partes). Respublica, quae fuerat 

into two parties. The commonwealth, Avhich had been 

media, dilacerata-(est). Caeterum nobilitas pollebat 

middle, was torn-asunder. But the nobility did prevail 

magis factione : vis plebis, soluta 

more in party : the force of the common-people being dissolved 

atque dispersa in multltudinem, minus-poterat : 

and scattered among the multitude, was less-powerful: 

agitabatur belli que domi arbitrio paucorum. 

it was transacted of war (abroad) and at-home by the will of a few. 

^rarium, provincise, magistratus, glorise, que triumphi 

The treasuries, the provinces, magistracies, glories, and triumphs 

erant penes eosdem ; populus urgebatur militia 

were in-the-power-of the same; [the people were harassed by war 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 185 

atque inopla; imperatores cum paucis diripiebant 

and -want;] the commanders with a few did plunder 

bellicas prsedas. Interea parentes aut parvi liberi 

the warlike spoils. Mean-while the parents or little children 

militum pellebantur sedibus, uti quisque 

of the soldiers Avere expelled from (their) settlements, as every-one 

erat confinis potentiori. Ita avaritia 

was neighbouring to a more-powerful (person). Thus avarice 

sine modo que modestia, cum potentia- 

without measure and moderation, with power (began) 

invadere, polluere, et vastare omnia ; habere 

to attack, to defile, and to waste all (things); to have 

nihil pensi, neque sancti, 

nothing of consideration, [to regard nothing], nor of sacred, [nor 

quoad ipsa praecipitavit semet. Nam 

as sacred], until it threw-headlong itself. For 

ubi-primum reperti-sunt ex nobilitate, qui 

when-first (persons) were found out-of the nobility, who 

anteponerent veram gloriam injustse potentiae, civitas 

would prefer true glory to unjust power, the state 

coepit moveri, et civilis dissensio, quasi permixtio 

began to be disturbed, and civil discord, as-if a confusioa 

terrse, oriri. ' Nam postquam Tiberius, et 

of the earth, (began) to arise. For after-that Tiberius, and 

C. Gracchus, quorum majores addiderant multum 

Caius Gracchus, whose ancestors had added much 

reipublicoe Punico atque aliis bellis, coepere vindicare 

to the state in the Punic and in other wars, began to assert 

plebem in libertatem, et patefacere scelera 

the common-people into liberty, and to expose the crimes 

paucorum ; nobilitas noxia atque eo perculsa, 

of a few; the nobility guilty and therefore struck (terrified), 

ierat-obviam actionibus Gracchorum, modo per socios 

had opposed to the processes of the Gracchi, one-time by the allies 

ac Latinum nomen, interdum per Romanos 

and the Latin name (nation), sometimes by the Roman 

equites, quos spes societatis dimoverat sL 

knights, whom the hope of a union had separated from 

16* 



186 SALLUSTII JUGTJRTHA. 

plebe: et primo necaverat ferro 

the common-people: and first had killed with the iron (sword) 

Tiberium, dein Caium post paucos annos ingredientem 

Tiberius, then Caius after a few years entering-on 

eadem, alterum tribunum, alterum triumvirum 

the same (things), the other (one) a tribune, the other a triumvir 

coloniis dedncendis, cum M. Fulvio Flacco. Et 

for colonies to-be-led-on, with Marcus Fulvius Flaccus. And 

sane animus satis moderatus fuit baud Gracchis 

truly a mind sufficiently moderate was not to the (xracchi 

cupidine victorise. Sed est satiiis vinci bono 

from eagerness of victory. But it is preferable tobe conquered in a good 

more, quam vincere injuriam malo. Igitur 

manner (cause), than to conquer injury in a bad (one). Therefore 

nobilitas, usa ea victoria/ ex sua lubidine, 

the nobility, having used that victory aceording-to their passion, 

extinxit multos mortales ferro aut fuga ; 

destroyed many mortals with the iron (sword) or by banishment; 

que addidit plus timoris quam potentise sibi in 

and added more of fear than of power to themselves unto 

reliquum. Quae res plerumque pessum- 

the rest (remaining time). "Which thing generally has preci- 

dedit magnas civitates ; dum alteri volunt 

pitated [destroyed] great states : whilst the others will 

vincere alteros quovis modo, et ulcisci victos 

to conquer the others in any manner, and to avenge the conquered 

acerbius. Sed si parem disserere singillatim aut 

more-bitterly. But if I may prepare to discuss individually or 

pro magnitudine de studiis 

in proportion-to the greatness (of the affair) about the zeala 

partium et omnibus moribus civitatis, tempus deseret 

of parties and all the morals of the state, time will fail 

maturius quam res. Quamobrem redeo 

sooner than the thing (subject). Wherefore I return 

ad inceptum. 

to the undertaking. 

Post foedus Auli que foedam fugam nostri 

After the treaty of Aulus and the disgraceful flight of our 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 187 

exercitus, Metellus et Silanus, consules designati, 

army, Metellus and Silanus, the consuls elect, 

partiverant provinclas inter se : que Numidia 

had shared the provinces between themselves : and Numidia 

evenerat Metello, acri viro, et quanquam 

had come (by lot) to Metellus, a vigorous man, and although 

adverse partibus populi, tamen 9&quabili 

adverse to the factions of the people, however with (of) steady 

et inviolata fama. Ubi is primiim ingressus-est 

and inviolate report. When he first entered-on 

magistratum, ratus omnia alia sibi cum 

the magistracy, having thought ail other (things) for himself with 

collega, intendit animum ad bellum quod 

(his) colleague, he applies (his) mind to the war which 

erat gesturus. Igitur dififidens veteri exercitui, 

he was about to carry-on. Therefore distrusting to the old army, 

scribere milites, arcessere prsesidia 

(he began) to write (levy) soldiers, to send-for protections [aid] 

undique : parare arma, tela, equos, et caetera 

from-every-side : to prepare arms, weapons, horses, and the other 

instrumenta militiae, ad hoc commeatum 

instruments of warfare, to this (besides) provision 

affatim ; denique, omnia quae solent esse 

abundantly ; finally, all (things) which are accustomed to be 

Usui in vario bello, et egenti multarum rerum. 

for use in a changeable war, and needing of many things. 

Cseterum senatus adnitebatur ad ea 

But the senate did strive to those (things) 

patranda auctoritate, socii que Latinum 

to-be-accomplished by (its) authority, the allies and the Latin 

nomen et reges mittendo auxilia ultro, 

name (nation) and kings by sending auxiliaries voluntarily, 

postremo omnis civitas summo studio. 

lastly all the state (did strive) with the highest zeal. 

Itaque omnibus rebus paratis que compositis 

Therefore all things being prepared and arranged 

ex sententia, proficiscitur in Numidiam, 

according-to determination, he sets-out into Numidia, 



188 . SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

magna spe civlum, cum propter bonas 

with great hope of the citizens, as-well on-account-of (his) good 

artis (artes), tum maxume quod gerebat invictum 

qualities, as chiefly because he did bear an unconquered 

animum advorsum divltias : ante id tempus nostrae 

mind against riches : before that time our 

opes contusae-erant que hostium auctge 

resources had been bruised and (those) of the enemies increased 

avaritia magistratuum. ? Sed ubi venit in 

by the avarice of the magistrates. But when he came into 

Africam, exercitus Spurii Albini, pro consule, 

Africa, the army of Spurius Albinus, [acting] for the consul, 

traditur ei, iners, imbellis, patiens neque 

is delivered to him, inactive, unwarlike, enduring neither 

periculi neque laboris, promptior lingua; quam 

of danger nor of labour, more-ready in tongue than 

manu, praedator ex sociis, et ipse prgeda 

in hand (action), a plunderer from allies, and itself the prey 

hostium, habitus sine imperio et modestia. Ita 

of the enemies, held without authority and moderation. Thus 

plus solicitudinis accedebat novo imperatori ex 

more of anxiety did accrue to the new commander from 

malis moribus, quam auxilii aut bonse spei 

(their) bad habits, than of aid or of good hope 

ex copia; militum. Tamen Metellus statuit 

from the abundance of the soldiers. However Metellus resolved 

non attingere bellum prius quam 

not to touch the war before than he might have (had) 

coegisset milites laborare disciplina 

compelled the soldiers to labour (under) the discipline of (our) 

majorum, quamquam mora imminuerat et tempus 

ancestors, although the delay had diminished both the time 

aestivorum comitiorum, et putabat animos 

of the summer elections, and he did think the minds 

civium intentos, expectatione eventi. Nam 

of the citizens intent-on (him), by expectation of the issue. For 

Albinus, perculsus clade fratris Auli que 

Albinus, struck with the defeat of (his) brother Aulus and 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 189 

exercituSj habebat milites plerumque stativis 

of the army, did hold the soldiers generally in stationary 

castris, quantum temporis aestivorum fuit 

camps, as-much of the time of the summer-quarters [as] he was 

in imperio, postquam decreverat non egredi 

in authority, after-that he had resolved not to go-out 

provincia, nisi cum odos aut egestas pabuli 

from the province, unless when the stench or want of forage 

subegerat mutare locum. Sed neque 

had compelled (him) to change (his) place. But neither 

vigilise deducebantur militari more ; ut 

the watches were conducted in a military manner; as 

lubebat cuique, aberat ab signis. 

it did please to every-one, he was-absent from (his) standards. 

Lixse, permisti cum militibus, vagabantur 

The victuallers, intermixed with the soldiers, did stray-about 

diu que noctu : et palantes vastare 

by-day and by night : and roving (were accustomed) to ravage 

agros, expugnare villas, certantes agere praedas 

the lands, to assault the country-seats, vying to drive booties 

pecoris et mancipiorum; que mutare ea 

of cattle and of slaves; and to exchange those 

advectitio vino et talibus aliis cum mercatoribus : 

for imported wine and such other (things) with the merchants : 

prseterea vendere frumentum datum publice, 

besides to sell the corn given publicly (at public 

mercari panem indies : postremo, quaecunque 

expense), to traffic-in bread daily : lastly, whatever 

proba ignaviae que luxurise queunt dici aut 

disgraces of laziness and of luxury can be said or 

fingi, cuncta fuere in illo exercitu, et alia 

be imagined, all (those) were in that army, and others 

amplius. Sed comperior Metellum fuisse 

more (besides). But I find Metellus to have been 

non miniis magnum et sapientem virum in eai 

not less a great and wise man in that 

difficultate, quam in hostilibus rebus : moderatum (esse) 

difficulty, than in hostile affairs : to have governed 



190 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

tanta temperantia inter ambltionem que 

with so-great moderation between ambition and 

ssevitiam. Namque primum sustulisse 

severity. Por (I find him) first to have withdrawn 

adjumenta ignaviae edicto, "quisquam 

the aids of laziness by an edict, " (that) any-one 

ne-venderet panem in castris, aut quern alium 

should-not-sell bread in the camps, or any other 

coctum cibum ; lixse ne-sequerentur exercitum ; 

cooked food; (that) scullions should not-follow the army; 

gregarius miles ne-haberet servum aut 

(that) a common soldier sbould-not-have a slave or 

jumentum in castris, neve in agmine :" 

a beast-of-burthen in the camps, nor in the army 

statuisse modum art^ ceteris ; 

(on the march) :" tlThave appointed a limit closely to the rest; 

prseterea movere castra quotidie transvorsis 

moreover to move the camps daily by cross 

itineribus ; munire vallo atque fossa 

journeys; to fortify (them) with a rampart and with a ditch 

juxta ac-si hostes adessent ; ponere 

equally as-if the enemies might be (were) at-hand; to place 

crebras vigilias, et ipse cum legatis 

frequent watches, and himself with the lieutenants 

circuire eas ; item adesse modo in agmine 

to go-round them; likewise to be-present one-time in the troop (march) 

in primis, modo in postremis, saepe in medio, 

among the first, one-time among the last, often in the middle, 

ne quisquam egrederetur ordine ; uti railes 

lest any-one might go-out from the rank; that the soldier 

portaret cibum et arma, cum incederent 

should carry food and arms, when they might (did) proceed 

frequentes signis. Ita 

numerous [when they marched in a body] with the standards. Thus 

confirmavit exercitum brevi, magis prohibendo k 

he strengthened the army shortly, more by preventing from 

delictis quam vindicando. Interea ubi Jugurtha 

transgressions than by punishing. Mean-time when Jugurtha 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 191 

accepit ex nunciis, quae Metellus 

received (heard) from messengers, what (things) Metellus 

agebat ; simul factus certior Romse de 

did act; at-the-same-time being made more-sure at Rome of 

innocentia ejus, diffidere suis rebus, ac 

the integrity of him, (he began) to distrust in his-own affairs, and 

turn demum conatus-est facere veram deditionem. 

then at-last endeavoured to make a true (real) surrender. 

Igitur mittit legates ad consulem cum suppliciis, 

Therefore he sends ambassadors to the consul -with entreaties, 

qui peterent tantummodo vitam ipsi que liberis, 

who might ask only life for himself and children, 

dederent omnia alia 

might surrender [that he would surrender] all other (things) 

Romano populo. Sed cognitum-erat jam antea 

to the Roman people. But it had been known already before 

experimentis Metello, genus Numidarum esse infidum, 

by trials to Metellus, the race of the Numidians to be faithless, 

mobili ingenio, avidum novarum rerum. 

with changeable disposition, eager of new things (revolution). 

Itaque aggreditur legatos diversos alium ab alio ; 

Therefore he accosts the ambassadors apart one from the other; 

ac tentando paullatim, postquam cognovit 

and by trying (them) by degrees, aftor-that he knew (them) 

opportunos sibi, persuadet pollicendo multa, 

convenient for himself, he persuades (them) by promising many 

uti traderent Jugurtbam sibi maxume 

(things), that they should deliver Jugurtha to himself particularly 

vivum, sin id procedat parum, necatum: cseterum 

alive, but-if that may succeed little (not), killed; but 

jubet nunciari palam regi, quae forent 

he orders to be announced openly to the king, what (things) might be 

ex voluntate. Deinde ipse procedit 

according-to (his) will. Afterwards himself proceeds 

in Numidiam paucis diebus, intento atque infesto 

into Numidia in a few days, with a prepared and hostile 

exercitu: ubi tuguria erant plena hominum, 

army: where the cots were full of men. 



192 SALLXJSTII JUGURTHA. 

pecora (pi.) que cultores in agrls, contra 

the cattle and the cultivators (were) in the fields, contrary-to 

faciem belli: prnefecti regis procedebant obvii 

the appearance of war: the prefects of the king did proceed opposite 

ex oppidis et mapalibus, parati dare 

(towards him) out-of the towns and cottages, prepared to give 

frumentum, portare commeatum, postremo facere 

corn, to carry provision, finally to do 

omnia quae imperarentur. Neque Metellus 

all (things) which might be ordered. Neither Metellus 

idcirco minus incedere munito agmine, 

therefore (began) the less to proceed with a guarded troop, [Metellus 

sed pariter 

did not on that account march with less precaution], but equally 

ac-si bostes adessent, explorare lat^ 

as-if the enemies might be (were) at-hand, to search widely 

omnia, credere ilia signa deditionis ostentui, 

all (things), to believe those signs of a surrender for a show, 

et tentare locum insidiis. 

and to try (sound) the place for ambuscades. [And that the enemy 

Itaque ipse erat 

only sought a proper place for an ambuscade.] Therefore himself was 

cum expeditis cobortibus, item delecta; manu 

with the light-armed cohorts, also with a chosen .band 

funditorum et saggitariorum, apud primes ; 

of slingers and archers, at (among) the first [in front] ; 

C. Marius legatus curabat cum 

Caius Marius (his) lieutenant did take care (was on duty) with 

equitibus in postremo : dispertiverat 

the cavalry in the last (the rear) : he had shared (divided) 

auxiliaros equites tribunis legionum, et prgefectis 

the auxiliary cavalry to the tribunes of the legions, and to the prefects 

cobortium, in utrumque latus ; uti velites 

of cohorts, unto each side (wing); that the skirmishers* 

permixti cum bis, propulsarent equitatus (pi.) 

being mingled with these, might repulse the cavalry 

bostium, quocunque accederent. Nam erat 

of the enemies, wheresoever they might approach. For (there) was 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 193 

tantus dolus in Jugurtlia, que tanta peritia locorum 

so-great deceit in Jugurtha, and so-great knowledge of the places 

et militise, ut haberetur in-incerto absens 

and of warfare, that it might be held doubtful (whether) absent 

an prsesens, gerens pacem an bellum, esset 

or present, carrying-on peace or war, he might be 

perniciosior. Erat baud longe ab eo intinere, 

more-destructive. There was not far from that route, 

quo Metellus pergebat, oppidum Numidarum, 

by which Metellus did proceed, a town of the Numidians, 

nomine Yacca, forum venalium rerum, maxum^ 

by name Vacca, a mart of saleable things, most 

celebratum totius regni ; ubi multi mortales Italici 

frequented of the whole kingdom; where many mortals of the Italian 

generis consueverant et incolere et mercari. 

race bad been accustomed both to dwell and to purchase. 

Hue consul, gratia; simul tentandi, 

Hither the consul (went), for the sake at-the-same-time of trying (it), 

et si opportunitates loci paterentur, imposuit 

and if opportunities of the place might suffer (it), he placed 

prsesidium : praeterea imperavit comportare 

a garrison : moreover he ordered (them) to bring 

frumentum, et alia, quae forent usui bello : 

corn, and other (things), which might be for use in war: 

ratus id, quod res monebat, frequentiam 

having thought that, which the affair did advise, the assemblage 

negotiatorum et commeatuum juvaturum 

of merchants and of provisions [there] about-to-assist 

exercitum, et jam fore 

the army, [would aid his army], and now to be about-to-be 

munimento rebus paratis. 

for a defence [and would now be a defence] for the things prepared. 

Inter bsec negotia, Jugurtba modo mittere 

Among these affairs, Jugurtha now (began) to send 

impensius supplices legates, orare pacem: 

more-earnestly suppliant ambassadors, to entreat peace : 

dedere omnia Metello prseter suam vitam 

to surrender all (things) to Metellus except his life 

17 



194 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

que liberorum. Quos consul dimittebat 

and (that) of (bis) children. AVhom the consul did dismiss 

item domum, uti priores, illectos ad 

also home, [and] as the former, being allured [by him] to 

proditionem : neque abnuere neque polliceri 

treachery: (he appeared) neither to refuse nor to promise 

regi pacem quam postulabat, et, inter eas 

to the king the peace which he did require, and, among those 

moras, exspectare promissa legatorum. 

delays, to await the promises of the ambassadors. 

Ubi Jugurtha composuit dicta Metelli cum 

When Jugurtha compared the words of Metellus with (his) 

factis, ac animadvertit se tentari suis artibus; 

deeds, and perceived himself to be tried by his-own arts ; 

quippe cui pax nunciabatur verbis, caeterum 

forsooth to whom peace was announced in words, but 

re asperrimum bellum erat, maxuma 

in the thing (in reality) the roughest war was, [for] a rery-great 

urbs alienata, ager cognitus hostibus, animi 

city [was] alienated, the land known to the enemies, the minds 

popularium tentati ; coactus 

(affections) of (his) country-men tried [tampered with] ; compelled 

necessitudine rerum, statuit certare armis. Igitur, 

by the necessity of things, he determined to contend by arms. Therefore, 

itinere bostium explorato, adductus in spem 

the route of the enemies being reconnoitred, being led into the hope 

victorise ex opportunitate loci, parat copias 

of victory from the convenience of the place, he prepares forces 

omnium generum quam-maxumas potest, ac antevenit 

of all kinds as-great-as he is-able, and outstrips 

exercitum Metelli per occultos tramites. Flumen, 

the army of Metellus by concealed by-paths. A river, 

nomine Muthul, oriens ^ meridie, erat in ea 

by name Muthul, rising from the south, was in that 

parte Numidiae, quam Atberbal possederat in 

part of Numidia, which Adherbal had possessed in 

divisione ; a quo mons aberat ferme viginti 

the division^ from which a mountain was-distant nearly twenty 



SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 195 

millia passuum, pari tractu, 

thousands of paces, in an equal [parallel] direction [with the river], 

vastus ab natura et humano cultu; 

desert from nature and human cultivationj [and uncultivated 

sed collis oriebatur quasi ex medio eo, 

by man] ; but a hill did arise as-if from the middle-of it, 

pertinens in immensum, vestitus oleastro ac 

reaching unto an immense (extent), clothed with wild-olive and 

myrtetis, que aliis generibus arborum, quae 

with myrtle-groves, and with other kinds of trees, which 

gignuntur arido atque arenoso humi. Autem 

are produced in a dry and sandy (soil) on-the-ground. But 

media planities deserta, panuria aquae, 

the middle plain (was) desert, [as there was] a scarcity of water, 

praeter loca propinqua flumini: ea consita 

except the places near to the river : those planted 

arbustis frequentabantur pecore atque cultoribus. 

with shrubs were frequented by cattle and by husbandmen. 

Igitur Jugurtha, acie suorum extenuata:, 

Therefore Jugurtha, the line of his (men) being lengthened, 

consedit in eo colle, quern docuimus 

encamped in that hill, which we have taught (shown) (to be) 

porrectam transvorso itinere : praefecit 

extended in a transverse way (direction) : be appointed 

Bomilcarem elepbantis et parti pedestrium copiarum ; 

Bomilcar to the elephants and to part of the foot forces ; 

que edocet eum quae ageret : ipse propior 

and instructs him what (things) he should do : himself nearer 

montem collocat sues cum omni equitatu et 

the mountain places his (men) with all the cavalry and 

delectis peditibus : dein circumiens singulas turmas 

[chosen] foot: then going-round each-of the companies 

et manipulos, monet atque obtestatur, uti, memores 

and divisions, he reminds and beseeches, that, mindful 

pristinae virtutis et victoriae, defendant 

of (their) ancient valour and victory, they maj defend 

sese que suum regnum ab avaritia Romanorum : 

themselves and his kingdom from the avarice of the Romans : 



196 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

certamen fore cum his quos miserint {perf.suh. 

the contest to be about-to-be with those whom they may have sent (they 

victos antea sub jugum: ducem, non animum, 

sent) conquered before under the yoke : the general, not the mind, 

niutatum-(esse) illis : omnia quae decuerint 

to have been changed for them : all (things) which may have been-fit 

{perf. sub.) ab imperatore, provisa-(esse) suis ; 

[to provide] from a commander, to have been provided for his (men); 

locum (esse) superiorem, consererent manum^ 

the place (ground) to be superior, they should join hand (battle), 

uti prudentes cum imperitis, ne 

as skilful (persons) with unskilful, [in the localities], not (as) 

pauciores cum pluribus, aut rudes cum 

the fewer with the more-(numerous), or the ignorant with 

melioribus bello : proinde essent parati 

the better [skilled] in war : wherefore they should be prepared 

que intenti, signo dato, invadere Romanos : ilium 

and ready, a signal being given, to attack the Romans: that 

diem aut confirmaturum omnes labores et 

day either (to be) about-to-establish all (their) labours and 

victorias, aut fore initium maxumarum 

victories, or to be about-to-be the beginning of the greatest 

serumnarum. Ad hoc commonefacere 

miseries. To this (besides) (he began) to remind 

sui beneficii, et ostentare eum ipsum 

(each) of his kindness, and to point-out that (person) himself 

aliis, viritim, uti extulerat quemque pecuni^ 

[to others,] individually, as he had exalted each by money 

aut honore ob militare facinus : postremo, 

or by honour on-account-of a military exploit : finally, 

excitare alium alio modo, pollicendo pro 

to rouse another in another manner, by promising according-te 

ingenio cujusque, minitando, obtestando : cum 

the disposition of every-one, by often-threatening, by beseeching : when 

interim Metellus, ignarus hostium, degrediens 

[in the mean-time] Metellus, ignorant of the enemies, coming-down 

monte, conspicatur cum exercitu. Primo, 

from the mountain, espies (him) with (his) army. First, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 197 

dubius quidnam insolita facies ostenderet, (nam 

doubtful what the unusual appearance might display, (for 

equi que Numidae consederant inter virgulta, 

the horses and the Numidians had encamped among the shrubs, 

neque plane occultati humilitate arborum, et 

neither quite concealed by the lowness of the trees, and 

tamen incerti quidnam ess6t, ipsi atque 

however uncertain what it might be, themselves and 

militaria signa obscurati cum natura; loci, 

the military standards being concealed as-well by the nature of the place, 

tum dolo), dein insidiis cognitis brevi, 

as by stratagem), then the ambuscades being known shortly, 

constituit agmen paulisper. Ibi ordinibus 

he halted . the troop (army) a-little. There the ranks 

commutatis, instruxit aciem triplicibus 

being changed, he arrayed (his) line with triple 

subsidiis, in dextro latere, quod erat proximum 

reserves, on the right side (flank), which was nearest 

hostes : dispertit funditores et sagittarioa 

the enemies : he divides the slingers and archers 

inter manipulos; locat omnem equitatum in 

among the companies ; places all the cavalry in 

cornibus; ac cohortatus milites pauca 

the wings j and having exhorted the soldiers a few (words) 

pro tempore, deducit aciem in planum, 

according-to the time, he leads-down the line into the level (ground) 

principiis transvorsis sicuti 

the van-guards (being led) across [the front being changed] so-as 

instruxerat. Sed ubi animadvertit Numidas 

he had arrayed (them). But when he perceived the Numidians 

quietos, neque degredi colle, veritus ex 

quiet, nor to come-down from the hill, having feared from 

tempore anni et inopi^ aquae, ne exercitus 

the time of the year and the want of water, lest the army 

conficeretur siti, prsemisit legatum Rutilium 

might be spent with thirst, he sent-forward the lieutenant Rutilius 

cum expeditis cobortibus et parte equitum, ad 

with the light-armed cohorts and part of the cavalry, to 

17* 



198 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

flumen, uti antecaperet locum castris, 

the river, that he might take-previously a place for the camps, 

existumans hostes remoraturos suum iter 

thinking the enemies about-to-retard his march 

crebro impetu, et transvorsis prseliis, 

by frequent assault, and indirect battles, [and flank attacks,] 

et quoniam diflBderent armis, tentaturos 

and since they might distrust to. arms, (to be) about-to-try 

lassitudinem et sitim militum. 

the fatigue and thirst of the soldiers. [And since he ( Jugurtha) 
distrusted a battle, he was about to try the effects of fatigue and thirst on 

Dein ipse procedere paullatim, 

our soldiers.] Afterwards himself (began) to advance gradually, 

pro re atque loco, sicuti descenderat 

according-to the affair and the place, just-as he had descended 

monte : habere Marium post principia;/ 

from the mountain : to have Marius behind the vanguards; 

ipse esse cum equitibus sinistrge alse, qui 

himself [Metellus] to be wiTh the cavalry of the left wing, who 

facti-erant principes in agmine. 

had been made chiefs (the van) on the troop (on the march). 

At ubi Jugurtha videt extremum agmen Metelli 

But when Jugurtha sees the last troop of Metellus 

prsetergressum sues primes, occupat montem 

having passed his-own first, he occupies the mountain 

prsesidio quasi duum millium pedltum, qu^ 

with a guard as-if (about) of two thousand infantry, where 

Metellus descenderat : ne forte adversarlis 

Metellus had descended: lest by-chance, the enemies 

cedentibus foret receptui, ac post munimento : 

retreating it might be for a refuge, and afterwards for a defence : 

dein, signo dato repente, invadit hostes. Alii 

then, a signal being given suddenly, he attacks the enemies. Other 

Numidse csedere postremos : pars tentare 

Numidians (began) to strike the last: part to try (them) 

Si sinistra ac dextra : infensi adesse, atque 

from the left and right: hostile to be-at-hand, and 



SALLUSTII JUGUKTHA. 199 

instare : conturbare ordines Romanorum omnibus 

to press-on : to disturb the ranks of the Romans in all 

locis; quorum etiam qui fuerant obvii 

places ,• of whom even (those) who had been opposite (opposed) 

hostibus firmioribus animis, ludificati incerto 

to the enemies with more-strong minds, baffled by the uncertain 

prselio, ipsi modo sauciabantur eminiis, neque 

battle, themselves now were wounded at-a-distance, nor 

erat copia contra feriundi aut 

was there plenty (the means) on-the-other-hand of striking (them) or 

conserendi manum. Equites docti jam 

of joining hand (battle). The cavalry being taught already 

ant^ ab Jugurtha, recipiebant sese 

before by Jugurtha, did betake themselves (did retreat) 

non confertim, neque in unum, ubicunque turma 

not closely, nor in one (body), whenever a company 

Romanorum coeperat insequi, sed quam-maxum^ 

of the Romans had begun to pursue, but as-much-as-possible 

divorsi, alius alio. Ita priores 

apart, the other (one) from the other. Thus (being) superior 

numero, si nequiverant deterrere bostes a 

in number, if they had been-unable to deter the enemies from 

persequendo, circumveniebant disjectos ab 

pursuing, they did surround (them) scattered from 

tergo aut lateribus : sin collis opportunior 

the back [rear] or the sides : but-since the hill (was) more-convenient 

fugae quara campi fuerant, e^ vero equi 

for flight than the plains had been, there truly the horses 

Numidarum consueti evadere facile 

of the Numidians being accustomed (were able) to escape easily 

inter virgulta ; asperitas et insolentia loci 

among the shrubs; the roughness and unusualness of the place 

retinebat nostros. Caeterum facies totius 

did keep-back our (men). But the appearance of the whole 

negotii varia, incerta, foeda, atque miserabilis ; 

business (was) variable, uncertain, foul, and wretched; 

pars dispersi a suis, cedere, alii insequi ; 

part scattered from tbeir-ovvn, (began) to give-way, others to pursue; 



200 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

observare neque signa neque ordines : ubi 

to regard neither standards nor ranks : where 

periculum ceperat quemque, resistere ac propulsare 

danger had taken each, to resist and to repulse 

ibi : arma, tela, equi, viri, hostes, cives 

there : arms, weapons, horses, men, enemies, citizens [were] 

permixti; nihil agi consilio neque imperio; 

iutermingled; nothing to be acted bj^ counsel nor by command; 

fors regere omnia. Itaque multum diei 

chance to govern all (things). Therefore much of the day 

processerat, cum etiam turn eventus erat in incerto. 

had advanced, when even then the issue was in a doubtful 

Denique, omnibus languidis labore et 

(state). Finally, all (being) faint by labour and 

sestu, ubi Metellus videt Numidas instare minus, 

by heat, when Metellus sees the Numidians to press-on less, 

conducit milites paullatim in unum ; 

he leads-together the soldiers gradually into one (body) ; 

restituit ordines, et collocat quatuor legionarias 

he restores the ranks, and places four legionary 

cohortes advorsum pedites hostium. Magna 

cohorts against the foot-soldiers of the enemies. A great 

pars eorura fessa consederat superioribus locis. 

part of them wearied had sat-down on the higher places. 

Simul orare, hortari milites, 

At-the-same-time (he began) to beseech, to exhort the soldiers, 

"Ne-deficerent, neu paterentur fugientes 

"(That) they should not-fail, nor should suffer fleeing 

hostes vincere : neque castra neque ullum 

enemies to conquer (them) : neither camps nor any 

munimentum esse illis, quo cedentes 

fortification to be for them, whither yielding 

tenderent : omnia sita in armis." 

they might proceed-to: all (things to be) placed in arms." 

Sed nee quidem erat Jugurtha quietus interea; 

But neither [indeed] was Jugurtha quiet mean-time; 

circuire, hortari, renovare prselium, et 

(he began) to go-about, to exhort, to renew the battle, and 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 201 

ipse cum delectis tentare omnia ; subvenire 

himself with chosen (men) to try all (things); to relieve 

suis ; instare hostibus dubiis, retinere, 

to his-own (men); to press-on to the enemies doubtful, to retain 

quos cognoverat firmos, pugnando eminus. 

(those) whom he had known firm, for fighting at-a-distance. 

Duo imperatores, summi viri, certabant eo 

The two commanders, very-great men, did contend in that 

modo inter se : ipsi pares, ceterum 

manner between themselves : themselves equal, but 

disparibus opibus. Nam virtus militum erat 

with unequal resources. For bravery of soldiers was 

Metello, locus advorsus : omnia alia opportuna 

to Metellus, the place adverse : all other (things) convenient 

Jugurthae, prseter milites. Denique, 

[favourable] to Jugurtha, except (his) soldiers. Finally, 

ubi Romani intelligunt nequo perfugium esse 

when the Romans understand neither a refuge to be 

sibi, neque copiam pugnandi fieri ab 

for themselves, nor plenty (means) of fighting to be made by 

hoste, et jam erat vesper diei, evadunt 

the enemy, and now it was the evening of the day, they depart 

advorso colle, sicuti 

on the opposite hill, [they charge up the hill,] as 

prgeceptum-fuerat. Loco amisso, Numidse 

it had been instructed (them). The place being lost, the Numidians 

fusi que fugati, pauci interiere : velocitas, 

(were) routed and put-to-flight, a few perished : (their) swiftness, 

et regio ignara hostibus tutata-sunt plerosque. 

and a country unknown to the enemies protected most. 

Interea Bomilcar, quem diximus supra prsefectum 

Meantime Bomilcar, whom we have said above to have been set-over 

elephantis et parti pedestrium copiarum ab 

to the elephants and to part of the foot forces by 

Jugurtha, deducit sues paullatim in sequum 

Jugurtha, leads down his (men) gradually into the level 

locum, ubi Rutilius prsetergressus-est eum ; ac 

place, when Rutilius passed-by him; and 



202 SALLUSTII JUGUKTHA. 

quietus exornat aciem, uti res postulabat, dura 

tranquil arrays (his) line, as the affair did require, while 

legatus pergit festinans ad flumen, qud 

the lieutenant proceeds hastening to the river, whither 

prsemissus-erat ; neque remittit explorare quid 

he had been sent-before ; nor does he relax to examine what 

hostis ageret ubique. Postquarn accepit 

the enemy might do every-where. After-that he received (heard) 

Rutilium consedisse jam, et vacuum 

ilutilius to have encamped already, and (to be) empty (free from 

animo, que simul clamorem augeri 

anxiety) in mind, and at-the-same-time the shout to be increased 

ex prselio Jugurthse, veritus ne legatus, re 

from the battle of Jugurtha, having feared lest the lieutenant, the affair 

cognitaj foret auxilio suis laborantibus, 

being known, might be for aid to his-own [hard-pressed] (people), 

porrigit aciem latiiis, quo obficeret 

be stretches (his) line more-widely, [by which he might hinder 

itineri hostium quam diffidens virtuti 

the march of the enemy] which distrusting to the valour of (his) 

militum, statuerat art^ ; que eo modo procedit 

soldiers, he had arranged closely ; and in that manner he proceeds 

ad castra Rutilii. Romani animadvertunt 

to the camps of Rutilius. The Romans perceive 

magnam vim pulveris ex-improviso ; nam 

a great force (quantity) of dust suddenly ; for 

ager consitus arbustis probibebat prospectum. Et 

the land planted with shrubs did prevent the view. And 

primo rati aridam bumum agitari vento ; 

first having thought the dry ground to be disturbed by the wind; 

post, ubi vident manere sequabilem, et 

afterwards, when they see (it) to remain equal, and 

appropinquare magis que magis, sicuti acies 

to approach more and more, as if the line [of the 

movebatur, re cognita, properantes 

army] was moved, the affair being known, hastening 

capiunt arma, ac consistunt pro castris, sicuti 

they take arms, and stand before the camps, as 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 203 

imperabatur. Delnde, ubi ventum-est propius, 

it was ordered. Afterwards, when it was come nearer, 

concurritur utrimque magno clamore. JSTumidae 

it is rushed on-both-sides with a great shout. The Numidians 

remorati tantummodo dum putant auxilium 

having delayed (stood) only whilst they think aid 

in elephantis, postquam vldent eos impeditos 

in the elephants, after-that they see them hindered 

ramis arborum, atque ita disjectos circumveniri, 

by the branches of the trees, and thus scattered to be surrounded, 

faciunt fugam : ac plerique, armis abjectis, 

they make flight : and most, (their) arms being thrown-away, 

abeunt integri auxilio collis, aut noctis, 

depart whole (unhurt) by the aid of the hill, or of the night, 

quae jam aderat. Quatuor elepbanti capti, 

which now was at-hand. Four elephants (were) taken, 

omnes reliqui, quadraginta numero, interfecti. 

all the rest, forty in number, (were) killed. 

At quanquam Romani erant fessi itinere, atque 

But although the Romans were wearied by the journey, and 

opere castrorum, et laeti que prselio, tamen 

by the work of the camps, and glad also by. the battle, however 

quod Metellus morabatur amplius opinione, 

because Metellus did delay more (than) opinion, 

procedunt obviam 

[longer than they thought he ought,] they advance towards (him) 

instruct! que intenti : nam dolus Numidarum 

arrayed and prepared: for the deceit of the Numidians 

patiebatur nihil languid! neque remissi. 

did suffer nothing of faint nor of relaxed (conduct). 

Ac primo, nocte obscur^, postquam erant 

And first, the night (being) dark, after-that they were 

baud procul inter se, alter! 

not far between themselves, [the Romans,] the others (began) 

facere formidinem et tumultum simul apud 

to make terror and tumult at-the-same-time among 

alteros strepitu, 

the others by the noise, [they each alarmed one another by the noiso 



204 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

velut liostes adventare : et 

and tumult,] as-if the enemies (began) to come-up : and 

miserabile facinus admissum (esset), psene 

a wretched deed "would have been committed, almost 

imprudentia, ni equites praemissi utrimque 

by ignorance, unless cavalry being sent-forward on-either-side 

exploravissent rem. Igitur pro 

might have (had) examined the affair. Therefore instead-of 

inetu, gaudium exortum (est) repente ; milites Iseti 

fear, joy arose suddenly j the soldiers joyful 

appellant alius alium, edocent acta, 

accost another (one) another, they inform [tell] (their) deeds, 

atque audiunt : quisque fert sua fortia 

and hear (others') : every-one carries (extols) his-own brave 

facta ad coelum. Quippe humanse res habent 

deeds to heaven. Forsooth human affairs have 

sese ita : in victoria- licet vel ignavis 

themselves thus : in victory it is lawful or (even) to the cowardly 

gloriari : advorsae res detrectant etiam 

to boast: adverse things detract (sink the courage of) even 

bonos. Metellus moratus quatriduo [sing.) in 

the good. Metellus having delayed four-days in 

iisdem castris, refieit saucios cum cura : donat 

the same camps, refreshes the wounded with care : he presents 

meritos in praelio more 

(rewards those) having deserved-well in the battle in the manner 

militise ; laudat universes in concione, atque agit 

of warfare ; he praises all in an assembly, and acts 

gratias : hortatur, gerant parem 

(returns) thanks : he exhorts (them), [that] they may bear an equal 

animum ad castera, quae sunt levia : 

mind (spirit) to the rest, which are light (things) : 

pugnatum (esse) satis jam pro victoria, reliquos 

to have been fought sufficiently now for victory, the rest 

labores fore pro praeda. Tamen misit 

(remaining) labours to be about- to-be for spoil. However he sent 

interim transfugas et alios opportunos 

mean-time deserters and othei's convenient (persons) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 205 

exploratum ubi gentium Jugurtha, 

to examine where of nations (where-in-the-vrorld) Jugurtha 

aut quid agitaret; ne esset cum 

(might be), or what he might act ; whether he might be with 

paucis, an haberet exercitum; nt, victus, 

a few, or might have an army; how, being conquered, 

gereret sese. At ille receperat sese in 

he might conduct himself. But he had betaken himself into 

saltuosa loca, et munita natura ; que ibi cogebat 

woody places, and fortified by nature ; and there did collect 

exercitum ampliorem numero tominum, sed hebetem 

an army very- copious in number of men, but dull 

que innrmum, cultorem agri ac pecoris magis 

and weak, a cultivator of the land and cattle more 

quam belli. Id eveniebat ea . gratia, quod 

than of war. That did happen from that favour (account), because 

nemo omnium Numidarum sequitur regem ex fug^ 

no-one of all the Numidians follows the king from flight 

prseter regios equites : discedunt eo, quo 

except the royal cavalry : they depart thither, whither 

animus cujusque fert : neque id ducitur 

the mind of every-one carries (him): neither that is led (deemed) 

flagitium militise : ita mores habent se. Igitur 

a crime of warfare : thus manners have themselves. Therefore 

ubi Metellus videt animum regis etiam tum esse 

when Metellus sees the mind of the king even then to be 

ferocem ; bellum renovari, quod posset non 

fierce; the war to be renewed, which might be-able not 

geri nisi ex lubidine illius, praeterea 

to be carried-on unless from the pleasure of him, [Jugurtha,] besides 

iniquum certamen sibi cum hostibus, 

a disadvantageous contest for himself [Metellus] with the enemies, 

illos vinci minore detrimento quam sues 

them to be conquered with less loss than his-own (soldiers) 

vincere, 

to conquer, [that he (Metellus) would suffer a greater loss when victor, 

statuit bellum 

than the enemy would when vanquished,] he resolved the war 

18 



206 SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 

gerundum non pr^liis, neque acie, sed 

to be carried-on not by skirmishes, cor in-open-batfcle, but 

alio more. Itaque pergit in opulentissima 

in another manner. Therefore he proceeds into the most-wealthy 

loca Numidise ; vastat agros ; capit multa castella 

places of Numidia; ravages the lands; takes many castles 

et oppida, munita temere, aut sine prsesidio, 

and towns, fortified rashly (in a hurry), or -without garrison, 

que incendit, jubet puberes interfici ; omnia 

and burns (them), orders the adults to be killed; all 

alia esse praedam militum. . Ea formidine 

other (things) to be the booty of the soldiers. From that terror 

multi mortales dediti obsides Romanis : 

many mortals (were) surrendered (as) hostages to the Romans : 

frumentum, et alia quae forent usui, 

corn, and other (things) which might be for use, (were) 

prsebita affatim : prsesidium impositum ubicunque 

afforded abundantly : a garrison (was) placed wherever 

res postulabat. Quae negotia terrebant 

the thing did require [one]. Which transactions did affright 

regem multo magis quam praelium mal^ pugnatum 

the king by much more than the battle ill fought 

ab snis. Quippe, omnis spes cujus erat 

by bis-own (men). Forsooth (he), all the hope of whom was 

sita in fugai, cogebatur sequi ; et qui 

placed in flight, was compelled to follow; and (he) who 

nequiverat defender e sua loca 

had been-unable to defend bis-own [advantageous] places (was forced) 

genere bellum in alienis. 

to carry-on war in others' (places). [In places chosen by another.] 

Tamen capit consilium quod videbatur optumum 

However he takes the counsel which did seem best 

ex inopia: jubet plerumque exercitum opperiri 

from necessity : he orders most-of the army to await (him) 

in eisdem locis ; ipse sequitur Metellum cum 

in the same places; himself follows Metellus with 

delectis equitibus : ignoratus 

chosen cavalry : unknown [unobserved by the Romans] by (his) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 207 

nocturnis et aviis itineribus, aggredltur repente 

nightly and pathless routes, be attacks suddenly 

Romanos palantes. Plerique eorum inermes 

the Romans straggling. Most of them (being) unarmed 

cadunt, multi capiuntur: nemo omnium profugit 

fall, many are taken : no-one of all escaped 

intactus ; et Numidge discedunt in proxumos 

antouched; and the Numidians depart into the nearest 

colles, sicuti jussi-erant, priiis quam 

hills, so-as they had been ordered, before than it (they) 

subveniretur ex castris. Interim rebus Metelli 

might be assisted from the camps. Mean-time the affairs of Metellus 

cognitis, ingens gaudium ortum (est) Romae : ut 

being known, great joy arose at Rome : how 

gereret que se et exercitum more 

he might (did) conduct both himself and the army in the manner 

majorum; in advorso loco, tamen, 

of (our) ancestors; (though) in an adverse place, howevei-, 

fuisset {plup. sub.) victor virtute ; 

he might have (had) been a conqueror by (his) valour; might (did) 

potiretur agro bostium ; coegisset 

possess with the land of the enemies; might have (had) compelled 

Jugurtham, magnificum ex socordia Auli, habere 

Jugurtha, splendid from the laziness ofAulus, to have 

spem saliitis in solitudine aut fuga. Itaque 

hope of safety in solitude or in flight. Therefore 

senatus decernere supplicia immortalibus 

the senate (determined) to decree thanksgivings to the immortal 

Diis ob ea feliciter acta : civitas, 

Gods on-account-of those (things) fortunately transacted: the state, 

trepida antea, et sollicita de eventu belli, 

fearful before, and anxious about the issue of the war, (began) 

agere Iseta: fama esse praeclara de Metello. 

to act joyful : report to be illustrious about Metellus. 

Igitur intentior eo, niti ad 

Therefore more prepared on that (account), (he began) to strive to (for) 

victoriam : festinare omnibus modis ; tamen cavere, 

rictory: to hasten in all manners; however to beware, 



208 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

necubi fieret opportunus hostl ; 

lest-any-where he might become convenient to the enemy; [give an 

meminisse 

advantageous opportunity to the enemy:] to have remembered (to re- 

invidiam sequi post gloriam. Ita quo 

memher) envy to follow after glory. Thus by what 

erat clarior, eo (erat) 

(by how much) he was more-illustrious, by that (by so much) (he was) 

magis anxius : neque prsedari effuso 

more anxious : nor (did he permit) to plunder with a scattered 

exercitu post insidias Jugurtliae. Ubi erat opus 

army after the snares of Jugurtha. When there was need 

frumento aut pabulo, cobortes agitabant 

with (of) corn or with forage, the cohorts did carry-on 

prsesidium cum omni equitatu: ipse ducebat partem 

guard with all the cavalry : himself did lead part 

exercitus, Marius reliquos. Sed ager vastabatur 

of the army, Marius the rest. But the land was ravaged 

magis igni, quam praeda. Faciebant castra duobus 

more by fire, than by plunder. They did make camps in two 

locis baud long^ inter se. Ubi erat opus 

places not far between themselves. When there was need 

vi, cuncti^ aderant: ceterum agebant 

with (of) force, all were at-hand : but they did act 

divorsi, quo fuga atque formido crescerent 

apart, in-order-that the flight and terror might increase 

latius. Eo tempore Jugurtha sequi 

more-widely. • In that time Jugurtha (began) to follow 

per colles ; quserere tempus aut locum 

through (over) the hills ; to seek a time or place 

pugnge ; corrumpere pabulum et fontes aquarum, 

of battle ; to spoil the forage and fountains of waters, 

quorum erat penuria, qua audierat hostem 

of which there was a scarcity, where he had heard the enemy 

venturum ; ostendere se modo Metello interdum 

about- to-come; to show himself one-time to Metellus, sometimes 

Mario; tentare postremos in agmine, 

to Marius ; to try ^attack) the last on the troop (march), 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. ^09 

ac regredi statim in colles ; 

[to attack the rear,] and to return immediately unto the hills ; 

rursus minitari aliis, post aliis ; neque facere 

again to threaten to others, afterwards to others ; neither make 

praelium, neque pati otium; tantummodd 

battle, nor to suffer quietness; only 

retinere hostem ab incepta. Ubi 

to keep-back the enemy from (his) undertakings. When 

Romanus imperator videt se fatigari dolis, 

the Roman commander sees himself to be harassed by stratagems, 

neque copiam pugnandi fieri ab hoste, 

nor opportunity of fighting to be made by the enemy, 

statuit oppugnare magnam urbem, nomine Zamam, 

he resolved to assault a great city, by name Zama, 

et arcem regni in ea parte qua erat sita ; 

and the citadel of the kingdom in that part in which it was situate ; 

ratus id, quod negotium poscebat, 

having considered that, which the business did require, [that] 

Jugurtbam venturum auxilio suis 

Jugurtha about-to-come [would come] for aid to his-own 

laborantibus, que prselium fore ibi. 

labouring (hard pressed), and a battle to be about-to-be there. 

At ille, edoctus a perfugis quae 

[Would be there.] But he, instructed by deserters what (things) 

parabantur, antevenit Metellum magnis itineribus ; 

were prepared, outstrips Metellus by great marches ; 

bortatur oppidanos defendant moenia, perfugis 

exhorts the townsmen (that) they may defend the walls, deserters 

additis auxilio, quod genus erat firmissumum 

being added for aid, which kind (of men) was the most-firm 

ex copiis regis, quia nequibat fallere. 

out-of the forces of the king, because it was-uuable to deceive (him). 

Prseterea pollicetur semet adfore in tempore 

Besides he promises himself to be about to-be-present in time 

cum exercitu. Ita rebus compositis, discedit in 

with the army. Thus affairs being arranged, he departs into 

loca quam-maxume occulta ; ac paullo post, Marium 

places as-mueh-as-possible hidden; and a little after, Marius 

18* 



210 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

missum Siccam ex itinere, frumentatum cum 

being sent (to) Sicca out-of the march, to provide-corn with 

paucis cohortibus ; quod oppidum primum omnium 

a few cohorts; which town first of all 

post malam pugnam defecerat ab rege. 

after the bad (unsuccessful) battle had revolted from the king. 

Eo pergit noctu cum delectis equitibus, et 

Thither he proceeds by night with chosen cavalry, and 

Romanis jam egredientibus, facit pugnam in 

the Romans already going-out, he makes battle in 

porta: simul hortatur Siccenses magna, 

the gate : at-the-same-time he exhorts the Siccenses with a great 

voce, " Uti circumveniant cobortes ab tergo ; 

voice, "That they may surround the cohorts from the rear j 

fortunam dare illis casum prseclari facinoris, si 

fortune to give to them a chance of a noble exploit, if 

fecerint id ; postea sese acturum 

they shall have done that; afterwards himself (to be) about-to-spend 

setatem in regno, illos in libertate sine 

(his) age in the kingdom, them in liberty without 

metu." Ac ni Marius properavisset 

fear." And unless Marius might have (bad) hastened 

inferre signa, atque evadere oppido, 

to bear-forward the standards, and to escape from the town, 

profecto cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium 

certainly all or a great part of the Siccenses 

mutavissent fidem ; Numidse agunt sese 

would have changed fidelity; the Numidians act (conduct) themselves 

tanta; mobilitate. Sed Jugurthini milites 

with so-great fickleness. But the Jugurthine soldiers 

sustentati paullisper ab rege, postquam hostes 

being supported a-little-while by the king, after-that the enemies 

urgent majore vi, paucis amissis, profugi 

press (them) with greater force, a few being lost, escaping 

discedunt. Marius pervenit ad Zamam. Id oppidum 

depart. Marius arrived to Zama. That town 

situm in campo, munitura-erat magis opere 

situate in a plain, had been fortified more by work (art^ 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 211 

quam natura, egens nullius idonese rei, opulentum 

than by nature, wanting of no suitable thing, plentiful 

armis que viris. Igitur Metellus, rebus paratis 

in arms and in men. Therefore Metellus, things being prepared 

pro tempore atque loco, circumvenit cuncta 

according-to time and place, surrounds all 

moenia exercitu ; imperat legatis, ubi quisque 

the walls with the armyj commands to the lieutenants, where every-ono 

curaret: deinde, signo dato, ingens 

should take-care (command): afterwards, a signal being given, a great 

clamor simul oritur undique. Neque 

shout at-the-same-time arises from-every-side. Nor [does] 

ea res terret Numidas ; manent infensi que 

that thing dismay the Numidians j they remain' hostile and 

intenti sine tumultu : prgelium incipitur. Romani 

prepared without confusion : the battle is begun. The Romans 

pugnare, quisque pro ingenio, pars 

(began) to fight, every-one according-to (his) ability, part 

eminus glande aut lapidibus; 

from-a-distance with acorn (pellet) or with stones ; [by throwing 

alii evadere, alii succedere 

leaden balls and stones ;] others to retire, others to succeed (them) 

ac modo suffodere murum, modo aggredi 

and one-time to undermine the wall, one-time to attack (it) 

scalis ; cupere facere praelium in manibus. 

with ladders; to desire to make battle in hands (hand to 

Oppidani contra ea volvere saxa 

hand). The townsmen against those (things) (began) to roll stones 

in proxumos, mittere sudes, pila, praeterea 

on the nearest, to send (throw) stakes, darts, besides 

tsedum mistam pice et sulphure, ardentia. Sed 

torch-wood mingled with pitch and sulphur, burning. But 

timer animi ne quidem muniverat satis illos, qui 

fear of mind not even had fortified sufficiently those, who 

manserant procul. Nam jacula emissa tormentis 

had remained at-a-distance. For javelins sent from engines 

aut manu vulnerabant plerosque, que boni 

or the hand did wound most, and the good (brave) 



212 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

atque ignavi erant pari periculo, sed imparl 

and the inactive were in equal danger, but "with unequal 

fama. Dum certatur sic apud Zamam, Jugurtha 

fame. Whilst it is contended thus at Zama, Jugurtha 

ex-improviso invadit castra hostiura cum magn^ 

suddenly attacks the camps of the enemies with a great 

manu, qui erant in pr^esidio remissis et 

band, (those) who were on guard (being) negligent and 

expectantibus omnia magis quam praelium, 

expecting all (things) more than a battle, 

irrumpit portam. At nostri perculsi repentino 

he bursts the gate. But our (men) . struck with sudden 

metu, consulunt quisque sibi pro 

fear, consult every-one for himself aecording-to (his) 

moribus : alii fugere ; alii capere arma : 

habits : others (began) to flee ; others to take arms : 

magna pars vulnerati, aut occisi. Ceterum 

a great part (were) wounded, or slain. But 

cx omni multitudine non amplius quadraginta, 

out-of all the multitude not more (than) forty, 

mem ores Romani norninis, grege facto, 

mindful of the Koman name, a flock (body) being formed, 

cepere locum paullo editiorem qu^m alii ; 

took a place (station) a little more-elevated than the others; 

neque quiverunt depelli inde maxuma; vi; 

nor were they-able to be beaten-off thence by the greatest force j 

sed pauci remittere tela missa eminus, 

but the few (began) to throw-back the darts sent from-a-distance, 

frustrati minus in pluribus : 

being disappointed less in the more (numerous) : [their missiles 

sin 

were more effective against the more numerous assailants :] but-if 

Kumidoe accessissent propiiis, ibi verd 

the Numidians might have approached nearer, there truly 

ostendere virtutem, et csedere, fundere, 

(they began) to show (their) valour, and to cut, to rout, 

atque fugare eos maxuma vi. Interim cum 

and to put-to-flight them with the greatest force. Mean-time when 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 213 

Metellus gereret rem acerrume, accepit 

Metellus migtit (did) carry-on the affair most-vigorously, he heard 

hostilem clamorem et tumultum k tergo : deinde 

a hostile shout and tumult from the rear : then (his) 

equo convorso, animadvertit fugam fieri advorsum 

horse being turned, he perceived a flight to be made toward 

se qu?e res indicabat esse populares. 

himself, which thing did show (them) to be countrymen. [His 

Igitur misit omnem equitatum propere ad 

own men.] Therefore he sent all the cavalry speedily to 

castra, ac C. Marium statim cum cohortibus 

the camps, and Caius Marius immediately with cohorts 

sociorum, que lacrymans obsecrat eum " Per 

of the allies, and weeping beseeches him "By (their) 

amicitiam, que per rempublicam, ne-sinat 

friendship, and by the commonwealth, (that) he may not permit 

quam contumeliam remanere in victore exercitu, 

any disgrace to remain in (their) victorious army, 

neve hostes abire inultos." Ille efiicit 

nor the enemies to depart unrevenged." He executes (his) 

mandata brevi. At Jugurtba impeditus munimento 

commands shortly. But Jugurtha prevented by the fortification 

castrorum, cum alii prsecipitarentur super 

of the camps, when others (some) might be thrown-headlong upon 

vallum, alii properantes in angustiis, 

th.e rampart, others hastening in the narrow-passes [of the gates], 

ipsi ofiicerent sibi, 

themselves might (did) obstruct to themselves, [obstructed one another], 

multis amissis, recipit sese in munita loca. 

many being lost, betakes himself into fortified places. 

Postquam nox aderat, Metellus, negotio 

After-that night was-at-hand, Metellus, the business 

infecto, revortitur in castra cum exercitu. 

being undone, returns into the camps with the army. 

Igitur postero die, priiis quam 

Therefore in the following day, before that he might (did) 

egrederetur ad-oppugnandum, jubet omnem 

go-out to-assault, he orders all 



214 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

equitatum agitare pro castris in ea parte, 

the cavalry to be-active before the camps in that part, 

qua adventus regis erat : dispertit 

where the approach of the king was : he divides [he assigns] 

portas, et proxuma loca tribunis : deinde ipse 

the gates, and the nearest places to the tribunes : then himself 

pergit ad oppidum, atque aggreditur murum, uti 

proceeds to the town, and attacks the wall, as 

superiore die. Interim Jugurtha ex-occulto invadit 

on the former day. Meantime Jugurtha secretly attacks 

nostros repente. Qui locati-fuerant in 

our (men) suddenly. (Those) who had been placed in 

proxumo territi paullisper 

the nearest (place) [to the enemy] affrighted a-little 

perturbantur : reliqui cito subveniunt. Neque 

are confused : the rest quickly come-up. Nor 

Numid^e quivissent resistere diutius, ni 

the Numidians might have been-able to withstand longer, unless 

peditcs permixti cum equitibus facerent 

[their] infantry mingled with the cavalry might (did) make 

magnam cladem ; quibus illi freti, non 

a great slaughter; to (on) which they relying, (began), not 

uti solet equestri prselio, sequi, dein cedere, 

as is-usual in a cavalry fight, to follow, then to give-way, 

sed concurrere advorsis equis, implicare, ac 

but to rush-together with adverse horses, to involve, and 

perturbare aciem : ita, suis peditibus expeditis, 

to confuse the line: thus, their infantry being disentangled, 

dare " hostes pene victos. 

to give (to effect), the enemies nearly vanquished. [Thus the Romans 
nearly vanquished were given to the infantry, disentangled from the 

Certabatur raagnai vi eodem 

cavalry.] It was contended with great violence in the same 

tempore apud Zamam. Ubi quisque legatus aut 

time at Zaioa. Where every lieutenant or 

tribunus curabat, eo niti acerrum^, 

tribune did command, there (he proceeded) to strive most-vigorously. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 215 

neque alius liabere spem magis in alio qiiam in 

nor another to have hope more in another than in 

sese : que oppidani pariter agere, oppugnare, 

himself: and the townsmen equally (began) to act, to assault, 

aut parare omnibus locis ; alteri sauciare alteros 

or to prepare in all places ; the others to wound the others 

avidius quam tegere semet ; clamor 

more-eagerly than to protect themselves; the shout (was) 

permixtus hortatione, Isstitia, gemitu : item 

mingled with encouragement, with gladness, with groaning : altio 

strepitus armorum ferri ad coelum : tela 

the rattling of arms to be carried to heaven (the sky) : darts 

volare utrimque. Sed illi qui defensabant moenia, 

to fly on-either-side» But they who did defend the w:ills, 

intend prospectabant equestre praelium, ubi 

fixed did view-at-a-distance the cavalry fight, when 

bostes modo remiserant pugnam paulluliim. 

the enemies only had relaxed the battle a little. 

Animadverteres eos modo Igetos, modo pavidos, 

Thou mayest perceive them one-time glad, one-time fearful, 

uti quseque res erant Jugurtbae, 

as every affairs were to Jugurtha, [according as the contest 

ac sicuti possent audiri aut 

was with Jugurtha,] and as they might be-able to be heard or 

cerni ^ suis, alii monere, alii 

to be perceived by their-own, others (began) to advise, others 

bortari, aut significare manu, aut niti 

to encourage, or to beckon with the hand, or to strain with (their) 

corporibus ; agitare buc et illuc, quasi 

bodies; to drive hither and thither, as-if 

vitabundi aut jacientes tela. Quod ubi 

about-escaping or hurling darts. Which when 

cognitum-est Mario, nam is curabat in 

It was known to Marius, for he did take-care (command) in 

eat parte, agere leniiis consulto, ac simulare 

that part, (he began) to act more-gently by design, and to pretend 

diffidentiam rei : pati Numidas 

a distrust of the affair : to allow the Numidians [in the town] 



216 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

visere prselium regis sine tumultu. 

to go-to-see [to look at] the battle of the king without confusion. 

Ita illis adstrictis studio suorum, 

Thus they being tied-down (engaged) with zeal of their-own (people)^ 
[while they were thus intent, and taken up with their own people,] 

aggreditur murum repente magna vi ; et jam 

he attacks the wall suddenly with great force ; and now 

milites aggressi scalis ceperant jam prop^ 

the soldiers having attempted with ladders had taken now nearly 

gumma, cum oppidani concurrunt, ingerunt 

the highest (parts), when the townsmen rush-together, throw 

lapides, ignem, praeterea alia tela. Nostri 

stones, fire, besides other weapons. Our (men) 

primd resistere; deinde ubi unae atque alterse 

first (began) to oppose; then when one and other 

scalse comminutse (sunt), qui supersteterant 

ladders were broken-in-pieces, (those) who had stood-on (them) 

afflicti-sunt ; caeteri abeunt quisque quo modo 

were dashed-down ; the rest depart every-one in what manner 

potuere, pauci integri, magna pars confecti 

they were-able, few whole (unhurt), a great part spent 

vulneribus. Deinde nox diremit praelium utrimque. 

with wounds. Then night dissolved the battle on-either-side. 

Postquam Metellus videt inceptum frustra, 

After-that Metellus sees (the thing) undertaken in-vain, 

neque oppidum capi, neque Jugurtham facere 

nor the town to be taken, nor Jugurtha to make 

pugnam nisi ex insidiis, aut suo loco; 

battle unless out-of ambushes, or in his-own (chosen) place; 

et jam gestatem esse exactam, discedit ab Zama,; 

and now the summer to be spent, he departs from Zama; 

et imponit prsesidia in iis urbibus, quse defecerant 

and places garrisons in those cities, which had revolted 

ab se, que munitae-erant satis loco aut 

from himself, and had been fortified sufficiently by the place or 

mcenibus. Collocat caeterum exercitum in provinciam 

by walls. He places the rest-of the army into the province 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 217 

qu9e est proxuma Numidige, gratis 

■which [is] next to Numidia, by favour (for the sake) 

hiemandi. Neque concedit id tempus quieti . aut 

of wintering. Nor does he grant that time to rest or 

luxurise ex more aliorum ; sed quoniam 

luxury according-to the custom of others; but since 

bellum procedebat parum armis, parat tendere 

the war did succeed little by arms, he prepares to stretch 

insidias regi per amicos, et uti 

snares for the king by (his) friends, [the king's,] and to use 

perfidia eorum pro armis. Igitur aggreditur 

the treachery of them instead-of arms. Therefore he attacks 

multis pollicitationibus Bomilcarem, qui fuerat 

•with many promises Bomilcar, who had been 

Romae cum Jugurtha, et fugerat judicium inde, 

at Rome with Jugurtha, and had escaped trial thence, 

vadibus datis, clam de morte Massivae; 

sureties being given, secretly concerning the death of Massiva; 

quod erat maxuma copia fallendi per 

because there was the greatest opportunity of deceiving through 

maxumam amicitiam : ac efficit primo, uti 

the greatest friendship : and he accomplishes first, that 

veniat occultus ad se gratia colloquendi ; 

he may come concealed to himself for the sake of conferring; 

deinde fide data, si tradidisset 

then (his) faith (solemn promise) being given, if he might have delivered 

Jugurtham vivum aut necatum sibi, fore, 

Jugurtha alive or killed to himself, to be about-to-be, 

ut senatus concederet impunitatem et omnia sua 

that the senate would grant forgiveness and all hia 

illi ; persuadet facile Numidse, cum 

(possessions) to him j he persuades easily to the Numidian, as-well 

infido ingenio, 

with faithless disposition, [as well on account of his faithless disposition,] 

turn metuenti ne, si pax fieret cum Romanis, 

then (as) fearing lest, if peace might be made with the Romans, 

ipse traderetur ad supplicium per conditiones. 

himself might be delivered to punishment by the conditions. 

19 



218 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Ubi primum fuit opportunum, is accedit Jugurttara 

"When first it was convenient, lie approaches Jugurtha 

anxium, ac miserantem suas fortunas, monet, 

solicitous, and lamenting his-own fortunes, he advises, 

atque lacrumans obtestatur uti provideat 

and weeping beseeches (him), that he may provide 

aliquando sibi que liberis, et genti 

some-time for himself and children, and for the nation 

Numidarum merenti optumo ; sese 

of the ISTumidians deserving very-well (of him); themselves 

victos (esse) omnibus praeliis, agrum vastatum, 

to have been conquered in all the battles, the land ravaged, 

multos mortales captos, occisos ; opes regni 

many persons taken, [or] slain ; the resources of the kingdom 

comminutas-esse ; jam et virtutem militum 

to have been broken ,• already both the valour of (his) soldiers 

et fortunam tentatam (esse) ssep^ satis : ' 

and fortune to have been tried often enough : he may (should) 

caveat, ne, illo cunctante, Numidse consulant 

beware, lest, [he hesitating], the Numidians may consult 

sibi. Impellit animum regis his atque 

for themselves. He impels the mind of the king by these and 

talibus aliis ad deditionem. Legati 

by such other (reasonings) to a surrender. Ambassadors 

mittuntur ad imperatorem, qui dicerent Jugurtham 

are sent to the general, who should say Jugurtha 

facturum imperata, ac tradere sese que 

about-to-do (the things) ordered, and to deliver himself and 

suum regnum in fidem illius sine ulla pactione. 

his kingdom unto the faith of him without any covenant. 

Metellus propere jubet cunctos senatorii ordinis 

Metellus hastily orders all of senatorial rank 

accersiri ex hibernis ; habet concilium 

CO be sent-for out-of winter-quarters; beholds a council 

eorura, atque aliorum quos ducebat idoneos. 

of tliuse, and of others whom he did lead (think) proper. 

Ita imperat Jugurthse more majorum 

Thus he orders to Jugurtha in the manner of (our) ancestors 



SALLUSTII JUGURTIIA. 219 

ex decreto concilii, per legates, 

aecording-to the decree of the council, by the ambassadors, (to furnish) 

ducenta millia pondo argenti, omnes 

two hundred thousands pounds-weight of silver, all (his) 

elepliantos, aliquantum equorum et armorum. Quae 

elephants, some-what of horses and of arms. Which 

postquam facta-sunt sine mora,, jubet 

(things) after-that they were done without delay, he orders 

omnes perfugas adduci vinctos. Magna pars 

all the deserters to be brought-up bound. A great part 

eorum adducti (sunt) uti jussum-erat ; pauci 

of them were brought-up as it had been ordered; a few 

abierant in Mauritaniam ad regem Bocchum, 

had gone-away into Mauritania to king Bocchus, 

ciim deditio primiim coepit. Igitur Jugurtha, ubi 

when the surrender first began. Therefore Jugurtha, when 

Bpoliatus-e*st armis, que viris, et pecunia, cum 

he was stripped-of arms, and men, and money, when 

ipse vocaretur ad Tisidium imperandum, 

himself might be (was) called to Tisidium to-be-commanded, 

rursus coepit flectere suum animum, et timere 

again began to bend (change) his mind, and to fear 

digna ex mal^ conscientia. Denique, 

worthy (deserved things) from an evil consciousness. Finally, 

multis diebus consumptis per dubitationem, cum 

many days being spent through (in) doubt, when 

modo duceret omnia potiora 

one time he might (did) deem all (things) better (than) 

bello, tsedio advorsarum rerum ; interdum ipse 

war, from weariness of adverse things; sometimes he 

reputaret, quam gravis casus ex regno 

might (did) revolve, how heavy the fall from a kingdom 

in servitutem foret ; multis que magnis 

into slavery might be (was) ; many and great 

prgesidiis perditis nequidquam, 

protections being lost [by what he had surrendered] in-vain, 

sumit bellum de-integro. Senatus, Romse, 

he takes (begins) war anew. [The senate, at Rome, 



220 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

consultus de provinciis, decreverat Numidlam 

having consulted about the provinces, had decreed Numidia 

Metello. Per idem tempus liaruspex 

to Metellus.] Through (about) the same time a soothsayer 

dixerat magna atque mirabilia portendi C. 

had said great and wonderful (things) to be foreboded to Caius 

Mario forte supplicanti diis per hostias ; 

Marius by chance praying to the gods by victims; [sacrificing 

proinde fretus diis, ageret quae 

to the gods ;] wherefore relying on the gods, he might act what 

agitabat animo ; experiretur fortunam 

he did revolve in mind; he might try fortune 

quam-ssepissum^ ; cuncta eventura 

as-often-as-possible; all (things to be) about-to-happen 

prosper^. At ingens cupido consulatus exagitabat 

prosperously. But a great desire of the consulship did harass 

ilium jam antea; ad quem capiundum 

(excite) him already before; to which to-be-taken (to obtain 

omnia alia erant abund^, prseter 

which) all other (qualities) were abundantly, except 

vetustatem familise; industria, probitas, magna 

the antiquity of (his) family; industry, honesty, a great 

scientia militise, ingens animus belli, 

knowledge of warfare, a great mind (spirit) of (in) war, 

modicus domi, victor lubidinis, et divitiarum, 

moderate of (at) home, a conqueror of passion, and of riches, 

tantummodo avidus glorige. Sed is natus (est) et 

only greedy of glory. But he was born • and 

altus omnem pueritiam Arpini, ubi 

reared (during) all (his) boyhood of (at) Arpinum, when 

primum setas fuit patiens militiae, exercuit sese 

first (his) age was enduring of warfare, he exercised himself 

stipendiis, faciundis, non Graeca facundia, 

in pays (military services) to-be-made, not in Greek eloquence, 

neque urbanis munditiis ; ita integrum ingenium 

nor in polite refinements ; thus (his) sound ability 

adolevit brevi inter bonas artes. Ergo ubi 

grew-up shortly among good arts (pursuits). Therefore when 



SALLUSTII JUGURTEA. 221 

primum petit militarem tribunatum a populo, 

first he seeks a military tribuneship from the people, 

plerisque ignorantibus faciem ejus, notus 

most (of them) not-knowing the face of him, being known 

facile, declaratur 

easily, [but being known by name, as a brave soldier,] he is declared 

per omnes tribus. Deinde peperit alium, 

by all the tribes. Afterwards he begot (procured) another 

post alium sibi ab eo magistratu ; 

(one magistracy), after another for himself from that magistracy; 

que agitabat eo modo semper in potestatibus, 

and he did manage in that manner always in (his) commands, 

ut baberetur dignus ampliore 

that he might be (was) held worthy with more-ample (higher 

quam gerebat. Tamen is 

authority) than he did carry-on [possessed]. However he (though) 

talis vir ad id locorum audebat non 

such a man to that of places (up to that time) did dare not 

adpetere consulatum, (nam postea datus-est 

to solicit the consulship, (for afterwards he was given 

prseceps ambitione). Etiam turn 

(precipitated) headlong by ambition). Even then 

plebes alios magistratus ; nobilitas 

the common-people (did bestow) other magistracies ; the nobility 

tradebat consulatum per manus inter se. 

did deliver the consulship through (their) hands among themselves. 

Nemo novus erat tam clarus, neque tam 

No-one new (man) was so illustrious, nor so 

egregiis factis, quin is baberetur 

with excellent deeds, but-that he might be (was) held 

indignus illo bonore, et quasi pollutus. 

unworthy with that honour, and as-if defiled. [And as if he 

Igitur, ubi Marius videt dicta 

would defile it.] Therefore, when Marius sees the sayings 

haruspicis intendere eodem, quo cupido 

of the soothsayer to tend to the same (point), whither the desire 

animi bortabatur, rogat missionem ab 

of (his) mind did encourage, he asks (his) discharge from 

19* 



222 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Metello gratia; petundi; cni 

Metellus by favour (for the sake) of seeking (it) ; to whom 

quamquam virtus, gloria, atque alia optanda 

although valour, glory, and other (things) to-be-wished 

bonis superabant, tamen contemptor 

by good (men) did abound, however a despiser (scornful) 

animus, et superbia, commune malum nobilitatis, 

mind, and pride, the common evil of the nobility, 

inerat. Itaque commotus primiim 

was-in (him). Therefore being moved (surprised) first 

insolita re, mirari consilium ejus; et 

by the unusual thing, (he began) to wonder-at the design of him ; and 

monere quasi per amicitiam " ne-inciperet 

to advise (him) as-if through friendship (that) "he should not-begin 

tam prava, neu gereret animum 

(things) so corrupt, [so erroneous,] nor should carry a spirit 

super fortunam : omnia non esse cupienda 

above (his) fortune : all (things) not to be to-be-desired 

omnibus ; suas res debere placere 

to (by) all ; bis-own things to owe (ought) to please 

satis illi : 

sufficiently to him : [that he ought to be satisfied with his station :] 

postremo, caveret petere id a Romano populo, 

lastly, he should beware to seek that from the Roman people, 

quod negaretur jure illi." Postquam dixit haec, 

which might be denied by right to him." After-that he said these, 

atque talia alia, neque animus Marii flectitur, 

and such other (advices), neither the mind of Marius is bent, 

respondit, sese facturum quae peteret, ubi 

he answers, himself about-to-do what he might (did) ask, when 

primiim potuisset per publica negotia. 

first he might have been-able by the public affairs. [As soon 

Ac fertur dixisse 

as public affairs would permit.] And he is reported to have said 

postea ssepius postulanti eadem. 

afterwards (to him) oftener requesting the same (things). 

" Ne-festinaret abire, ilium petiturum 

"He should not-hasten to depart, him about-to-soek [that he would 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. • 223 

consulatum matur^ satis cum suo filio." 

seek] the consulship early enough with his-own son." 

Is militabat eo tempore contubernio 

He (the son) did serve in that time in the fellowship of (his) 

patris ibidem, natus circiter viginti annos ; quae 

father there, born about twenty years; which 

res accenderat Marium vehementer, ciim pro 

thing had inflamed Marius violently, as-well for 

honore, quem affectabat, turn contra Metellum. 

the honour, which he did aim-at, then (as) against Metellus. 

Ita grassari, cupidine atque ira;, pessumis 

Thus (he began) to proceed, by desire and by anger, the worst 

consultoribus : neque abstinere ullo facto, neque 

advisers : nor to refrain from any deed, nor 

dicto, quod foret modo ambitiosum, 

saying, which might be only ambitious, [by which he might 

habere milites, quibus prseerat in 

gain popularity,] to have the soldiers, to whom he was-over in 

hibernis, laxiore imperio quam antea: 

the winter-quarters, in more -remiss command than before : 

loqui criminose, et simul magnifice, de 

to speak censuringly, and at-the-same-time boastingly, about 

bello, apud negotiatores, quorum erat magna 

the war, among the merchants, of whom there was a great 

multitudo Uticse ; " Dimidia pars exercitus 

multitude of (at) Utica: "If the half part of the army might bo 

permitteretur sibi, habiturum Jugurtham 

(were) granted to himself, (to be) about-to-have Jugurtha 

in catenis paucis diebus : trabi consulto ab 

in chains in a few days : to be protracted designedly by 

imperatore, quod inanis homo, et regise 

the commander, because the empty (vain) man, and of royal 

superbise, gauderet nimis imperio." Omnia 

pride, might (did) rejoice too-much in command." All 

quae videbantur illis firmiora eo, quod 

which (sayings) did seem to them more-sure therefore, because 



224 • SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

corruperant farailiares res 

they had injured (their) family affairs (their property) 

diuturnitate belli. 

by the length of the war. 

Proeterea, quidam Numida, nomine Gauda, filius 

Besides, a certain Numidian, by name Gauda, a son 

Manastabalis, nepos Masinissse, erat in nostro 

of Manastabal, grandson of Masinissa, was in our 

exercitu; quern Micipsa scripserat secundum 

army; whom Micipsa had written (appointed) second 

liseredem testamento, confectus morbis, et ob 

heir by will, spent by disease, and on-account-of 

earn causam mente paullum imminuta. 

that cause with a mind a little diminished (impaired). 

Cui petenti, Metellus negaverat utrumque, 

To whom requesting (them), Metellus had denied each 

uti poneret sellam juxta 

(of the following), that he might place (his) chair near (him) 

more regum, item postea turmam Romanorum 

in the manner of kings, also afterwards a troop of Roman 

equitum caus^ custodise : bonorem, quod 

horsemen by cause (for the sake) of guard : the honour, because 

foret mo do eorum quos Rom anus populus 

it might be (was) in the manner of those whom the Roman people 

appellavisset reges: prsesidium, quod 

might have (had) called kings : the guard, because 

foret contumeliosum in eos, si Romani equites 

it might be insulting unto them, if Roman horsemen 

traderentur satellites ISTumidse. Marius 

should be delivered (as) guards to a Numidian. Marius 

aggreditur bunc anxium, atque bortatur uti petat 

accosts him anxious, and encourages that he may seek 

poenas contumeliarum in imperatorem, 

punishments of the insults against the commander, [received from 

cum suo auxilio: extollit secunda; 

the commander,] with his assistance : he extols with favourable 

oratione bominem animo parum-valido ob 

speech the man with a mind not-strong on-account-of 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 225 

morbos ; *' Ilium esse ingentem virum, nepotem 

diseases : " Him to be a great man, grandson 

Masinissse ; si Jugurtha foret captus aut 

of Masinissaj if Jugurtha might be (were) taken or 

occisus, habiturum imperium 

slain (to be) about-to-have [he would have] the government 

Numidlae sine mora; adeo id posse evenire 

of Numidia without delay j thus that to be-able to happen 

mature si ipse 

speedily, [that indeed this might speedily happen,] if himself 

missus-foret consul ad id bellum." 

might have (had) been sent (as) consul to that war." 

Itaque ipse impellit et ilium et Romanos equites, 

Therefore he impels both him and the Roman knights, 

milites et negotiatores, alios ; spes pacis 

soldiers and merchants, (and) others ; the hope of peace (urges) 

plerosque, uti scribant aspere Romam ad 

most, that they may write roughly (severely) to Rome to 

suos necessarios in Metellum de bello ; poscant 

their acquaintances against Metellus about the war; may request 

Marium imperatorem. Sic consulatus petebatur 

Marius (as) commander. Thus the consulship was sought 

illi h multis mortalibus honestissuma suffragatione. 

for him by many mortals with most-honourable canvass. 

Simul nobilitate fusai 

At-the-same-time the nobility being poured (defeated) [being made of 

per Mamiliam legem, ea; 

equal importance in voting,] by the Mamiliaa law, at that 

tempestate plebes extollebat novos. 

time the common-people did extol [to office] new (men). 

Ita cuncta procedere Mario. Interim 

Thus all (things) (began) to succeed for Marius. Mean-timo 

Jugurtha, deditione omissa, postquam incipit 

Jugurtha, the surrender being omitted, after-that he commences 

bellum parare omnia cum magna cura, 

the war (began) to prepare all (things) with great care, 

festinare cogere exercitum; affectare, 

to hasten to collect an army ; to aim-at [to recover] 



226 . SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

civitates qu^e defecerant ab se, formidine, aut 

the cities which had revolted from himself, by terror, or 

ostentando prasmia, communire suos locos ; reficere, 

by displaying rewards, to fortify his-own places; to repair, 

aut commercari arma, tela, que alia, quae 

or to purchase arms, weapons, and other (things), which 

amiserat spe pacis ; allicere servitia 

he had lost in the hope of peace; to entice the slaveries (slaves) 

Romanorura, et tentare eos ipsos qui erant 

of the Romans, and to try those (persons) themselves who were 

in prsesidiis, pecunia ; pati nihil prorsus 

in the garrisons, by money; to suffer nothing altogether 

intactum, neque quietum, agitare cuncta. 

untouched, nor tranquil, to disturb all (things). 

Igitur Vaccenses, principes civitatis quo Metellus 

Therefore the Vaccensian, chiefs of the state where Metellus 

imposuerat prsesidium initio, Jugurthai 

had placed a garrison in the beginning, Jugurtha 

pacificante, fatigati suppliciis regis, neque 

making-peace, being importuned by the entreaties of the king, neither 

alienati antca voluntate, conjurant inter se ; nam 

alienated before in will, conspire among themselves; for 

vulgus, uti solet, plerumque, et maxume 

the common-people, as is usual, generally, and chiefly (that) 

Numidarum, erat, mobili ingenio, seditiosum 

of the Numidians, was, with changeable disposition, seditious 

atque discordiosum, cupidum novarum rerum, 

and turbulent, desirous of new things (revolution), 

advorsum quieti et otio : dein, rebus compositis 

inimical to rest and to leisure : then, things being arranged 

inter se, constituunt in tertium diem, quod 

between themselves, they appoint on the third day, because 

is festus que celebratus per omnem Africam, 

that (being) festive and celebrated through all Africa, 

ostentabat ludum et lasciviam magis quam 

did display play and wantonness more than 

formidinem. Sed ubi tempus fuit, invitant alius 

fear. But when the time was, they invite the other 



SALLUSTII JITGUETHA. 227 

alium suas domos, centuriones que militares 

(the one) another (to) their houses, the centurions and military 

tribunes, et T. Turpilium Silanum prsefectum ipsum 

tribunes, and Titus Turpilius Silanus the governor himself 

oppidi : obtruncant omnes eos inter epulas, praeter 

of the town : they massacre all those among the feasts, except 

Turpilium : postea aggrediuntur milites palantes, 

Turpilius : afterwards they attack the soldiers wandering, 

inermes, ac sine imperio, quippe in tali die. 

unarmed, and without command, inasmuch-as on such a day. 

Plebes facit idem, pars 

[As became such a day.] The common-people do the same, part 

edocti ab nobilitate, alii incitati studio taliura 

instructed by the nobility, others urged from zeal of such 

rerum, quis ignorantibus acta, que consilium, 

things, to whom not-knowing (their) acts, and design, 

tumultus ipse, et novae res, placebant satis. 

the confusion itself, and new things, did please sufficiently. 

Romani milites, improviso metu, incerti que 

The Roman soldiers, from the sudden fear, doubtful and 

ignari quid facerent potissimiim, trepidare ad 

ignorant what they should do chiefly, (began) to hurry to 

arcem oppidi, ubi signa et scuta erant: 

the citadel of the town, where the standards and shields were : 

prsesidium hostium, portge clausse ante 

a guard of the enemies, (and) the gates being shut before 

prohibebant fugam : ad hoc mulieres que 

did hinder (their) flight: to thi-i (besides) the women and 

pueri mittere certatim pro tectis 

boys (began) to send (cast) emulously before the roofs 

sedificiorum saxa, et alia, quae locus prsebebat. 

of the buildings stones, and other (things), which the place did afford. 

Ita anceps malum neque caveri. 

Thus the double evil (could) neither be guarded-against, 

neque posse resisti infirmissumo generi 

nor (did it appear) to be able to be opposed to the weakest sort 

a fortissumis : 

by the bravest : [nor could the bravest resist the weakest portion of 



228 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

boni que mali, strenui et imbelles, 

mankind :] the good and the bad, the active and the un warlike, 

inulti, obtruncati (sunt) juxta. In esi tanta 

unrevenged, were slaughtered alike. In that so-great 

asperitate, Numidis ssevissumis, et 

roughness (misfortune), the Numidians (being) most-cruel, and 

oppido clause undlque, Turpilius prgefectus, unus 

the town being shut on-every-side, Turpilius the governor, one 

ex omnibus Italicis profugit intactus : 

(alone) out-of all the Italians escaped untouched: 

comperimus parum, an id evenerit ita 

we hare discovered little, whether that may have happened so 

misericordia bospitis, an pactione, an 

from the compassion of (his) host, or by agreement, or 

casu: nisi, quia in tanto male turpis vita 

by chance : unless (but), because in so-great an evil a base life 

fuit potior integra famS, videtur 

was better (than) sound fame (character), he seems 

improbus que intestabilis. Postquam Metellus 

villainous and detestable. After-that Metellus 

comperit de rebus actis Vaccse, moestus 

discovered about the things done at Vacca, sorrowful 

abit paullisper ^ conspeetu: 

he departs a little-while out-of sight (from public) : 

deinde ubi ira et segritudo permista-sunt, 

afterwards when anger and sorrow were-mingled, 

festinat ire ultum injurias cum maxuma cura. 

he hastens to go to avenge the injuries with the greatest care. 

Educit legionem cum qua hiemabat, et 

He leads-out the legion with which he did winter, and 

qu^m-plurimos Numidas equites potest, expedites, 

as-many Numidian cavalry he is-able, prepared, 

cum occasu solis : et 

[both disencumbered], with [at] the setting of the sun : and 

postera die circiter tertiam boram pervenit 

in the following day about the third hour he arrives 

in quamdam planitiem, circumventam locis paullo 

into a certain plain, surrounded with places a little 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 229 



superioribus. Ibi docet milites, 

higher. There he teaches (informs) the soldiers, fatigued 

magnitudine itineris, et jam abnuentes omnia, 

by the greatness of the march, and now refusing all (things), 

oppidum Yaccam abesse non amplius 

[that] the town Vacca to be distant [is distant] not more 

mille passuum: decere illos 

(than) a thousand of paces : to become [that it became] them 

pati reliquum laborem aequo animo, dum 

to suffer the rest (remaining) labour with even mind, until 

caperent poenas pro suis civibus, fortissumis 

they might take penalties for their-own citizens, very-brave 

atque miserrumis viris. Praeterea ostentat 

and most-wretched men. Besides he points-out 

prsedam benigne. 

the plunder liberally. [He liberally grants them the plunder of the 

Sic animis eorum arrectis, jubet 

place.] Thus the minds (spirits) of them being raised, he orders 

equites ire in primo, late, pedites 

the cavalry to go in front, extended, the infantry 

quam-arctissume, et occultare signa. Ubi 

as-closely-as-possible, and to conceal the standards. When 

Vaccenses animadvertere exercitum pergere 

the Vaccenses perceived the army to proceed 

advorsum se, rati primo esse 

against themselves, having thought (it) at-first to be 

Metellum, uti res erat, clausere portas : deinde 

Metellus, as the thing was, they shut the gates : then 

ubi vident agros neque vastari, et eos qui 

when they see the lands neither to be ravaged, and those who 

aderant primi Numidas equites; arbitrati 

were present first (to be) Numidian cavalry; having thought (it) 

rursum Jugurtham, procedunt obvii 

again (to be) Jugurtha, they proceed opposite (towards him) 

cum magno gaudio. Equites que pedites, signo 

with great joy. The cavalry and infantry, a signal 

dato repente, alii caedere 

being given suddenly, others (some began) to slaughter 

20 



230 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

vulgum effusum oppido ; alii festinare 

the common-people poured-forth from the town; others to hasten 

ad portas : pars capere turres : ira, atque spes 

to the gates : part to take the towers : anger, and the hope 

prsedse posse plus quam lassitude. Ita 

of booty to be-able (to do) more than fatigue. Thus 

Vaccenses Isetati (sunt) modo biduum ex 

the Vaccenses rejoiced only two-days from (their) 

perfidia : magna et opulens civitas fuit cuncta 

treachery : the great and wealthy city was all 

poense aut prsedse. 

for punishment or for booty. [Was given up to punishment or booty.] 

Turpilius, quern prsefectum oppidi ostendimus 

Turpilius, whom (being) governor of the town we have shown 

supra profugisse unum ex omnibus, 

above to have escaped one (alone) out-of all, 

jussus a Metello dicere causam; 

being commanded by Metellus to say (plead his) cause; 

postquam expurgat sese parum, condemnatus que 

after-that he clears himself little, being condemned and 

verberatus, solvit poenas capite; nam 

scourged, he loosed (paid) penalties by (his) head; [life;] for 

is erat civis ex Latio. Per idem 

he was a citizen out-of Latium. Through (during) the same 

tempus Bomilcar, impulsu cujus Jugurtba 

time Bomilcar, by the instigation of whom Jugurtha 

inceperat deditionem, quam deseruit metu, 

had begun the surrender, which he abandoned from fear, 

suspectus regi, et ipse suspicions eum, 

being suspected to (by) the king, and he suspecting him, (began) 

cupere novas res ; quaerere dolum ad 

to desire new things (revolution) ; to .seek a stratagem to 

perniciem ejus ; fatigare animum diu 

the destruction of him [Jugurtha] ; to weary (his) mind by-day 

que noctu ; denique, tentando omnia, adjungit 

and by-night; finally, by trying all (things), he unites (as) 

socium sibi Nabdalsam, nobilem hominem, 

an associate to himself Nabdalsa, a noble man. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 231 

clarum magnis opibus, que acceptum suis 

illustrious by great riches, and received (popular) to his-own 

popularibus : qui solitus-erat plerumque ductare 

countrymen : who had been accustomed generally to lead 

exercitum seorsum ab rege, et exsequi omnes 

an army apart from the king, and to execute all 

res, quaa superaverant Jugurtbse, fesso aut 

things, which had remained-over to Jugurtha, fatigued or 

adstricto majoribus ; ex quo gloria que opes 

bound-down to greater (affairs) ; from which glory and riches 

inventse illi. Igitur dies statuitur insidiis 

were found to (by) him. Therefore a day is appointed for the snares 

consilio utriusque: placuit csetera parari 

by the plan of each : it pleased (them) the rest to be prepared 

ex tempore, uti res posceret. Nabdalsa 

aecording-to time, as the thing might demand. Nabdalsa 

profectus (est) ad exercitum, quern jussus habebat 

set-out to the army, which being ordered he did have 

inter hiberna Romanorum, ne hostibus 

between (near) the winter-quarters of the Romans, lest the enemies 

inultis ager vastaretur. 

(being) unrevenged the land might be ravaged. [Lest the land might 

Postquam, is, perculsus 

be ravaged by the enemy with impunity.] After-that, he, struck 

magnitudine facinoris, venit non ad tempus ; que 

by the greatness of the crime, came not to time; and 

metus impediebat rem : Bomilcar, simul cupidus 

fear did hinder the thing : Bomilcar, at-the-same-time desirous 

patrandi incepta, et anxius timore 

of perpetrating his undertakings, and anxious from the fear of (his) 

socii, ne vetere consilio omisso, qusereret 

associate, lest the old design being laid-aside, he might seek 

novum ; mittit letteras ad eum per fideles 

anew (one); sends letters (a letter) to him by faithful 

homines : in queis accusare mollitiem que 

men: in which (he began) to accuse the softness and 

socordiam viri; testari Deos, per quos 

inactivity of the man ; to attest the Gods, through whom 



232 SALLUSTn juguktha. 

juravisset ; monerej ne-converteret 

he might have (had) sworn ; to advise, (that) he should not-turn 

prgemia Metelli in » pestem : exitium 

the rewards of Metellus into (his) plague (ruin) : destruction 

adesse Jugurthse ; c^terum id modo agitari, 

to be at-hand to Jugurtha; but that now to be discussed, 

ne periret sua virtute, an Metelli: 

whether he might perish by his valour, or (that) of Metellus : 

proinde reputaret cum suo animo, 

wherefore he should revolve with his-own mind, (whether) 

mallet prsemia an cruciatum. Sed ciim hae 

he might prefer rewards or torture. But when these 

litterse allatse (sunt), Nabdalsa, fessus, corpora 

letters were brought, Nabdalsa, fatigued, (his) body 

exercito, forte quiescebat in lecto; ubi, verbis 

being exercised, by-chance did rest in abed; where, the words 

Bomilcaris cognitis, cur a, deinde somnus cepit, 

of BomUear being known, anxiety, then sleep took 

uti solet segrum animum. Erat quidam 

(seized him), as it is-wont a sick mind. There was a certain 

Numida ei, fidus curator negotiorum, que 

Numidian to him, a faithful manager of (his) affairs, and 

acceptus, et particeps omnium consiliorum, 

received (approved), and a partaker of all (his) designs, 

nisi novissumi. Qui postquam, audivit litteras 

unless of the newest (last). Who after-that, he heard the letters 

allatas, ratus, ex consuetudine, 

(letter) being brought, having thought, according-to custom, 

opus esse opera, aut suo ingenio, introiit 

need to be with (his) assistance, or his understanding, entered 

in tabernaculum : illo dormiente, sumit ac perlegit 

into the tent : he sleeping, he takes and reads-through 

epistolam positam temere super caput in pulvino: 

the letter placed rashly above (his) head on the pillow : 

dein, insidiis cognitis, pergit prop ere ad regem. 

then, the snares being known, he proceeds quickly to the king. 

Nabdalsa experrectus paullo post, ubi reperit 

Nabdalsa being awaked a little after, when he found 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 233 

neque epistolam, et cognovit omnem rem, uti 

neither the letter, and knew all the thing, as 

acta-erat, 

it had been transacted, [and was informed of what had taken place,] 

primo conatus (est) persequi indicem ; postquam id 

at-first endeavoured to pursue the informer; after-that that 

fuit frustr^, accedit Jugurtham gratia 

was in-vain, he approaches Jugurtha by favour (for the sake) 

placandi : prseventum perfidia 

of appeasing (him): (he says) to have been prevented by the treachery 

sui clientis, facere, quae ipse paravisset : 

of his dependant, to do, what (things) he might have prepared 

lacrnmans, "obtestatur per amicitiam, 

(had intended) : weeping, "he beseeches (him) by friendship, 

que per sua acta fideliter antea, 

and by his (deeds) transacted faithfully before, (that) 

ne-haberet sese suspectum super tali scelere." 

he would not-have himself suspected about such guUt." 

Rex respondit placid^ ad ea, alitor atque 

The king answered calmly to those (words), otherwise and 

gerebat animo. Bomilcare, que multis aliis, 

(than) he did bear in mind. Bomilcar, and many others, 

quos cognoverat socios insidiarum, interfectis, 

whom he had known associates of the snares, being slain, 

oppresserat iram, ne qua seditio oriretur ex 

he had repressed (his) wrath, lest any sedition might arise out-of 

eo negotio. Neque fuit ulla dies aut nox quieta 

that business. Neither was any day or night tranquil 

Jugurtlise post id locorum : neque 

to Jugurtha after that of places (that circumstance) : neither (was 

credere satis cuiquam loco, neque 

he able) to believe (trust) sufficiently to any place, nor 

mortali, neque tempori: metuere cives que 

person, nor time : (he began) to fear citizens and 

hostes juxta: circumspectare omnia, et pavescere 

enemies alike : to look-around-on all (things), and to fear 

omni strepitu: requiescere noctu alio atque 

in every noise : to rest by night in another (one) and 

20* 



234 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

alio loco, 

another place, [he continually changed his place of repose at night,] 

contra regium decus : interdum excitus somno, 

against royal propriety : sometimes roused from sleep, (Ms) 

armis arreptis, facere tumultum : exagitari ita 

arms being snatched-up, to make a tumult: to be harassed thus 

formidine, quasi vecordia;. Igitur, ubi Metellus 

by fear, as-if by insanity. Therefore, when Metellus 

cognovit ex perfugis de casu Bomilcaris, 

knew from deserters concerning the calamity of Bomilcar, 

et indicio patefacto, parat que festinat 

and the information being laid-open, he prepares and hastens 

cuncta rursus tamquam ad integrum bellum. 

all (things) again as-if to a fresh war. 

Dimittit Marium domum, fatigantem de 

He dismisses Marius home, wearying (him) about (his) 

profectione, et simul invitum et offensiim, 

departure, and at-the-same-time unwilling and offended, 

ratus parum idoneum sibi. Et plebes 

having thought (him) little useful for himself. And the common-people 

Romse, litteris quae missge-erant de Metello ac 

at Rome, the letters which had been sent about Metellus and 

Mario cognitis, acceperant volenti animo 

Marius being known, had received (them) with a willing mind 

de ambobus. Nobilitas, quae fuerat antea 

concerning both. (His) nobility, which had been before 

decori, esse invidiae imperatori: at humilitas 

for honour, (began) to be for envy to the commander: but humbleness 

generis addiderat favorem illi alteri: caeterum 

of race had added favour to that other : but [moreover] 

studia partium magis quam sua bona aut mala 

the zeals of parties more than their-own good or bad 

moderata in utroque. Praeterea, seditiosi 

(qualities) directed in each. Besides, seditious 

magistratus exagitare vulgum, 

magistrates (began) to harass [agitate] the common-people, 

arcessere Metellum capitis omnibus concionibus, 

to impeach Metellus of head (capitally) in all harangues. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 235 

celebrare virtutem Marii in majus. 

to celebrate the valour of Marius into greater (too highly). 

Denique, plebes accensa (est) sic, uti opifices 

Finally, the common-people was inflamed so, that the artisans 

que omnes agrestes, quorum res que fides 

and all the rustics, whose thing (property) and credit 

erant sitae in manibus, 

were placed in (their) hands, [who depended on their daily work for 

operibus relictis, frequentarent 

support,] (their) works being left, might (did) frequent 

Marium, et ducerent sua necessaria 

Marius, and might lead (did deem) their-own necessary (matters) 

post honorem illius. 

after the honour of him. [And postponed their own necessary affairs 

Ita nobilitate perculsa, 

to the honour of Marius.] Thus the nobility being struck, [defeated], 

consulatus mandatur novo homini post multas 

the consulship is committed to a new man after many 

tempestates : et postea frequens populus rogatus 

epochs : and afterwards a numerous people being asked 

a Manlio Mantino, tribuno plebis, quern 

by Manlius Mantinus, tribune of the common-people, whom it (they) 

vellet gerere bellum cum Jugurtha, jussit 

might will to carry-on the war with Jugurtha, ordered 

Marium. Sed senatus decreverat Numidiam 

Marius. But the senate had decreed Numidia 

Metello ; ea res fuit frustra. Eodem tempore, 

to Metellus; that thing was in-vain. In the same time, 

Jugurtha, varius que incertus, amicis amissis, 

Jugurtha, changeable and uncertain, (his) friends being lost, 

plerosque quorum ipse necaverat, caeteri formidine; 

most of whom himself had killed, the rest from fear; 

pars profugerant ad Romanes, alii ad regem 

part had fled to the RomJins, others to king 

Bocchum; cum bellum posset neque 

Bocchus: when the war might be (was) able neither 

geri sine administris, et duceret 

to be carried-on without managers, and he might lead (did deem it) 



236 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

periculosum experiri fidem novorum in tant^ 

dangerous to try the faith of new (ones) in so-great 

perfidia; veterum, agitabatur. Neque res neque 

treachery of the old, was harassed. Neither a thing nor 

consilium, aut quisquam hominum placebat illi 

a plan, or any-one of men did please to him 

satis : mutare itinera que prgefectos 

sufficiently : (he began) to change (his) routes and governors 

in-dies : modo pergere advorsum hostes interdum 

daily : one-time to proceed against the enemies sometimes 

in solitudines : ssepe habere spem in fuga, at paullo 

into deserts: often to have hope in flight, but a little 

post in armis : dubitare an crederet miniis 

after in arms : to doubt whether he should believe (trust) less 

virtuti an fidei popularium. Ita, 

to the valour or to the faith of (his) countrymen. Thus, 

quocunque intenderat, res erant advorsae. 

wheresoever he had directed (his mind), things were adverse. 

Sed inter eas moras, Metellus ostendit sese repente 

But among those delays, Metellus shows himself suddenly 

cum exercitu. Numidae parati (sunt), que 

with (his) army. The Numidians were prepared, and 

instructi pro tempore 

arrayed according-to the time [as well as the time and occasion 

ab Jugurtba; : dein praelium incipitur. In 

would permit] by Jugurtha : then a battle is begun. In 

qua parte rex adfuit pugnse, ibi certatum (est) 

what part the king was-present to the battle, there it was contended 

aliquamdiu : omnes cseteri milites ejus pulsi (sunt) 

some-time : all the rest-of the soldiers of him were repulsed 

que fugati primo congressu. Romani potiti (sunt) 

and put-to-flight in the first encounter. The Romans possessed 

signorum et armorum et aliquanto numero 

of the standards and arms and some number 

hostium. Nam pedes magis quam arma 

of the enemies. For (their) feet more than arms 

tutata-sunt Numidas ferme in omnibus prseliis. 

protected the Numidians almost in all the battles. 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 237 

Jugurtha ea fuga modo diffidens impensius suis 

Jugurtha in that flight now distrusting more-earnestly to his 

rebus, pervenit cum perfugis et parte equitatus 

affairs, arrived with the deserters and part of the cavalry 

in solitudines, dein Thalam, in magnum et 

into deserts, then to Thala, into a great and 

opulentum oppidum, ubi plerique thesauri, que 

wealthy town, where most-of the treasures, and 

multus cultus pueritise 

much furniture of boyhood (relating to youthful instruction) of (his) 

filiorum erat. Postquam quae comperta-sunt 

sons was. After-that which (things) were discovered 

Metello, quamquam cognoverat arida 

to (by) Metellus, although he had known dry (parched) 

atque vasta loca esse inter Thalam que proxumum 

and desert places to be between Thala and the next 

flumen, in spatio quinquaginta millium; tamen, 

river, in a space of fifty miles ; however 

aggreditur supervadere omnes asperitates ac 

he attempts to surmount all asperities (difficulties) and 

etiam vincere naturam, spe belli patrandi, 

even to overcome nature, in the hope of the war to-be-completed, 

si potitus-foret ejus oppidi. 

if he might have possessed [if he got possession] of that town. 

Igitur, jubet omnia jumenta levari 

Therefore, he orders all the beasts-of-burden to be lightened 

sarcinis, nisi frumento decem dierum: 

from the baggages, except corn of [for] ten days : 

cseterum utres modo, et alia idonea 

but [moreover] bladders only, and other (things) proper 

aquae portari. Praeterea conquirit plurimum 

for water to be carried. Besides he seeks the most 

domiti pecoris ex agris quam potest, 

of tamed cattle out-of the lands as he is-able, [he collects as 

que eo 

many tame cattle from the fields as he can,] and there (on them) 

imponit vasa cuj usque modi, pleraque 

he places the vessels of every manner (kind), most (of them) 



238 SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 

lignea, collecta ex tugurils Numidarum. Ad 

wooden, gathered out-of the cottages of the Numidians. To 

hoc imperat finitumis qui 

this (besides) he orders to the neighbouring (people) whi 

dederant se Metello post fugam regis, 

had surrendered themselves to Metellus after the flight of the king, 

qnisque portaret quum plurimum aquse ; 

(that) every- one should carry as-much-as-possible of water; 

prsedicit diem que locum ubi forent 

he appoints-before the day and place where they should-be 

prsesto. Ipse onerat jumenta ex flumine, 

at-hand. Himself loads the beasts-of-burden from the river, 

quam aquam diximus supra esse proxumam 

which water we have said above to be nearest 

oppido. Instructus eo modo proficiscitur ad 

to the town. Furnished in that manner he sets-out to 

Thalam. Deinde ubi ventum-est ad id loci, quo 

Thala. Afterwards when it was come to that of place, where 

prseceperat Numidis ; et castra posita-sunt 

he had instructed to theNumidians [tobe] ; and the camps were placed 

que munita; tanta vis aquae dicitur 

(pitched) and fortified ; so-great a force (quantity) of water is said 

missa repente coelo, ut ea foret 

(to have been) sent suddenly from heaven, that that might be (was) 

modo satis que super exercitui. Praeterea 

now enough and above (more) for the army. Besides 

commeatus amplior spe ; 

(there was) provision more-abundant (than) hope; [than was hoped 

quia Numidge, sicuti plerique.in nova deditione, 

for;] because the Numidians, as most in anew surrender, 

intenderant officia. 

had strained (their) offices. [Had exceeded what they were required 

Cseteriim milites usi (sunt) religione magis 

to do.] But the soldiers used religion more (than) 

pluvia, que ea res addidit multiim animis 

the rain, and that thing added much to the minds (spirits) 

eorum ; nam rati (sunt) sese esse curae 

of them ; for they imagined themselves to be for care 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 239 

immortalibus Dils. Deinde perveniunt ad Thalam 

to the immortal Gods. Afterwards they arrive at Thala 

postero die, contra opinionem Jugurtlise. 

on the following day, contrary-to the opinion of Jugurtha. 

Oppidani, qui crediderant se munitos 

The townsmen, who had believed themselves fortified 

asperitate locorum, perculsi magna; atque 

by the roughness of the places, struck by the great and 

insolita; re, parare bellum nihilo segnius ; 

unusual thing, (began) to prepare war by nothing more-inactively, • 

nostri facere idem. Sed 

[not the less on that account ;] our (men) to do the same. But 

rex jam credens nihil infectum Metello, 

the king now believing nothing undone to (by) Metellus, 

quippe qui industria vicerat omnia, arma, 

inasmuch-as who by industry had vanquished all (things) arms, 

tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam, 

weapons, places, times (seasons), finally nature herself, 

imperitantem cseteris, profugit noctu ex 

ruling to the rest (of things), escaped by night out-of 

oppido cum liberis, et magna parte pecuniae ; 

the town with (his) children, and with a great part of the money; 

neque moratus postea in ullo loco amplius 

neither having delayed afterwards in any place more (than) 

una die, aut una nocte, simulabat sese properare 

one day, or one night, he did pretend himself to hasten 

gratia: negotii; cseterum timebat 

by favour (for the sake) of business ; but he did fear 

proditionem, quam putabat posse vitare celeritate. 

treachery, which he did think to be-able to avoid by speed. 

Nam talia consilia capi per otium et 

For (he knew) such counsels to be taken through leisure and 

ex opportunitate. At ubi Metellus videt oppidanos 

from opportunity. But when Metellus sees the townsmen 

intentos prselio, simul oppidum munitum et 

intent in the battle, at-the-same-time flie town fortified both 

operibus et loco, circumvenit moenia vallo 

by works and by the place, he surrounds the walls with a rampart 



240 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

que fossai. Deinde jubet agere vineas 

and a ditch. Then he orders to act (put-in-action) mantelets 

locis maxume idoneis ex copia; 

in the places most suitable according-to the opportunity; 

[in such places, out of the whole number of places, that were most suitable 

que jacere aggerem super eas, et 

for them ;] and to throw a mound above (beyond) those, and 

turribus impositis super aggerem tutari opus et 

towers being placed upon the mound to defend the work and 

administros. Contra lisec oppidani 

the managers (engineers). Against these (things) the townsmen (began) 

festinare, parare; prorsus nihil fieri reliquum 

to hasten, to prepare; altogether nothing to be made left 

ab utrisque. Denique Romani 

by each. [Nothing was left undone by each.] Finally the Romans 

fatigati multo labore ante, que prseliis, potiti (sunt) 

wearied by much labour before, and battles, 



oppido modo, post quadraginta dies, 

with the town [took the town] now, after forty days, 

quam ventum-erat eo ; omnis prseda 

than (since) it had been come thither; all the booty 

corrupta (est) a perfugis. Postquam ii vident 

was destroyed by the deserters. After-that those see 

murum feriri arietibus, que suas res 

the wall to be struck by the (battering) rams, and their things 

afflictas, comportant aurum atque 

overthrown [and ruined], they carry the gold and 

argentum et alia quae decuntur prima 

silver and other (things) which are deemed the first [most valu- 

regiam domum; ibi, onerati vino et 

able] (to) the royal house ; there, loaded with wine and 

epulis, corrumpunt que ilia et domum, et semet 

with feasts, they destroy both them and the house, and themselves 

igni; et ipsi volentes pependere eas poenas, 

by fire ; and themselves willing paid those penalties, 

quas victi metuerant ab hostibus. Sed 

which being conquered they had feared from the enemies. But 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 241 

pariter cum Thala capta, legati 

equally (at the same time) with Thala being taken, ambassadors 

venerant ad Metellum ex oppido Lepti, orantes 

had come to Metellus out-of the town Leptis, praying 

uti mitteret prsesidium que prsefectum eo ; 

that he would send a garrison and a governor thither; [that] 

quemdam Hamilcarem, nobilem, factiosum hominem 

a certain Hamilcar, a noble, factious man 

studere novis rebus ; advorsum 

to study for new things ; [was exciting a revolution ;] against 

quern neque imperia magistratuum neque leges 

whom neither the commands of the magistrates nor the laws 

valerent ; ni festinaret id, suam salutem, 

might avail ; unless he should hasten that, their-own safety, 

socios illorum, fore in summo periculo. 

the allies of them, to be about-to-be in the highest danger. 

Nam Leptitani jam-inde a principio Jugurthini 

For the Leptitani ever-since from the beginning of the Jugurthine 

belli miserant ad consulem Bestiam, et postea 

war had sent to the consul Bestia, and afterwards 

Komam, rogatum amicitiam que societatem. Deinde, 

to Rome, to entreat friendship and alliance. Afterwards, 

ubi ea impetrata (sunt), mansere semper 

when those (things) were obtained, they remained always 

boni que fideles, et fecerant gnave cuncta 

good and faithful, and had done actively all (things) 

imperata a Bestia;, Albino, que Metello ; que ita 

ordered by Bestia, Albinus, and Metellus; and thus 

adepti (sunt) facile ab imperatore, quae 

obtained easily from the commander, what (things) 

petebant. Quatuor cohortes Ligurum emissse 

they did ask. Four cohorts of Ligurians were sent-out 

ed, et Caius Annius prsefectus. Id oppidum 

thither, and Caius Annius (as) governor. That town 

conditum-est ab Sidoniis, quos accepimus 

was built by the Sidonians, whom we have received (heard) 

profugos ob civiles discordias venisse 

(being) exiles on-account-of civil discords to have come 

21 



242 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

in eos locos; caeterum situm inter duas Syrtes, 

into those places; but situate between the two Syrtes, 

quibus nomen inditum ex re. 

to which the name (was) given from the thing. [From the nature 

Nam sunt duo sinus in extrem^ 

of the thing.] For there are two bays in the remotest 

Africa prope, impares magnitudine, pari 

Africa nearly, unequal in size, with equal (similar) 

natura, quorum proxuma terra sunt prsealta; 

nature, of which (the parts) nearest to the land are very-deep ; 

caetera alta, uti fors tulit; alia vadosa 

the rest deep, as chance has brought (directed) ; others fordable 

in tempestate. Nam ubi mare coepit esse magnum 

in a tempest. For "when the sea has begun to be great 

et ssevire ventis, fluctus trabunt limum, que 

and to rage by the winds, the waves draw [move] mud, and 

arenam et ingentia saxa : ita facies locorum 

sand and huge rocks : thus the appearance of the places 

mutatur simul cum ventis ; nominatae-sunt Syrtes 

is changed together with the winds; they have been named Syrtes 

ab tractu. Lingua ejus 

(quicksands) from the drawing [or dragging.] The language of that 

civitatis modo conversa (est) connubio Numidarum; 

state lately was changed by marriage of the Numidians ; 

pleraque legum que cultus Sidonica, 

most (things) of laws and of living (are) Sidonian, [their 

qu9e retinebant 

laws and customs are, for the most part, Sidonian,] which they did retain 

eo facilius, quod agebant setatem procul 

therefore more-easily, because they did act (spend) age (life) far 

ab imperio regis. Multi que vasti loci erant 

from the authority of the king. Many and desert places were 

inter illos et frequentem Numidiam. 

between them and numerous (inhabited) Numidia [and the 

Sed quoniam venimus in has 

densely inhabited Numidia.] But since we have come into these 

regiones per negotia Leptitanorum, videtur non 

regions through the affairs of the Leptitani, it seems not 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 243 

indlgnum memorare egregium atque mirabile faclnus 

unworthy to relate an excellent and admirable exploit 

duorum Cartliagmiensium ; locus admonuit nos 

of two Carthaginians ; the place has reminded us 

earn rem. 

that thing. 

Tempestate qua Carthaginienses imperitabant 

In the time in which the Carthaginians did rule-over 

plerseque Africse, Cyrenenses quoque fuere magni 

to most-of Africa, the Cyrenians also were great 

atque opulenti. Ager in medio arenosus, 

and wealthy. The land in the middle (was) sandy, 

una specie; neque erat flumen neque mons, 

with one appearance; neither was there river nor mountain, 

qui discern eret fines eorum ; quae res habuit 

which might distinguish the bounds of them; which thing held 

eos in magno que diuturno bello. 

them in a great and lasting war. [Which thing kept the 

Postquam 

Carthaginians and the Cyrenians in perpetual war.] After-that 

legiones item classes utrimque ssepe fusse (sunt), 

the legions also the fleets on-either-side often were routed, 

que fugatss, et alteri attriverant alteros 

and put-to-flight, and the others (the one) had wasted the others 

aliquantum; veriti ne alius aggrederetur mox 

some-whatj having feared lest another might attack soon-after 

victos que victores defessos, faciunt 

the conquered and the conquerors wearied, they make 

sponsionem per inducias, uti legati proficiscerentur 

an agreement by truces, that deputies should depart 

domo certo die ; in quo loco fuissent 

from home on a certain day ; in what place they might have been 

obvii is haberetur communis finis 

opposite (had met) that should be held the common boundary 

utriusque populi. Igitur duo fratres missi 

of each people. Therefore the two brothers sent 

Carthagine, quibus nomen erat Philgenis, 

from Carthage, to whom the name was Philaeni, 



244 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

maturavere pergere iter ; Cjrenenses iere 

hastened to proceed [with] the journey; the Cyrenians went 

tardius. Cognovi parum, ne id evenerit 

more-slowly. I have learned little, whether that may have happened 

socordia an casu. Ceterum tempestas solet 

by inactivity or by chance. But a tempest is accustomed 

retinere in illis locis haud seciis atque in 

to detain in those places not otherwise and (than) in 

mari. Nam nbi ventus coortus per sequalia 

sea. For when the wind having arisen through the level 

loca et nuda gignentium 

places and naked (of things) producing [and destitute of vegetation] 

excitavit arenam humo, ea agitata magna 

has raised the sand from the ground, that being shaken with great 

vi, solet implere ora que oculos ; ita 

violence, is accustomed to fill the faces and eyes; thus 

prospectu impedito, morari iter. Postquam 

the view being obstructed, to delay the journey. After-that 

Cjrenenses vident se esse aliquanto posteriores, 

the Cyrenians see themselves to be by some-thing later, 

et metuunt poenas domi ob rem 

and fear punishments at home on-account-of the thing 

corruptam ; criminari 

being spoiled; [ill managed] (they began) to accuse 

Carthaginienses digresses domo ant^ tempns ; 

the Carthaginians having departed from home before the time; 

conturbare rem ; denique malle omnia quam 

to confuse the affair; finally to prefer all (things) than 

abire victi. Sed cum Poeni peterent 

to depart overcome. But when the Carthaginians might (did) ask 

aliam conditionem, tantummodo sequam, Graeci 

another condition, provided only equal (fair), the Greeks 

faciunt optionem Carthaginiensium, vel, 

[of Cyrene] make (offer) a choice of the Carthaginians, either, 

ut illi obruerentur vivi ibi, 

that they should be overwhelmed (bOried) alive there (in those places), 

quos peterent fines suo populo; vel sese 

which they might seek (as) boundaries for their people; or themselves 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 245 

processuros eadem conditione in qiiem locum 

about-to-advance with the same condition into what place 

vellent : Philseni, conditione probata, 

they might will : the Philaeni, the condition being approved, 

condonavere que se que suam vitam reipublicae; 

bestowed both themselves and their life to the state; 

ita obruti (sunt) vivi. Carthaginienses 

thus they were overwhelmed (buried) alive. The Carthaginians 

consecravere aras Philgenis fratribus in eo loco ; 

consecrated altars to the Philseni brothers in that place ; 

que alii honores instituti (sunt) domi illis. Nunc 

and other honours were instituted at home to them. Now 

redeo ad rem. Postquam Jugurtba, Thala 

I return to the thing (subject). After-that Jugurtha, Thala 

amissa, putat nihil satis firmum contra Metellum ; 

being lost, thinks nothing sufficiently firm against Metellus ; 

profectus per magnas solitudines cum paucis, 

having set-out through great deserts with a few, 

pervenit ad Gaetulos, ferum que incultum genus 

he arrived to the Gaitulians, a fierce and uncultivated race 

hominum; et eo tempore ignarum Romani 

of men ; and in that time ignorant of the Roman 

nominis. Cogit multitudinem eorum in-unum : ac 

name. He collects a multitude of them together : and 

paullatim consuefacit habere ordines, sequi 

by-degrees accustoms (them) to hold ranks, to follow 

signa, observare imperium, item facere alia 

standards, to observe command, also to do other 

militaria. Praeterea perducit proxumos 

military (things). Besides he leads-over the nearest (friends) 

regis Bocchi, magnis muneribus et majoribus 

of king Bocchus, by great presents and by greater 

promissis ad studium sui : 

promises to a zeal of him : [to be zealous for him, and his 

quis adjutoribus aggressus regem, impellit 

cause :] by which helpers having accosted the king, he urges 

uti suscipiat bellum advorsum Romanes. Id 

(him) that he may undertake war against the Romans. That 

21* 



246 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

fait facilius que pronius ea gratia, 

was more-easy and more-inclined (ready) from that favour (account), 

quod Bocchus, initio hujusce belli, miserat 

because Bocchus, in the beginning of this war, had sent 

legates Romam petitum foedus et amicitiam. Quam 

ambassadors to Rome to solicit a treaty and friendship. Which 

opportunissumam rem, bello incepto, paucl 

most convenient thing, the war being begun, a few 

impediverant casci avaritiai, quis erat mos 

had hindered blind by avarice, to whom it was a custom 

vendere omnia bonesta atque inhonesta. 

to sell all (things) honourable and dishonourable. 

Etiam filia Jugurthge nupserat antea Boccho. 

Also the daughter of Jugurtha had married before to Bocchus. 

Varum ea necessitudo ducitur levis apud Numidas 

But that relationship is deemed light among Numidians 

que Mauros: quod singuli habent quam-plurimas 

and Moors : because each have very-many 

uxores, quisque pro opibus ; alii 

wives, every-one according-to (their) riches; others (some) 

denas ; alii plures : sed reges amplius eo. Ita 

ten; others more: but the kings more therefore. Thus 

animus distrahitur multitudine : obtinet 

(their) mind (affection) is divided by the multitude : it obtains 

nullam pro socia : omnes sunt pariter viles. 

none for a partner : all are equally cheap (despised). 

Igitur, exercitus conveniunt in locum placitum 

Therefore, the armies assemble into a place agreed-on 

ambobus : ibi fide data, et accepta, Jugurtha 

to-both : there faith being given and received, Jugurtha 

accendit animum Bocchi oratione : Romanes esse 

inflames the mind of Bocchus by a speech : the Romans to be 

injustos, profunda avaritia, 

unjust, with (of) profound avarice, [insatiable in their avarice,] 

communes hostes omnium: illos habere eandem 

common enemies of all : them to have the same 

caussam belli cum Boccho, quam secum, et 

cause of war with Bocchus, which (they had) with him, and 



SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 247 

cum aliis gentibus; lubidinem imperitandi, quis 

with other nations ; a lust of ruling, to ■whom 

omnia regna sint advorsa : turn sese, 

all kingdoms are inimical : then himself, 

Carthaginienses paullo ante, item regem Persen; 

the Carthaginians a little before, also king Perses; 

post uti quisque videatur opulentissimus, ita 

afterwards, as each may seem most-wealthy, so 

fore hostem Romanis. 

to be about-to-be an enemy to the Romans. [So he would be considered 

His atque aliis talibus 

as an enemy of the Romans.] These and other such (words) 

dictis, constituunt iter ad oppidum Cirtam ; 

being said, they appoint (their) march to the town Cirta; 

quod Q. Metellus locaverat prpedam, que captivos, 

because Quintus Metellus had placed the booty, and the prisoners, 

et impedimenta ibi. Ita Jugurtba ratus (est) 

and the baggages there. Thus Jugurtha thought (it) 

fore pretium operse, urbe aut capta; 

to be about-to-be the price of the labour, the city either being taken ; 

aut si Romanus venisset auxilio 

or if the Roman (general) might have come to aid 

suis, sese certaturos prselio. Nam, 

to his-own, themselves (to be) about-to-contend by a battle. For, 

callidus, festinabat id modo imminuere pacem 

crafty, he did hasten that now to diminish the peace 

Boccbi ; ne 

of Bocchus ; [to lessen Bocchus's chance of making peace ;] lest 

agitando moras, mallet aliud quam 

by managing delays, he should wish-rather another (thing) than 

bellum. Postquam imperator cognovit de societate 

war. After-that the commander knew of the alliance 

regum, facit copiam pugnandi, non temer^ 

of the kings, he makes an opportunity of fighting, not rashly 

omnibus locis, neque uti consueverat ssepe 

in all places, nor as he had been accustomed often 

jam, Jugurtha victo : ceterum castris 

already, Jugurtha being conquered : but the camps 



248 SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 

munitis Laud procul ab Cirta, opperitur reges ; 

being fortified not far from Cirta, he awaits the kings; 

ratus esse melius, Mauris cognitis, 

having thought (it) to be better, the Moors being known, [the cha- 

facere pugnam ex 

racter of the Moors being known,] to make battle according-to 

commoclo, quoniam is novus hostis 

convenience, [advantageously,] since that new enemy 

accesserat. Interim, fit certior Romai 

had come-up (was added). Mean-time, he is made more-sure from Rome 

per litteras, provinciam Numidiam datam (esse) 

by letters, the province Numidia to have been given 

Mario. Nam acceperat ante, factum (esse) 

to Marius, For he had received (news) before, to have been made 

consulem. Quibus 

consul. [For he had before heard that he was made consul.] By which 

rebus perculsus supra bonum atque bonestum, 

things being struck beyond (what was) good or honourable, 

neque tenere lacrumas neque moderari 

(he was able) neither to hold (his) tears nor to govern 

linguam: egregius vir in aliis artibus, 

(his) tongue : an excellent man in other arts (qualities), 

pati segritudinem nimis molliter. 

(he was able) to endure sorrow too softly (eifeminately). 

Quam rem alii vortebant in superbiam; 

Which thing others did turn into pride; [did attribute to 

alii bonum ingenium 

pride,-] others (said) (his) good ability [his honourable spirit] 

accensum-esse contumelia : multi, quod victoria 

to have been inflamed by the insult : many (said), because the victory 

jam parta eriperetur ex manibus : 

already obtained might be (was) snatched out-of (his) hands : 

cognitum satis nobis, ilium excruciatum (esse) 

it has been known sufficiently to us, him to have been tormented 

magis bonore Marii quam sua injuria; neque 

more by the honour of Marius than by his-own injury; nor 

fuisse laturum tam anxie, si provincia 

to have been about-to-bear (it) so solicitously, if the province 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 249 

adempta traderetur alii quam Mario. Igitur 

taken-away might be delivered to another than to Marius. Therefore 

impeditus eo dolore, et quia videbatur 

hindered by that grief, and because it did seem (the part) 

stultitise curare alienam rem suo periculo, 

of folly to attend-to another's affair with his-own danger, 

mittit legates ad Boccliuin postulatum 

he sends arpbassadors to Bocchus to request (that) 

"ne-fieret hostis Romano populo sine 

"he would not-become an enemy to the Roman people without 

caussa; eum habere magnam copiam societatis que 

cause : him to have a great opportunity of an alliance and 

amicitise conjungendse, 

of-friendship to be joined, [of entering into alliance and friendship 

quse esset potior bello : 

with the Roman people,] which might be better (than) war : 

quamquam confideret suis opibus, tamen, 

although he might (did) trust to his resources, however, 

debere non mutare incerta pro certis ; 

to owe (he ought) not to change uncertain (things) for certain j 

omne bellum sumi facile, cseterum desinere 

every war to be taken-up easily, but to end 

segerrume; initium et finem ejus non esse in 

most-difficultly ; the beginning and end of it not to be in 

potestate ejusdem, licere cuivis, etiam 

the power of the same (person), to be-lawfal for any-one, even 

ignavo, incipere ; deponi cum victores 

for the cowardly, to begin (it) ; to be laid-aside when the conquerors 

velint : proinde consuleret sibi que suo 

may will : wherefore he should consult for himself and for his 

regno; neu misceret suas florentes res cum 

kingdom ; nor should he mix his flourishing affairs with 

perditis Jugurtbge." Rex facit verba placide satis 

the ruined (affairs) of Jugurtha." The king answers calmly enough 

ad ea : " Sese cupere pacem, sed misereri 

to those (words) : "Himself to desire peace, but to pity 

fortunarum Jugurthse ; si eadem copia fieret 

of the fortunes of Jugurtha; if the same opportunity might be made 



In that manner, 


ab 

by 


utroque, 

each. 


to be 


trahi 

1 protracted 


At 

But 


Marius, 

Marius, 



250 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

illi, omnia conventura." Imperator 

to him, all (things) (should be) about-to-agree." The commander 

rursus mittit nuncios, contra postulata 

again sends messengers, against [in reply to] the requests 

Bocchi. Ille probare partim, abnuere alia. 

of Bocchus. He (willed) to approve partly, to refuse other (parts). 

Eg modo, nunciis missis que remissis ssepe 

messengers being-sent and sent-back often 

tempus procedere, et bellum 

the time (began) to advance, and the war 

intactum ex voluntate Metelli. 

untouched according-to the will of Metellus. 

ut diximus supra, factus consul 

as we have said above, being made consul 

cupientissima; plebe, postquam populus jussit 

by the most-eager common-people, after-that the people ordered 

provinciam Numidiam ei, jam antea infestus 

the province JSTumidia for him, already before hostile 

nobilitati ; vero turn multus atque 

to the nobility ; but then [he] (began) much (frequently) and 

ferox instare ; modo lasdere singulos, 

haughty to urge (them); now to injure (insult) individuals, 

modo universos : dictitare, ^' Sese cepisse 

now the whole : to say-often, " Himself to have taken 

consulatum spolia ex illis victis:" prseterea alia 

the consulship (as) spoils from them overcome :" besides other 

magnifica pro se, et dolentia illis ; interim 

splendid (things) for himself, and grieving to them ; mean-time 

habere prima, quse erant opus bello : 

to have first, (those things) which were needful for war: 

postulare supplementum legionibus ; arcessere 

to require a complement for the legions; to send-for 

auxilia a populis, et regibus, que sociis : prseterea 

auxiliaries from peoples, and kings, and allies: besides 

accire quemque fortissumum ex Latio, plerosque 

to summon each bravest (man) out-of Latium, [the] most 

cognitos militia, paucos fama, et 

known [to him] in warfare, [a] few by fame, and 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA^ 251 

ambiendo cogere homines, stipendiis 

by canvassing to compel [to induce] men, (tlieir) pays 

emeritis, proficisci secum. Neque 

(military duties) being served-out, to set-out ■with him. Nor 

senatus, quamquam erat adversus, audebat 

the senate, although it was hostile (to him), did dare 

abnuere illi de ullo negotio : c^terum etiam 

to refuse to him about any business : [thing :] but even 

Isetus decreverat supplementum ; 

joyful had decreed a complement; [a new levy of soldiers;] 

quia putabatur militiam plebi neque 

because it was thought warfare (to be) to the common-people neither 

volenti, 

willing, [because military service was thought to be disagreeable to the 

et Marius aut amissurus usum 

common people,] and Marius either about-to-lose the advantage 

belli aut studium vulgi. Sed ea res 

of the war or the zeal of the common-people. But that thing 

sperata (est) frustra. Tanta lubido eundi cum 

was hoped in-vain. So-great a passion of going with 

Mario invaserat plerosque : quisque 

Marius had seized most (of them) : each (did think) 

sese fore locupletem pr?eda; rediturum 

himself to be about-to-be wealthy by the booty; about-to-retura 

domum victorem : trahebant 

[and would return] home conqueror: they did draw (resolve) [they 

alia bujuscemodi animis ; et 

did fancy] other (things) of-this-kind in (their) minds; and 

Marius arrexerat eos non paullum sua oratione. 

Marius had roused them not a little by his speech. 

Nam, postquam, omnibus quae postulaverat 

For, after-that, all (things) which he had required 

decretis, vult scribere milites, advocavit 

being decreed, he wills to write (levy) soldiers, he summoned 

concionem populi, causa bortandi, 

an assembly of the people, by cause (for the sake) of exhorting (them), 

et simul exagitandi nobilitatem, 

and at-the-same-time of harassing [inveighing against] the nobility. 



252 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

m 

uti consiieverat ; deinde disseruit hoc modo : 

as he had been accustomed; then he discoursed in this manner: 

" Ego scio Quirites, plerosque petere imperium 

*'I know Romans, most (persons) to solicit power 

a vobis, et gerere, postquam adepti-sunt, 

from you, and to carry (itj on, after-that they have obtained (it), 

non iisdem artibus : primo esse industrios, 

not by the same arts (qualities) : at first to be industrious, 

supplices, modicos, deliinc agere setatem 

suppliant, moderate, afterwards to act (spend their) age 

per ignaviam et superbiam ; sed videtur 

through sloth and pride; but (the thing) seems 

contra mibi. Nam quo universa 

otherwise to me. For by what (by how much) the whole 

respnblica est pluris, quam consulatus aut 

commonwealth is of more (consequence), than the consulship or 

praetura, eo illam debere 

the prgetorship, by that (by so much) that to owe (ought) 

adminlstrari majore cur a, quam base peti. 

to be administered with greater care, than these to be sought. 

[That offices ought to be administered with greater care, than they are 

Neque fallit me, quantum negotii 

sought for.] Neither does it deceive me, how-much of business 

sustineam cum vestro maximo beneficio. 

I may support with your greatest kindness. [How great a 

Parare bellum, et 

task your kindness has imposed on me.] To prepare war, and 

simul parcere serario ; cogere eos ad 

at-the-same-time to spare to the treasury; to compel these to 

militiam, quos nolis 

warfare, [to military service,] whom thou mayest be-unwilling 

offendere ; curare omnia domi que foris ; et 

to offend; to take-care-of all (things) at home and abroad; and 

agere ea inter invidos, occursantes, 

to act those (things) among the envious, the thwarting, 

factiosos, est, Quirites, asperius 

the factious, is, Romans, more-rough (more-difficult) (than) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 253 

opinione. Ad hoc, si alii 

supposition. [Is supposed.] To this (besides), if others 

deliquere, vetus nobilitas, fortia facta 

have transgressed, (their) ancient nobility, the brave deeds 

majorum, opes cognatorum et affinium, 

of (their) ancestors, the resources of relations and of kinsmen, 

multae clientelse, omnia hsec adsunt 

many patronages, all these (things) are-present 

praesidio : .omnes spes sitae milii in memet ; 

for a safeguard : all hopes (are) placed for me in myself; 

quas est necesse tutari virtute et innocentia : 

which it is necessary to defend by valour and by integrity : 

nam alia sunt infirma. Et, 

for other (qualities) [my other dependencies] are -weak. And, 

intelligo illud Quirites, ora omnium esse 

I understand that Romans, th.e countenances of all to be 

conversa in me ; aequos et bonos favere, 

turned upon me; the equal (just) and good to favour (me), 

quippe mea benefacta procedunt reipublicae ; 

because my benefits succeed for the state ; [a faithful 

nobilitatem 

discharge of my duty is for the good of the republic ;] the nobility 

quserere locum invadendi. Quo est 

to seek a place (opportunity) of attacking (me). Wherefore it is 

adnitendum mihi acrius, uti vos neque 

to-be-striven to (by) me more-vigorously, that you neither 

capiamini, et illi sint frustra. 

may be taken, [ensnared,] and they may be in-vain (disappointed). 

Fui ita a pueritia ad hoc setatis, ut 

I have been so from boyhood to this (period) of age, that 

habeam omnes labores, pericula consueta. 

I may have all labours, dangers accustomed. [That I am 

Est non consilium, 

accustomed to all labours and dangers.] It is not (my) design, 

Quirites, uti quae faciebam ante vestra 

Romans, that what (things) I did do [before] (as) your 

beneficia gratuito, 

benefits gratuitously, [before I received any reward from you,] 

22 



254 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

deseram ea, mercede aecepta. Est difficile 

I may desert those, a reward being received. It is difficult 

illis temperare in potestatibus, 

for those to govern in authorities, [to act with moderation in 

qui simulavere sese probos per 

power,] who have pretended themselves honest through 

ambitionem ; vertit in naturam jam ex 

ambition; it has turned into nature now from 

consuetudine milii benefacere, qui egi omnem 

custom for me to act-well, who have acted (spent) all 

setatem in optumis artibus. Jussistis 

(my) age in the best arts [pursuits]. You have ordered 

me gerere bellum cum Jugurtha ; quam rem 

me to carry-on the war with Jugurtha; which thing 

nobilitas tulit aegerrume. Reputate, quseso, cum 

the nobility has borne most-hardly. Consider, I pray, , with 

vestris animis, num sit melius id mutari, si 

your minds, whether it may be better that to be changed, if 

mittatis quern ex illo globo nobilitatis ad hoc, 

ye may send any out-of that band of the nobility to this, 

aut aliud tale negotium, hominem veteris prosapise, 

or other such business, a man of old stock, 

ac multarum imaginum, et nullius stipendii ; 

and of many statues, and of no military-service; 

scilicet ut in tanta re, ignarus omnium, 

forsooth that in so-great an affair, ignorant of all (things), 

trepidet, festinet, sumat aliquem monitorem 

he may tremble, may hurry, may take some admonisher 

sui officii ex populo. Evenit ita plerumque ; 

of his duty out-of the people. It has happened so generally; 

ut is, quem vos jussistis imperare, quserat 

that he, whom you have ordered to command, may seek 

alium imperatorem sibi. At ego scio, Quirites, 

another commander for himself. But I know, Romans, 

qui postquam facti-sunt consules, coeperint 

(those) who after-that they were made consuls, may have begun 

legere acta majorum, et militaria 

to read the deeds of (their) ancestors, and the military 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 255 

praecepta Graecorum ; prseposteri homines ! Nam 

precepts of the Greeks; the preposterous men! For 

est posterius tempore, prius re atque usu, 

it is later in time, (but) sooner in fact and experience, 

genera quam fieri. 

to carry-on (an office) than to be made (an officer). [Qualifications 
and experience ought to precede the election of any one to the consul- 

Comparate me 

ship, if it is to be advantageous to the republic] Compare me 

nunc, Quirites, novum hominem, cum superbi^ 

now, Romans, a new man, with the pride 

illorum. Quae illi sclent audire et legere, 

of them. What (things) they are accustomed to hear and to read, 

egomet vidi partem eorum ; gessi alia ; 

I-myself have seen part of them; I have carried-on others; 

quae illi litteris ego didici ea 

■what they (have learned) by letters I have learned those (things) 

militando. Nunc existumate vos facta an 

b}' serving-in-war. Now think ye (whether) deeds or 

dicta sint pluris. Contemnunt meam 

words may be of more (value). They despise my 

novitatem, ego, ignaviam illorum. Fortuna 

newness (obscurity), I, the inactivity of them. (My) fortune 

mihi, probra objectantur illis. 

(is objected) to me, (their) disgraces are objected to them. 

Qaamquam ego existumo naturam omnium unam et 

Although I think the nature of all one and 

communem, sed quemque fortissumum 

common, but (I think) each bravest (man) 

generosissumum. Ac si posset jam quferi 

the mosfc-noble. And if it might be-able now to be inquired 

ex patribus Albini aut Bestiae, ne 

from the fathers of Albinus or of Bestia, whether 

maluerint me an illos gigni ex se ; 

they may have-rather me or them to be begotten of themselves; 

quid creditis responsuros, nisi, sese 

■what believe ye (them) about-to-answer, unless, themselves 



256 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

voluisse liberos, quam optumos? Quod 

to have willed children, as the best (the best possible) ? But 

si despiciunt me jure ; faciant idem suia 

if they despise me by right j let them do the same to their 

majoribus; quibus nobilitas coepit ex virtute, 

ancestors; to whom (their) nobility has begun out-of valour, 

uti mihi. Invident meo honori ; ergo invideant 

as tome. They envy to my honour; therefore let them envy 

labori, innocentise, meis periculis etiam; 

to (my) labour, integrity, to my dangers also; 

quoniam cepi ilium per bgec. Verum 

since I have received that (honour) by these. But (those) 

homines corrupti superbia agunt setatem 

men corrupted by pride act (spend) age [their life] 

ita, quasi contemnant vestros bonores ; 

so, as-if they may despise [as if they despised] your honours; 

petunt bos, quasi vixerint boneste, 

they seek these (honours), as-if they may have lived honourably. 

Nse illi sunt falsi, qui expectant pariter 

Truly they are deceived, who expect equally 

diversissumas res, voluptatem ignavise, et 

the most-different things, the pleasure of inactivity, and 

praemia virtutis. Atque etiam cum faciunt verba 

the rewards of valour. And also when they make words 



vos aut m senatu, 

among you [when they speak before you] or in the senate, 

extollunt suos majores pleraque oratione; putant 

they praise their ances.tors in most-of the speech; they think 

sese clariores memorando fortia facta eorum; 

themselves more-illustrious by recording the brave deeds of them; 

quod est contr^. Nam quanto vita 

which is on-the-contrary. For by how-much the lifo 

illorum pryeclarior, tanto socordia borum 

of them (was) more-illustrious, by so-much the indolence of these (is) 

flagitiosior. Et profecto res babet se ita : 

more-criminal. And truly the thing has itself thus : 

gloria majorum est quasi lumen posteris, 

the glory of ancestors is as-if a light to (their) posterities. 



SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 257 

neque patitur bona neque mala eorum 

nor suffers the good nor evil (qualities) of them (to remain) 

in occulto. EgOj Quirites, patior inopiam hujusce 

in secret. I, Romans, suffer the want of this 

rei. Verum licet mihi 

thing. [Of having illustrious ancestors.] But it is-lawful for me 

dicere meamet facta, id quod est multo prseclarius. 

to say my own deeds, that which is by much more-illustrious. 

Nunc videte quam iniqui sint. Quod 

Now see how unjust they may be (they are). What 

arrogant sibi ex alien a virtute, concedunt 

they assume to themselves from others' valour, they grant 

non id mibi ex mea; scilicet, quia habeo 

not that to me out-of my-own ; forsooth, because I have 

non imagines, et quia nova nobilitas est 

not images (statues), and because a new nobility is 

mibi ; quam certe est melius peperisse quam 

for me ; which surely it is better to have produced than 

corrupisse acceptam. Equidem ego ignoro non, 

to have spoiled (it) received. Indeed I am ignorant not, 

■si velint jam respondere mibi, orationem 

if they may will now to answer to me, a speech 

abunde facundam et compositam fore 

abundantly eloquent and composed (laboured) to be about-to-be 

illis. Sed, cum in vestro 

to them. ["Will be at their command.] But, when [amidst your 

maxumo benificio lacerent . me que vos 

most ample favour] they may tear (they revile) me and you 

maledictis omnibus locis, placuit non reticere, 

with reproaches in all places, it has pleased (me) not to be-silent, 

ne quis duceret modestiam in conscientiam. 

lest any-one might lead (construct) moderation into consciousness. 

Nam quidem nulla oratio potest Isedere me, ex 

For indeed no speech is-able to injure me, according-to 

sententia mei animi. Quippe, est necesse vera 

the opinion of my mind. Because, it is necessary a true (speech) 

praedicet bene ; vita que mei 

may declare well; [must speak well of me;] (my) life and my 

22* 



258 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

mores superant falsam. Sed quoniam 

manners overcome (are above) a false (one). But since 

vestra consilia accusantur, qui imposuistis 

your counsels are accused, who have placed (conferred) 

summum honorem et maxumum negotium mihi; 

the highest honour and the greatest business to (on) me; 

reputate etiam atque etiam num id 

revolve also and also (again and again) whether that 

sit poenitendum. Possum non ostentare imagines 

may be to-be-repented. I am-able not to display statues 

neque triumphos aut consulatus meorum majorum 

nor triumphs or the consulships of my ancestors 

caussa fidei ; 

by cause (for tbe sake) of faith (proof); [in order to obtain your confl- 

at si res postulet hastas, 

dence:] but if the thing may require (I can display) spears, 

vexillum, phaleras, alia militaria dona, prseterea 

a standard, trappings, other military gifts, besides 

cicatrices advorso corpore. Hge sunt meae 

scars in opposite (front) body. These are my 

imagines, hific nobilitas, non relicta 

statues, this (my) nobility, not left [to me] 

haereditate, ut ilia illis, sed quae ego quaesivi 

by inheritance, as those to them, but which I have sought 

meis plurimis laboribus et periculis. Mea verba 

by my very-many labours and dangers. My words 

sunt non composita ; . 

are not composed; [they say my language is not polished;] 

facio id parvi ; yirtus ipsa ostendit 

I make (regard) that of little (consequence) ; virtue herself shows 

se satis ; est opus illis artificio uti 

herself sufficiently; there is need to them with (of) artifice that 

tegant turpia facta oratione. Neque didici 

they may cover shameful deeds by speech. Is or have I learned 

Grsecas litteras. Placebat parum dicere 

Greek letters (literature). It did please (me) little to learn 

eas, quippe quae profuerunt nihil 

those (letters), forsooth which profited nothing to (their) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 259 

doctoribus ad virtutem. At 

teachers to valour. [To make them brave men.] But 

doctus-sum ilia multo optuma reipublicse ; 

I have been taught those (things) by much the best for the state; 

ferire hostem, agitare prgesidia, metuere 

to strike an enemy, to agitate (mount) guards, to fear 

nihil, nisi turpem famam ; pati hiemem et 

nothing, unless abase character; to suflFer winter and 

aestatem juxta ; requiescere humi ; tolerare inopiam 

summer alike; to rest on the ground; to endure want 

et laborem eodem tempore. Ego hortabor milites 

and labour in the same time. I will exhort the soldiers 

his prseceptis ; neque colam illos arete, 

by these precepts ; neither shall I treat them strictly (parsimo- 

me opulenter ; neque faciam laborem 

niously), myself richly; nor shall I make the labour 

illorum meam gloriam. Hoc est utile, hoc civile 

of them my glory. This is useful, this citizen-like 

imperium. Namque, cum tute agas per 

authority. For, when thou-thyself mayest act by 

mollitiem, cogere exercitum 

softness (remissness), [in luxury and indulgence,] to force an army 

supplicio, id est esse dominum, 

by punishment, [to perform its duties,] that is to be a despot, 

non imperatorem. Vestri majores, faciundo haec 

not a commander. Your ancestors, by doing these 

atque talia, celebrav^re que se que 

and like (things), have distinguished both themselves and 

rempublicam. Quis nobilitas freta, ipsa dissimilis 

the state. On whom the nobility relying, itself unlike 

moribus, contemnit nos semulos illorum ; et repetit 

in manners, despises us the rivals of them ; and seeks 

omnes honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos 

all honours not according-to merit, but as-if due 

a vobis. Coeteriim superbissumi homines errant 

[from you]. But these most-haughty men mistake 

procul. Majores eorum reliquere illis omnia, 

far. The ancestors of them left to them all (things) 



260 SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 

quae licebat, divitias, imagines, prseclaram 

which it was-lawful, riches, statues, an illustrious 

memoriam sibi ; reliquere non virtutem ; 

memory of themselves ; they have left not virtue; 

neqne poterant : ea sola neque datur neque 

nor were they able : that alone neither is given nor 

accipitur dono. Aiunt me sordidum et 

is received by gift. They say me (to be) mean and 

incultis moribus ; quia exorno convivium 

with uncultivated manners; because I adorn a banquet 

pariim scite ; neque habeo ullum histrionem neque 

little skilfully; neither have I any buffoon nor 

coquum pluris pretii quam villicum : quse 

cook of more price than (my) steward : which (charges) 

lubet mihi, Quirites, confiteri. Nam accepi 

it pleases to me, Romans, to confess. For I have received 

ita, et ex meo parente et ex aliis Sanctis 

(heard) so, both from my parent and from other reverend 

viris, munditias convenire mulieribus, laborem viris, 

men, refinements to suit to women, labour to men, 

que plus glorias quam divitiarum oportere esse 

and more of glory than of riches to behove (ought) to be 

omnibus bonis : arma, non supellectilem, esse 

to all good (men) : arms, not furniture, to be 

decori. Quin, ergo, faciant id semper quod 

for ornament. But, therefore, let them do that always which 

juvat, quod gestumant carum : ament, 

delights (them), which they value dear: let them love, 

potent : ubi habuere adolescentiam, ibi 

let them drink : where they have had ^heir) youth, there 

agant senectutem, in conviviis, dediti 

let them act (spend) old-age, in banquets, devoted 

ventri, et turpissimae parti corporis ; relinquant 

to the belly, and to the basest part of the body ; let them leave 

sudorem, pulverem, et alia talia nobis, quibus 

sweat, dust, and other such (things) to us, to whom 

ilia sunt jucundiora epulis. Verum est 

those (things) are more-pleasant (than) feasts. But it is 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 261 

non ita. Nam ubi turpissimi viri dedecoravere 

not so. Por -when the basest men have disgraced 

se omnibus flagitiis, eunt ereptum pr^emia 

themselves with all infamies, they go to snatch-away the rewards 

bonorum. Ita luxuria et ignavia, pessumge artes, 

of the good. Thus luxury and indolence, the worst arts 

injustisslme officiunt nihil illis, qui 

(qualities), most-unjustly injure nothing to those, who 

coluere eas ; sunt cladi innoxise 

have cultivated them ; they are for destruction to the innocent 

reipublicae. Nunc quoniam respondi illis, 

state. Now since I have answered to them, 

quantum mei mores, non flagitia illorum 

as-much-as my manners, not the infamies of them 

poscebant ; loquar pauca de republican 

did require; I shall speak a few (words) concerning the state. 

Primum omnium, Quirites, habete bonum animum 

First of all, Romans, have a good mind 

de Numidia; nam removistis omnia 

(spirit) concerning Numidia; for you have removed all (things) 

quae tutata-sunt Jugurtbam ad hoc tempus, 

which have protected Jugurtba to this time, (viz.) 

avaritiam, imperitiam, superbiam. Deinde exercitus 

avarice, unskilfulness, pride. Then the army 

ibi, est sciens locorum, 

there, is knowing of the places, [acquainted with the localities,] 

sed mehercule magis strenuus quam felix: nam 

but by-Hercules more brave than fortunate : for 

magna pars ejus attrita-est avaritia aut 

a great part of it has been wasted by the avarice or 

temeritate ducum. Quamobrem, vos, quibus 

by the rashness of the commanders. Wherefore, you, to whom 

militaris aetas est, adnitimini mecum, et capessite 

a military age is, strive with me, and take-in-hand 

rempublicam; neque metus ceperit 

the state ; neither fear may have taken (let-it-take) 

quemquam ex 

any-one [neither let fear take possession of any one] from 



262 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

calamitate allorum, aut superbia imperatorum. 

the misfortune of others, or from the pride of-commanders. 

Egomet adero vobiscum in agmine, idem 

I-myself shall be-present with you on the march, the samelfyour) 

consultor in prselio, et socius periculi 

adviser in battle, and the companion of the danger [with you] ; 

que geram me que vos juxta in omnibus 

and I shall conduct myself and you alike in all 

rebus. Et profecto, diis juvantibus, omnia 

things. And truly, the gods assisting, all (things) 

sunt matura, victoria prseda, laus : si quae 

are ripe, victory booty, praise : if which (things) 

assent dubia, aut procul, tamen, decet omnes 

might be (were) doubtful, or far-off, yet, it becomes all 

bonos subvenire reipublicae. Etenim nemo 

good (men) to aid to the state. For no-one 

factus (est) immortalis ignavia : neque quisquam 

has been made immortal by indolence: nor any 

parens optavit liberis, uti forent seterni ; 

parent has wished for (his) children, that theymightbe everlasting; 

magis uti exigerent vitam boni que honesti. 

rather that they might spend life (as) good and honest (men). 

Dicerem plura, Quirites, si verba adderent virtutem 

I would say more, Romans, if words might add valour 

timidis : nam puto abunde dictum strenuis." 

to the fearful : for I think abundantly said for the brave." 

Oratione hujuscemodi babita, postquam Marius 

A speech of this-kind being held, after-that Marius 

videt animos plebis arrectos, onerat naves 

sees the minds of the common-people roused, he loads ships 

propere commeatu, stipendio, armis, que aliis 

speedily with provision, with pay, with arms, ^nd with other 

utilibus : jubet A. Manlium, legatum, 

useful (things): he orders Aulus Manlius, (his) lieutenant, 

proficisci cum his. Ipse, interea, scribere 

to set-out with these. Himself, (began) meanwhile, to write (levy) 

milites, non more majorum, neque ex 

soldiers, not in the manner of (our) ancestors, nor according-to 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 



263 



classibus, sed uti libido cujusque erat, 

classes (ti;ibes), but as the desire of every-one -was, 

plerosque censos capite. 

most (of them) registered by the head (nominal citizens). [Most 

Alii 

of them were of the sixth or poorest class of citizens.] Others 

memorabant id factum (esse) inopia bonorum, 

did relate that to have been done from want of good (men), 

alii per ambitionem consulis ; quod 

others through the ambition cf the consul; because 



celebi'atus-erat que auctus ab eo genere ; 

he had been distinguished and increased by that kind (of people) ; 



[because he owed his reputation and advancement to oflSee principally to 

et quisque egentissumus 

that class of people;] and every most-needy (person) (was) 

opportunissumus homini quserenti potentiam; cui 

most-suitable to a man seeking power; to whom 

sua sunt neque curse, quippe nulla 

his-own (things) are neither for a care, because (he has) none 

et omnia videntur honesta 



quge, 

which (exist), and 



honourable 



cum 

with 



pretio. 

a price (reward). 

Africam cum 

Africa with 

decretum-erat, 

had been decreed. 



profectus in 

having set-out into 



all (things) seem 

Igitur, Marius 

Therefore, Marius 

majore numero aliquanto quam 

a greater number by something than 

advebitur Uticam paucis diebus. 

is borne to Utica in a few days. 

Exercitus traditur ei k P. Rutilio legato. 

The army is delivered-up to him by Publius Rutilius the lieutenant. 

Nam Metellus fugerat conspectum Marii ; ne 

For Metellus had avoided the sight of Marius ; lest 

videret ea quae audita animus 

he might see those (things) which being heard (his) mind 

nequiverat tolerare. Sed consul, ' legionibus que 

had been unable to endure. But the consul, the legions and 

auxiliariis cohortibus expletis, proficiscitur 

auxiliary cohorts being fiUed-up, 



sets-out 



m 

into 



264 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

fertilem agriim, et onustum prseda. Donat 

a fertile land, and loaded with booty. He presents 

omnia capta ibi militibus : dein aggreditur 

all (things) taken there to the soldiers: then be attacks 

castella et oppida parum munita natur^ et viris : 

the castles and towns little fortified by nature and by men: 

facere multa praelia, c^teriim alia levia 

(he began) to make many battles, but other light (ones) 

aliis locis. Interim, novi milites 

in other (different) places. Mean-time, the new soldiers (began) 

adesse pugnge sine metu ; videre fugientes capi 

to be-present to battle without fear; to see the fleeing to be taken 

aut occidi ; quemque fortissumum tutissumum : 

or to be slain ; every bravest (man) the safest : 

libertatem, patriam, que parentes, et omnia alia 

liberty, country, and parents, and all other 

tegi armis : gloriam atque divitias 

(things) to be protected by arms : glory and riches 

quseri. Sic brevi spatio, 

to be sought (acquired) [thereby]. Thus in a short space (time), 

novi que veteres coaluere, et virtus omnium 

the new and the old (soldiers) coalesced, and the valour of all 

facta (est) sequalis. At ubi reges cognoverunt de 

was made equal. But when the kings knew of 

adventu Marii, abeunt diversi in difficiles 

the arrival of Marius, they depart different (apart) into difficult 

locos. Ita, placuerat Jugurtbse, speranti hostes 

places. Thus, it had pleased to Jugurtha, hoping the enemies 

mox effusos, posse invadi; Komanos, sicuti 

by-and-by scattered, to be-able to be attacked; the Romans, so-as 

plerosque, metu remoto, futures laxius 

most (persons), fear being removed, about-to-be more-remissly 

que licentius. Interea, Metellus profectus 

and more-licentiously. Mean-time, Metellus having set-out 

Romam, accipitur laetissumis animis contra suam 

to Rome, is received with most-joyful minds against his 

spem: juxta carus plebi que patribus 

hope: equally dear to the common-people and to the fathers 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 265 

postquam invidia decesserat. Sed Marius 

after-that the odium had departed. But Marius (began) 

attendere pariter impigre que prudenter res 

to observe equally actively and prudently the affairs 

suorum et hostium : cognoscere quid boni 

of his-own (men) and of the enemies : to know what of good 

esset utrisque, aut contrS, : explorare itinera 

might be to each, or otherwise : to reconnoitre the routes 

regum, antevenire consilia et insidias 

of the kings, to come-before (prevent) the designs and snares 

eorum : pati nihil remissum apud se, neque 

of them : to allow nothing negligent with himself, nor 

tutum apud illos, Itaque, aggressus 

safe with them [the kings]. Therefore, having attacked 

ssepe et Gaetulos et Jugurtham agentes 

often both the Gaetuli and Jugurtha acting (driving) 

praedas ex nostris sociis, fuderat itinere, 

booties from our allies, he had routed (them) on the march, 

que exuerat regem ipsum haud procul ab 

and had stripped the king himself not far from 

Cirt^ armis. 

Cirta from (of his) arms. [Compelled him to fly with loss of arms.] 

Quae postquam cognovit modo gloriosa, 

Which (things) after-that he knew (to be) only glorious, 

neque belli patrandi, statuit 

nor (a means) of the war to-be-accomplished, he determined 

circumvenire singulas urbes, quae erant 

to surround each-of the cities, which were 

opportunissumae viris, aut loco pro hostibus, 

most-convenient in men, or in place (situation) for the enemies, 

et advorsum se; ita Jugurtham aut 

and against himself; thus Jugurtha either (would be) 

nudatum praesidiis, si pater etur ea, 

stripped from (of ) the garrisons, if he should suffer those (things), 

aut certaturum praelio. Nam Bocchus saepe miserat 

or about-to-contend in battle. For Bocchus often had sent 

nuncios ad eum, " velle amicitiam 

messengers to him, " to will [saying, that he wished] the friendship 

23 



266 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Romani populi, ne-timeret quid 

of the Roman people, (that) it might not-fear any (thing) 

hostile ab se." Exploratum-est parum, ne 

hostile from himself." It has been discovered little, whether 

simulaverit id, quo improvisus 

he may have pretended that, in-order-that (being) unexpected 

accederet gravior, an mobilitate ingenii, 

he might come-on more-heavy, or from fickleness of disposition, 

solitus mutare pacem atque bellum. Sed 

being accustomed to change peace and VFar. But 

consul adire oppida que munita castella, 

the consul (began) to approach the towns and fortified castles, 

uti statuerat ; avortere alia partim vi, 

as he had determined; to turn-away (alienate) others partly by force, 

alia metu, aut ostentando pr?emia ab hostibus. 

others by fear, or by displaying rewards from the enemy. 

Ac primo gerebat mediocria, existumans 

And at-first he did carry-on moderate (things), thinking 

Jugurtham venturum in manus ob 

Jugurtha about-to-come into (his) hands on-account-of 

tutandos sues. 

protecting his-own (people). [Would come in his power, by being forced 

Sed ubi accepit ilium 

to protect his own people.] But when he received (heard) him 

abesse procul, et intentum aliis negotiis, 

to be-distant far, and intent to (on) other afi"airs, 

visum-est tempus aggredi majora et magis aspera. 

it seemed time to attempt greater and more rough 

Erat magnum atque valens 

(difficult things). There was a great and prevailing (powerful) 

oppidum, nomine Capsa, inter ingentes solitudines ; 

town, byname Capsa, among great deserts; 

conditor cujus memorabatur Libys Hercules. 

the founder of which was recorded [to be] the Libyan Hercules. 

Gives ejus habebantur immunes apud Jugurtham, 

The citizens of it were held free with Jugurtha, 

levi imperio, et j&delissumi ob ea : 

(under) light government, and most faithful on-account-of those (things) : 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 267 

munlti advorsum hostes, non modo moenibus, et 

fortified against eoemies, not only by walls, and 

armis, atque viris, verum etiam multo magis 

by arms, and by men, but also by-much more 

asperltate locorum. Nam prseter 

by the roughness (difficulty) of the places. For except (the places) 

propinqua oppido, omnia vasta, inculta, 

near to the town, all (were) desert, uncultivated, 

egentia aquae, infesta serpentibus, vis quarum 

wanting of water, infested by serpents, the violence of which (is) 

acrior inopia cibi, sicuti omnium ferarum: ad 

more-sharp from want of food, so-as of all wild-beasts : to 

hoc, natura ipsa serpentium perniciosa, 

this (besides),' the nature itself of serpents (being) destructive, 

accenditur magis siti quam alia re. 

is inflamed more by thirst than by (any) other thing. 

Maxima cupido potiundi ejus invaserat 

A very-great desire of possessing of it [Capsa] had seized 

Marium, cum propter usum belli, 

Marius, as-well on-account-of the use (convenience) of the war, 

tum quia res videbatur aspera: et 

then (as) because the thing did seem rough: (arduous): and 

Metellus ceperat oppidum Thalam magna gloria, 

Metelius had taken the town Thala with great glory, 

situm que munitum baud dissimiliter ; nisi quod 

situate and fortified not differently; unless that 

aliquot fontes erant non longe a moenibus apud 

some fountains were not far from the walls at 

Thalam : Capsenses utebantur una jugi 

Thala : the Capsenses did use one continual (ever-flowing) 

aqua modo, atque ea intra 

[one never-failing spring of] water only, and that within 

oppidum, csetera pluvia. Id 

the town, the rest [they used was] rain (water). That 

tolerabatur faciliiis, eo, que ibi et in omni 

was endured more easily, therefore, both there and in all 

Afric^, quae agebat incultius procul a mari, 

Africa, which did act (live) more-rudely far from the sea, 



268 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

quia Numidge vescebantur plerumque lacte 

because the Numidians did feed generally with (on) milk 

et ferina carne, neque qugerebant salem, neque 

and with wild flesh, nor did they seek salt, nor 

alia irritamenta gulae. Cibus erat illis 

other incitements of the throat (luxury). Food was to them 

advorsum famem atque sitim, non lubidini neque 

against hunger and thirst, not for pleasure nor 

luxurise. Igitur, omnibus exploratis, consul, 

for luxury. Therefore, all (things) being reconnoitred, the consul, 

credo, fretus Diis (ahl.), nam poterat non 

I believe, relying on the Gods, for he was-able not 

providere satis contra tantas difficultates consilio : 

to provide sufficiently against so-great difficulties by counsel : 

quippe tentabatur etiam inopia frumenti, 

because he was tried [threatened] also with want of corn, 

quod Numidse student pabulo pecoris magis 

because the Numidians study for the food of cattle more 

quam arvo, 

than for the land, [because the Numidians are more occupied with 

et contulerant jussu regis 

cattle, than with tillage,] and they had carried [by order of the king] 

in munita loca quodcunque natum-fuerat : autem 

into fortified places whatsoever had been produced : but 

ager aridus, et vacuus frugum ea tempestate; 

the land (was) dry, and empty of fruits in that time; 

nam erat extremum sestatis; tamen, exornat 

for it was the last of summer; however, he furnishes (himself) 

providenter satis pro copia rei: 

providently enough according-to the opportunity of the thing: 

attribuit omne pecus, quod fuerat prsedse 

he assigns all the cattle, which had been for booty 

superioribus diebus, agendum auxiliaribus 

in the former days, to-be-acted (driven) by the auxiliary 

equitibus ; jubet A. Manlium, legatum, ire 

horsemen ; he orders Aulus Manlius, (his) lieutenant, to go 

cum expeditis cohortibus ad oppidum Laris, ubi 

with the light-armed cohorts to the town of Laris, where 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 269 

locaverat stipendium et commeatum : que dicit se 

he had placed pay and provision : and he says himself 

venturum eodem, prsedabundum, post paucos 

about-to-come to the same (place), plundering, after a few 

dies. Sic suo incepto occultato, pergit ad 

days. Thus his undertaking being concealed, he proceeds to 

flumen Tanam. Caeterum distribuerat quotidie in 

the river Tana. But he had distributed daily on 

itinere pecus exercitui per centurias, item sequaliter 

the march cattle to the army by hundreds, also regularly 

turmas ; 

(by) companies; [by companies of infantry, and proportionably by troops 

et curabat, uti utres fierent ex 

of cavalry;] and did take-care, that bladders might be made out-of 

coriis : simul, et lenire inopiam frumenti, 

hides : at-the-same-time, both to mitigate the want of corn, 

et omnibus ignaris, parare quae forent mox 

and ail (being) ignorant, to prepare what might be by-and-by 

Usui : denique, cum ventum-est ad flumen sexto 

for use ; finally, when it was come to the river in the sixth 

die, maxuma vis utrium effecta (est). Ibi 

day, a very-great force (quantity) of bladders was completed. There 

castris positis levi munimento, jubet milites 

the camps being placed with a slight defence, he orders the soldiers 

capere cibum, atque esse paratos, uti egrederentur 

to take food, and to be prepared, that they should go-out 

cum occasu solis ; omnibus sarcinis abjectis, 

with the setting of the sun ; all the baggages being cast-away, 

onerare que se et jumenta modo aqua. 

to load both themselves and the beasts-of-burden only with water. 

Dein, postquam tempus visum (est), egreditur 

Then, after-that the time seemed (fit), he goes-out 

castris ; que itinere facto totam noctem, 

from the camps; and the march being made the whole night, 

consedit: facit idem proxuma. Dein 

he sat-down (encamped) : he does the same on the next. Afterwards 

pervenit tertia, multo ante adventum 

he arrived on the third (day), by much before the coming 

23* 



270 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

lucis, in tumulosum locum, intervallo noix 

of light (day), into a hilly place, in an interval (of) not 

amplius duum millium ab Capsa; que opperitur 

more (than) of two miles from Capsa; and waits 

ibi quam-occultissume potest cum omnibus copiis. 

there as-secretly-as he is able with all the forces. 

Sed ubi dies ccepit, et multi Numidae, metuentes 

But when day began, and many Numidians, fearing 

nihil hostile, egressi (sunt) oppido, jubet repent^ 

nothing hostile, came-out from the town, he orders suddenly 

omnem equitatum et velocissumos pedites tendere 

all the cavalry and the swiftest infantry to proceed 

cursu ad Capsam, et obsidere portas : deinde, 

in a race (haste) to Capsam, and to block-up the gates : afterwards, 

ipse intentus sequi propere, neque sinere 

himself prepared (began) to follow speedily, nor to permit 

milites prsedare. Quae, postquam 

[nor did he permit] the soldiers to plunder. Which (things), after-that 

oppidani cognovere, trepidae res, ingens metus, 

the townsmen knew, the fearful things, great fear, 

improvisum malum, ad hoc pars civium 

an unforeseen evil, to this (besides) part of the citizens 

extra moenia in potestate hostium, coegere 

without the walls in the power of the enemies, compelled (them) 

uti facerent deditionem. Cseterum oppidum 

that they should make a surrender. But the town 

incensum (est) ; puberes Numidse interfecti ; omnes 

was set-on-fire ; the adult Numidians killed; all 

alii venumdati; prseda divisa militibus. Id 

the others sold; the booty divided to the soldiers. That 

facinus contra jus belli admissum (est) non 

crime against the right (law) of war was committed not 

avaritia, neque scelere consulis ; sed quia 

from avarice, nor by the wickedness of the consul; but because 

locus opportunus Jugurthse, difficilis aditu 

the place (was) convenient for Jugurtha, difficult in access 

nobis: genus hominum mobile, infidum, 

to us : tbe kind of men (was) fickle, faithless. 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 271 

coercitum ante neque beneficio neque metu. 

restrained before neither by kindness nor by fear. 

Postquam Marius, magnus et clarus antea, 

After-that Marius, great and illustrious before, 

patravit tantam rem sine ullo incommodo 

accomplished so-great a thing without any inconvenience 

suorum, coepit haberi major atque 

of his-own (troops), he began to be accounted greater and 

clarior: omnia non ben^ consulta 

more-illustrious : all (things) not well planned 

trahebantur in virtutem. Milites babiti 

■were drawn (construed) into valour. The soldiers held 

modesto imperio, et simul locupletes, 

in moderate authority, and at-the-same-time wealthy, (began) 

ferre ad coelum ; Numidae timere 

to bear (extol him) to heaven; the Numidians (began) to fear (him) 

magis quam mortalem ; postremd, omnes socii atque 

more than mortal; lastly, all the allies and 

bostes credere, aut divinam mentem esse illi, aut 

enemies to believe, either a divine mind to be to him, or 

cuncta portendi nutu deorum. 

all (things) to be foreboded by the nod of the gods. [By the will of 

Sed, ubi ea res evenit bene, consul 

the gods.] But, when that thing happened well, the consul 

pergit ad alia oppida : capit pauca, Numidls 

proceeds to other towns : he takes a few, the Numidians 

repugnantibus ; corrumpit igni plura deserta 

resisting; destroys by fire more deserted 

propter miserias Capsensium : omnia 

on-aecount-of the misfortunes of the Capsenses ; all (things) 

complentur luctu atque csede. Denique, 

are filled with mourning and with slaughter. Finally, 

potitus multis locis, {ahl.) ac plerisque 

having possessed many places, and most (of them) 

incruento exercitu, aggreditur aliam rem, non 

with a bloodless armj', he attempts another thing, not 

eadem asperitate qua Capensium, 

with the same roughness (danger) with which (the aflfalr) of the Capsenses, 



272 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

cseterum haud secus difficilem. Namque baud 

but not otherwise (less) difficult. For not 

longe a flumine Mulucha, qnod disjungebat regnum 

far from the river Mulucha, -whicli did separate the kingdom 

Jugurtbse que Bocchi, ■ erat saxeus mons inter 

of Jugurtha and of Bucchus, there was a stony mountain between 

cssteram planltiein, satis patens, 

the rest-of [in the midst of] a plain, sufficiently opening (wide), 

mediocri castello, editus in-immensum, uno 

[on top,] with a moderate castle, elevated immensely, one 

peran gusto aditu relicto : nam omnis natura 

very-narrow approach being left : for all the nature (of tho 

(erat) prseceps, velut opere atque consulto. 

place) was steep, as-if by work and by design. 

Quern locum Marius intendit capere summa 

Which place Marius resolves to take with the highest (utmost) 

vi, quod thesauri regis erant ibi: sed ea res 

force, because the treasures of the king were there : but that thing 

gesta (est) melius forte quam consilio. Nam 

was carried-on better by chance than by counsel. For 

satis magna vis virorum atque 

(there was) a sufficiently great force of men and 

armorum, et frumenti castello, et fons aquae, 

of arms, and of corn in the castle, and a fountain of water, 

locus importunus aggeribus que turribus, et aliis 

the place troublesome by ramparts and by towers, and by other 

macbinationibus ; 

engines: [the place unfit for mounds and towers, and other engines of war;] 

iter castellanorum admodum angustum, 

the road of the castle-defenders very narrow, 

praecisum utriraque : vineae agebantur 

cut-across on-either-side: mantelets were acted (put in motion) 

frustra cum ingenti periculo. Nam cum eae 

in-Tain with great danger. For when those 

processerant paullo, corrumpebantur igni aut 

bad advanced a little, they were destroyed by fire or 

lapidibus : milites neque consistere pro 

by stones: the soldiers (were able) neither to stand before 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 273 

opere, propter iniquitatem loci ; neque 

the work, on-account-pf the unevenness of the place; nor 

administrare inter vineas sine periculo : quisque 

to manage between the mantelets without danger : every 

optumus cadere aut sauciari ; metus 

best (man) (continued) to fall or to be wounded ; fear 

augeri caeteris. At Marius, mnltis diebus et 

to be increased to the rest. But Marius, many days and 

laboribus consumptis, anxius trabere 

labours being wasted, solicitous (begafl) to draw (ponder) 

cum suo animo, ne omitteret inceptum, 

■with his mind, whether he should omit the undertaking, 

quoniam erat frustra; an opperiretur fortunam, 

since it was in-vain ; or he should wait-for fortune, 

qua (abl) usus-fuerat s?epe prospere. 

which he had used (experienced) often successfully. 

Quae, cum sestuatis, agitaret 

Which (things), when boiling (perplexed), he might (did) deliberate 

multos dies que noctes, quidam Ligus, gregarius-miles 

many days and nights, a certain Ligurian, a common-soldier 

ex auxiliariis cobortibus, egressus castris 

out-of the auxiliary cohorts, having gone-out from the camps 

aquatum, animadvertit cochleas repentes inter 

to water, perceived snails creeping among 

saxa, baud procul ab latere castelli, quod erat 

the stones, not far from the side of the castle, which was 

avorsum prseliantibus ; quarum cum 

turned-away from (those) fighting; of which [snails] when 

peteret unam atque alteram, dein plures, 

he might (did) seek one and another, then more, 

Studio legundi, egressus-est paullatim prope ad 

from a desire of gathering, he went by-degrees nearly to 

summum montis. Ubi, postquam intellexit 

the highest (point) of the mountain. Where, after-that be perceived 

solitudinem, vortit animum 

a desert, [deserted place,] he turned (conceived) a mind 

visundi ignara more humanae cupidinis. 

of going-to-see unknown (things) in the manner of human desire. 



274 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Et forte grandis ilex coaluerat in eo loco 

And by chance a large holm-oak had grown-up in that place 

inter saxa, modo paullulum prona, dein 

among the rocks, now (in part) a little bent, then 

inflexa, atque aucta in altitudinem, quo natura 

curved, and increased into height, whither nature 

fert cuncta gignentium ; ramis cujus 

carries all of growing (things) ; to the branches of which 

modo, nisus, modo eminentibus saxis, 

one-time, having leaned, one-time to the projecting rocks, 

Ligus perscribit planitiem castelli ; quod 

the Ligurian writes-out (observes) the plain of the castle ; because 

cuncti Numidse aderant intenti praeliantibus. 

all the Numidians were-present intent to (those) fighting. 

Omnibus exploratis quse dacebat 

All (things) being examined which he did lead (deem) 

fore Usui mox, regreditur eadem, 

to be about-to-be for use by-and-by, he returns by the same (way), 

non temere, uti ascenderat, sed tentans et 

not rashly, as he had ascended, but trying and 

circumspiciens omnia. Itaque adit Marium 

looking-round-on all (things). Therefore he goes-to Marius 

propere ; edocet acta ; bortatur " tentet 

c^uickly; informs (the things) done j exhorts (that) ** he may attempt 

castellum ab ea parte, qua ipse ascenderat 

the castle from that part, by which himself had ascended 

castellum; pollicetur sese ducem itineris que 

the castle; he promises himself the guide of the journey and 

periculi." Marius misit ex 

of the danger." Marius sent (some) out-of (those) 

presentibus cum Ligure cognitum promissa 

present with the Ligurian to know the promises 

ejus ; quorum uti ingenium cujusque erat, ita 

of him; of whom as the disposition of each was, so 

nunciavere rem difficilem aut facilem. Tamen 

they announced the thing difficult or easy. However 

animus consulis paullum arrectus. Itaque 

the mind of the consul (was) a little excited. Therefore 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 275 

deleglt ex copia tubiclnum et corniciniim 

he chose out-of the plenty (number) of trumpeters and bugle-men 

quinque quam velocissumos, et quatuor centuriones 

five as most-swift, and four centurions 

cum his, qui forent praesidio ; que jubet omnes 

Tfith these, who might be for a guard ; and orders all 

parere Liguri; et constituit proxumum diem 

to obey to the Ligurian; and appoints the next day 

ei negotio. Sed ubi tempus visum (est) 

for that business. But when the time seemed (proper) 

ex prsecepto, omnibus paratis que 

according-to instruction, all (things) being prepared and 

compositis, pergit ad locum. Cseterum illi, qui 

arranged, he proceeds to the place. But they, who 

praeerant centuriis, prsedocti ab duce, 

were-over to the centuries, previously-instructed by the guide, 

mutaverant arma que ornatum, capite atque 

had changed (their) arms and uniform, the head and 

pedibus nudis, uti prospectus que nisus per 

feet (being) naked, that the view and climbing through 

saxa foret facilius ; gladii et scuta 

(among) the rocks might be more-easy; (their) swords and shields 

super terga; verum ea 

(were placed) upon (their) backs; but those (shields were) 

Numidica ex coriis, gratia ponderis ; 

Numidian (made) out-of hides, by favour (on account) of the weight; 

et simul quo ofFensa 

and at-the-same-time in-order-that (the things) struck-against 

streperent levius. Igitur Ligus prDegrediens, 

might sound more-lightly. Therefore the Ligurian going-before, 

vinciebat laqueis saxa, et si quae radices 

did tie with ropes the rocks, and if any roots 

eminebant Vetustate, allevati quibus milites 

did project from age, lifted by which the soldiers 

ascenderent facilius ; interdum levare 

might ascend more-easily; sometimes (he began) to lighten (assist) 

manu timidos insolentia itineris ; 

by the hand the fearful from the unusualness of the way ; 



276 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

mittere singulos [plu?:) inermes prge se, ubi 

to send each unarmed before himself, when 

ascensus erat paullo asperior ; deinde ipse sequi 

the ascent was a little more-rough ; then himself to follow 

cum armis illorura, tentare potissimum quae 

with the arms of them, to try very-particularly what 

videbantur dubia nisui; ac ascendens 

did seem doubtful for leaning (climbing) ; and ascending 

saepius eadem, que descendens, dein statim 

very-often by the same (way), and descending, then immediately 

digredieus, addere audaciam caeteris. Igitur, 

etepping-aside, to add boldness to the rest. Therefore, 

fatigati diu que multum, perveniunt tandem in 

being fatigued long and much, they arrive at-length into 

castellum, desertum ab e^ parte, quod omnes 

the castle, deserted from (on) that part, because all 

aderant advorsum bostes, sicuti aliis diebus. 

were-present against the enemies, so-as in other days. 

Ubi Marius cognovit ex nunciis, quae 

When Marius knew from messengers, what (things) 

Ligus egerat, quamquam habuerat Numidas 

the Ligurian had acted, although he had had the Numidians 

intentos praelio toto die, tum vero 

engaged to (on) the battle in the whole day, then truly 

cobortatus milites, ipse et egressus extra 

having exhorted the soldiers, himself also having gone out without 

vineas, testudine acta, 

the mantelets, a penthouse-engine being acted (put in motion), [the sol- 
diers forming a testudo with their shields, over their heads and on their 

(coepit) succedere, et simul, terrere 

sides,] began to advance, and at-the-same-time, to affright 

hostem tormentis que sagittariis, et 

the enemy with shooting-engines and with archers, and 

funditoribus eminiis. At Numidae, vineis 

with slingers at-a-distance. But the Numidians, the mantelets 

Romanorum subversis, item incensis saepe ante4, 

of the Romans being overthrown, also burned often before, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 277 

tutabantur non sese moenibus castelli ; sed 

did defend not themselves in the walls of the castle; but (continued) 

agitare dies que noctes pro muro ; maledicere 

to be-active days and nights before the wall; to rail 

Eomanis, ac objectare vecordiam Mario ; 

to the Romans, and to object-often insanity toMarius; 

minari servitium Jugurtbse nostris militibus ; 

to threaten the slavery of Jugurtha to our soldiers ; 

[and to threaten our soldiers, that they -would become the slaves of 

esse feroces secundis rebus. Interim, 

Jugurtha;] to be fierce in favourable things. Mean-time, 

omnibus Romanis que hostibus intentis 

all the Romans and the enemies (being) intent to (on) 

prselio, his certantibus pro gloria atque imperio, 

the battle, these [fighting] for glory and authority, 

illis pro salute, magna vi utrimqiie, signa 

those for safety, with great force on-either-side, the signs 

(coeperunt) canere repente a tergo ; 

(trumpets) (began) to sing (sound) suddenly from the rear; 

ac mulieres et pueri primo, qui processerant visum 

and the women and boys first, who had gone-forth to see 

fugere ; deinde uti quisque erat proxumus 

(began) to flee; then as every-one was nearest 

muro ; postremo, cuncti armati que inermes. 

to the wall; lastly, all the armed and unarmed. 

Ubi quod accidit, Romani instare. 

When which (thing) happened, the Romans (began) to press-on, 

fundere eo acriiis, ac tantummodo sauciare 

to rout therefore more-vigorously, and only to wound 

plerosque ; dein vadere super corpora 

most (of them); then to proceed over the bodies 

occisorum, avidi glorioe, certantes petere murum ; 

of the slain, greedy of glory, contending to seek the wall ; 

neque prseda morari quemquam omnium. 

nor plunder (was-able) to delay any-one of all. 

Sic temeritas Marii correcta forte, invenit 

Thus the rashness of Marius being corrected by chance, found (acquired) 

24 



278 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

gloriam ex culpa. Cieterum, dum ea res geritur, 

glory from fault. But, whilst that thing is carried-on, 

L. Sulla quiestor venit in castra cum magno 

Lucius S}-lla (as) qusestor came into the camps with great (much) 

equitatu ; quod relictus-erat Romse, uti 

cavalry ; because [he] had been left at Rome, that 

cogeret ex Latio, et a sociis. Sed 

he might collect [them] out-of Latium, and from the allies. But 

quoniam res admonuit nos tanti viri, 

since the thing (subject) has reminded us of so-great a man, 

visum-est idoneum dicere paucis de natura 

it has seemed proper to say in a few (words) about the nature 

que cultu ejus. Enim neque sumus 

(disposition) and education [habits] of him. For neither are we 

dicturi de rebus Sullae alio loco ; et 

about-to-say of the affairs of Sylla in another place; and 

L. Sisenna persecutus optume et diligentissim^ 

Lucius Sisenna having followed-up best and most-diligently 

omnium, qui dixere eas res, videtur 

of all (those), who have said (treated) those things, seems 

mihi locutus ore parum libero. 

to me having spoken with a mouth little (by no means) free. 

Igitur 

[His relation seems to me to have but little political freedom,] Therefore 

Sulla fuit nobilis patricise gentis, familia; 

Sylla was a noble (man) of patrician nation (family), the family 

extincta. prop^ ignavia majorum, eruditus 

being extinct nearly by the indolence of (his) ancestors, skilled 

juxta atque doctissume Graecis atque Latinis 

alike and most-learnedly in Greek and in Latin 

litteris, ingenti animo, cupidus voluptatum, sed 

letters, with a great mind, desirous of pleasures, but 

cupidior glorige ; esse luxurioso otio ; 

more-desirous of glory ; (he was able) to be in luxurious ease; 

tamen voluptas nunquam 

[luxurious when at leisure;] however pleasure never 

reraorata (est) ab negotiis, nisi quod potuit 

retarded (him) from (his) affairs, unless that it was-able 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 279 

consuli honestius de uxore : 

to be consulted more honourably about (his) wife : [unless he had 
consulted his own character more in matrimonial affairs :] (he was) 

facundus, callidus, et facilis amicitia ; incredibilis 

eloquent, crafty, and easy in friendship; an incredible 

altitude increnii ad neo;otia simulanda ; 

depth of ability to aflfairs to-be-dissembled; [of concealing 

largitor multarum reriim, ac maxume 

his affairs ;] a bestower of many things, and chiefly 

pecuniae ; atque felicissumo omnium ante 

of money; and (being) most-fortunate of all before 

civilem victoriam, fortuna fuit nunquam super 

the civil victory, (his) fortune was never above (his) 

industriam ; que multi dubitavere esset 

industry; and many have doubted (whether) he might be (he was) 

fortior an felicior. Nam habeo incertum 

more-brave or more-fortunate. For I have (it) doubtful 

pudeat magis an pigeat disserere 

(whether) it may shame [more] or may grieve (me) to discuss 

qu8e fecerit postea. Igitur 

what (things) he may have done (he did) afterwards. Therefore 

postquam Sulla venit in Africam atque in castra 

after-that Sylla came into Africa and into the camps 

Marii, cum equitatu, uti dictum-est supra, 

of Marius, [with the cavalry,] as has been said above, (being) 

rudis antea ei ignarus belli, factus-est solertissumus 

unskilled before and ignorant of war, he became most-intelligent 

omnium in paucis tempestatibus. 

[the most skilful soldier] of all iu a few seasons. 

Ad-hoc appellare milites 

[In a short time.] Besides (he was accustomed) to address the soldiers 

benigne ; dare beneficia multis rogantibus, ipse 

kindly; to give benefits to many asking, himself 

(dare) aliis per se ; invitus accipere ; sed 

(to give) to others by himself; unwilling to receive (any); but 

reddere ea properantiiis, quam mutuum ses ; 

to return those more-quickly, than borrowed brass (a loan) ; 



280 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

ipse repetere ab nullo : laborare id magis, 

himself to ask -again from no-one: to labour-for that more (rather), 

ut quam-plurimi debereDt illi : agere joca, atque 

that as-man3'-as-iD0£sible should owe to him : to act jests, and 

seria cum humillimis ; adesse multus in 

serious (matters) with the humblest; to be present much in 

operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias : neque 

the works, on the troop (march), and at the watches : nor 

interim Isedere famam consulis, aut cujusquam 

mean-time to injure the character of the consul, or of any 

boni, quod prava ambitio solet: 

good (man), which corrupt ambition is accustomed (to do) : 

tantummodo neque pati alium priorem 

only neither to sufi'er (any) other former [to be before 

consilio neque manu ; antevenire plerosque. 

him] in counsel nor in hand (action) ; to outstrip most. 

Quibus rebus et artibus, 

[He excelled most others,} By which things and arts (qualities), 

factus (est) brevi carissumus Mario que militibus. 

he became shortly most-dear to Marius and to the soldiers. 

At postquam, Jugurtha amiserat oppidum Capsam 

But after-that, Jugurtha had lost the toAvn Capsa 

que alios munitos locos, et utiles sibi, et 

and other fortified places, and useful to himself, and 

simul magnam pecuniam, mittit nuncios ad 

at-the-same-time great money, he sends messengers to 

Boccbum, adduceret copias, quam-primum 

Bocchus, (that) he should lead-up (his) forces as-soon-as-possible 

in Numidiam : tempus pr^elii faciundi adesse. 

into Numidia: the time of battle to-be-made to be-at-hand. 

Quern, ubi accepit cunctari, dubium belli, 

"Whom, when he received (heard) to delay, doubtful of the war, 

atque trabere rationes pacis : corrumpit 

and to draw (to devise) reasons of peace : he corrupts (bribes) 

rursus, ut antea, proxumos ejus donis, que 

again, as before, the nearest (friends) of him by gifts, and 

pollicetur tertiam partem ISTumidiae Mauro ipsi, si 

promises a third part of Numidia to the Moor himself, if 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 281 

E-omani expulsi Africa, aut suls 

the Romans (should be) driven-out from Africa, or his-owa 

finibus integris, bellum compositum-foret. 

territories (being) entire, the war might have been arranged. 



[Or peace being so made with the Romans, that he (Jugurtha) should lose 

Bocchus, illectus eo prsemio, accedit 

no territory.] Bocchus, allured by that reward, comes-to 

Jugurtliam cum magnai multitudine. Ita exercitu 

Jugurtha with a great multitude. Thus, the army 

amborum conjuncto, invadunt Marium jam 

of both being united, they attack Marius now 

proficiscentem in hiberna, decima parte diei 

setting-out into winter-quarters, the tenth part of the day 

vix reliqua, rati noctem, quae jam 

scarcely (being) left, having thought the night, which now 

aderat, fore munimento sibi 

was-at-hand, to be about-to-be for a defence to themselves 

victis ; et si vicissent, nullo 

being conquered; and if they might have conquered, (to be) no 

impedimento, quia erant scientes locorum : 

obstruction, because they were knowing of the places : 

contra, utrumque casum 

[acquainted with the locality :] on-the-other-hand, each chance 

fore difficiliorem Romanis in tenebris. 

to be about-to-be more-difficult to the Romans in the darknesses. 

Igitur consul cognovit simul, ex multis, de 

Therefore the consul knew at-the-same-time, from many, of 

adventu hostium, et hostes ipsi aderant ; 

the arrival of the enemies, and the enemies themselves were-at-hand; 

et priusqnam exercitus quivit instrui, aut 

and before-that the army was-able to be arrayed, or 

colligere sarcinas, denique, antequam 

to collect the baggages, finally, before-that (it was able) 

accipere signum aut ullum imperium, Mauri atque 

to receive a signal or any command, the Moorish and 

Gsetuli equites incurrunt in nostros non 

Gaetulian horse rush against our (men) not 

24* 



282 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

acie, neque ullo more praelii, sed catervatim, 

in line (of battle), nor in any manner of battle, but in-troops, 

uti fors conglobaverat quosque. Omnes qui 

as chance had collected every (troop). All who 

trepidi improviso metu, ac tamen memores 

fearful from the unforeseen terror, and however mindful 

virtutis, aut capiebant arma, aut defensabant ab 

of valour, either did take arms, or did protect from 

liostibus alios capientes ; pars ascendere 

the enemies others taking (them); part (began) to mount (their) 

equos, ire obviam hostibus: pugna fieri magis 

horses, to go towards to the enemies : the battle to become more 

similis latrocinio quam praelio: equites, pedltes 

like to a robbery than to a fight : horse, foot 

permixti sine signis, sine ordinibus, csedere 

mingled without standards, without ranks, to slaughter 

alios, obtruncare alios ; circumvenire ab tergo 

others (some), to maim others; to surround from the rear 

multos pugnantes accerrume contra adversos : 

many lighting most- vigorously against (those) opposite: 

neque virtus, neque arma tegere 

neither valour, nor arms (were able) to cover (protect) (them) 

satis ; quod bostes erant plures numero et 

sufficiently; because the enemies were more in number and 

circumfusi undique. Denique, veteres Romani que 

poured-round on-every-side. Finally, the veteran Eomans and 

novi, et scientes belli ob ea 

the new (recruits), and (those) knowing of war on-account-of those 

facere orbes, si locus aut casus 

(things) (began) to make rings, if the place or chance 

conjunxerat quos : atque ita tecti atque instructi 

had united any: and thus protected and arrayed 

ab omnibus partibus, simul, sustentabant 

from all parts, at-the-same-time, they did support 

vim bostium. Neque fuit Marius territus aut 

the force of the enemies. Neither was Marius affrighted or 

magis demisso animo quam antea, in eo tam 

more with cast-down mind than befoie, in that so 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 283 

aspero negotio; sed vagari passim cum 

rough a business; but (he began) to hover every-where with 

sua turma, quam paraverat magis ex 

bis-own troop, which he had prepared (raised) rather out-of 

fortissumis quam familiarissumis ; ac modo 

the bravest than the most-intimate j and one-time 

succurrere suis laborantibus, modo invadere 

to aid to his-own (men) labouring, one-time to attack 

manu hostes, ubi obstiterant 

with (his) band the enemies, where they had opposed 

confertissumi ; consulere militibus, 

most-dense; to advise to the soldiers, [to aid his soldiers by 

quoniam poterat non imperare, omnibus 

fighting,] since he was able not to command, all 

conturbatis. Que jam dies consumptus-erat, cum, 

being disordered. And now the day bad been spent, when, 

tamen, barbari remittere nihil, atque 

however, the barbarians (began) to relax nothing, and 

instare acrius, uti reges pr?eceperant, 

to press-on more-vigorously, as the kings had ordered, 

rati noctem pro se. Tum 

having thought the night for themselves (in their favour). Then 

Marius trahit consilium ex copia 

Marius draws (takes) counsel from the plenty (condition) 

rerum; atque occupat duos colles propinquos inter 

of things; and seizes two hills near among 

se, uti esset locus 

themselves, [near to one another,] that there might be a place 

receptui suis. In uno quorum parum amplo 

for a retreat for his (men). In one of which little extensive 

castris, erat magnus fons aquae : 

(not large enough) for camps, was a great fountain of water : 

alter opportunus usui, quia editus et 

the other (was) convenient for use, because (it was) raised and 

prgeceps magna parte : egebat munimento pauca;. 

steep in great part: did want with fortification in few 

Cseterum jubet 

(in small part). [Required but little fortification.] But he orders 



284 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

Sullam agitare noctem cum equitibus apud 

Sylla to agitate (spend) the night with the cavalry at 

aquam. Ipse contraliit in unum disperses 

the water. Himself draws together into one (body) the scattered 

milites, hostibus conturbatis neque miniis : 

soldiers, the enemies being disordered neither (not) less : 

dein subducit cunctos pleno gradu in collem. 

then he withdraws all in full pace unto the hill. 

Ita reges, coacti difficultate loci, deterrentur 

Thus the kings, compelled by the difficulty of the place, are deterred 

pr^lio : neque, tamen, sinunt sues abire 

from battle: nor, however, do they permit their (men) to depart 

longiiis, sed utroque colle circumdato multitudine, 

farther, but each hill being surrounded by the multitude, 

effusi, consedere. Dein crebris ignibus factis, 

scattered, they sat-down. Then frequent fires being made, 

barbari Isetari suo more, exsultare, 

the barbarians (began) to rejoice in their manner, to exult, 

strepere vocibns plerumque noctis : et 

to roar with voices most of the night: and (their) 

duces ipsi feroces ; quia fugere non, 

generals themselves (were) fierce; because they fled not, 

agere ut pro victoribus. 

(they began) to act as for conquerors. [As if they were conquerors.] 

Sed cuncta ea facilia visu Romanis, 

But all those (things were) easy to be seen by the Romans, 

ex tenebris et editioribus locis, que erant 

out-of the darknesses and the higher places, and were 

magno bortamento. Vero Marius confirmatus 

for great encouragement. But Marius being encouraged 

plurimum imperitia h ostium, jubet 

very-much by the ignorance of the enemies, orders 

quam-maxumum silentium baberi ; ne quidem 

the greatest-possible silence to be kept; not indeed (even) 

signa canere, uti solebant 

the signs (trumpets) to sing (to sound), as they were accustomed 

per vigilias ; deinde ubi lux adventabat, 

through the watches; then when light (day) did approach, 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 285 

hostibus jam defessis, ac captis somno paullo 

the enemies now being wearied, and taken with sleep a little 

ante, de-improviso vectigales tubicines 

before, (he orders) suddenly the tributary trumpeters 

omnes simul, item cohortium, turmarum, 

all together, also (those) of the cohorts, of companies, 

legionum, canere signa, 

[of the troops of horse,] of legions, to sound the signs (trumpets), 

milites toUere clamorem, atque erumpere portls. 

the soldiers to raise a shout, and to burst-forth from the gates. 

Mauri atque GsetuH, exciti repente ignoto 

The Moors and Gaetulians, roused suddenly by the unknown 

et borribili sonitu, poterant neque fugere, neque 

and horrible sound, were-able neither to flee, nor 

capere arma, neque facere aut providere quidquam 

to take arms, nor to do or to provide any 

omnino ; ita vecordia quasi ceperat 

(thing) at-allj thus madness as-it-were had taken (seized) 

cunctos terrore, formidine strepitu, clamore, nullo 

all with terror, with dismay by the noise, by shout, none 

subveniente, nostris instantibus tumultu. 

assisting, our (men) pressing-on with tumult. 

Denique omnes fusi (sunt), que fugati ; arma 

Finally all were routed, and put-to-flight; (their) arms 

et pleraque militaria signa capta; que plures 

and most-of the military standards taken; and more 

interempti (sunt) eo prselio, quam omnibus 

were destroyed in that battle, than in all 

superioribus. Nam fuga impedita (est) somno et 

the former. For flight was hindered by sleep and 

insolito metu. Dein Marius proficiscitur in 

by unusual fear. Then Marius sets-out into 

hiberna, uti coeperat, que decreverat agere 

winter-quarters, as be had begun, which he had resolved to act 

in maritimis oppidis, propter commeatum ; 

(spend) in the maritime towns, on-account-of provision; 

neque tamen factus (est) socors aut insolens victoria ; 

nor however was he made inactive or haughty by victory; 



286 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

sed incedere qiiadrato agmine pariter 

but (•continued) to march in a squared troop (array) equally 

atque in conspectu hostium. Sulla curabat 

and (as), in sight of the enemies. Sylla did take-care 

cum equltatu apud dextimos, A. Manlius 

(commanded) with the cavalry at (on) the right, Aulus Manlius 

cum funditoribus et sagittariis, .prseterea cobortes 

■with ^the slingers and archers, besides the cohorts 

Ligurum in sinistra parte ; locaverat 

of the Ligurians (commanded) in the left part; he had placed 

tribunes primes et extremes cum expeditis 

tribunes first and last with the light-armed 

manipulis. Perfugse minume cari, et 

divisions. Deserters (persons) by-no-means dear, and 

scientissumi regionum, explorabant iter 

most-skilful of the countries, did reconnoitre the march 

bostium. Consul simul providere 

of the enemies. The consul at-the-same-time (continued) to provide 

omnia, quasi nullo imposito ; 

all (things), as-if no-one being placed-over (the men); 

adesse apud omnes, laudare, increpare 

to be-present at (with) all, to praise, to chide (those) 

mercntos. Ipse armatus que intentus item cogebat 

deserving. Himself armed and prepared also did compel 

milites ; neque munire castra secus 

the soldiers; nor (did he cease) to fortify the camps otherwise 

atque facere iter ; 

and (than) to make the march; [he fortified his camps with the same 

mittere cohortes ex 

care that he had made his march ;] to send cohorts out-of 

legionibus excubitum in porta, auxiliarios equites 

the legions to watch in the gate, the auxiliary cavalry 

pro castris ; pr?eterea locare alios super vallum 

before the camps; besides to place others above the rampart 

in munimcntis, ipse circuire vigilias, non 

in the fortifications, himself to go-about the watches, not 

diffidentia futuri quae 

from distrust of future (completion of) what he might have (had) 



SALLUSTII JUGUKTHA. 287 

imperavisset, quam uti labos ex^equatus cum 

ordered, as that the labour being equalled with 

imperatore esset militibus volentibus. 

the commander might be to the soldiers willing. [That the com- 

mander sharing in the toils of the soldiers, they might the more willingly 

Et sane Marius coercehat exercitum 

bear them.] And truly Marius did restrain (his) aruiy 

magis pudore, quam malo illo et aliis 

more by shame, than by evil (severity) in that (time) and in other 

temporibus Jugurtbini belli; quod multi aicbnnt 

times of the Jugurthine war; which many did say 

fieri per ambitionem ; pars quod habulsset 

to be done through ambition j part (said) because he might have held 

voluptati a pueritia consuetam duritiam, et alia 

for pleasure from boyhood (his) accustomed hardihood, and other 

quae cseteri vocant miserias. Nisi tamen 

(things) which the rest call miseries. Unless (but) however 

respublica gesta (est) bene atque decore, pariter 

the state was carried-oa well and becomingly, equally 

ac saevissumo imperio. Igitur citi 

and (as) in the most-cruel authority. Therefore speedy 

speculatores ostendunt sese simul 

spies show themselves at-the-same-time 

undique baud longe ab oppido Cirta, quarto 

from-every-side not ' far from the town Cirta, in the fourth 

die ; qua re bostis intelligitur adesse. Sed 

day; by which thing the enemy is understood to be-at-hand. But 

quia redeuntes diversi, alius ab 

because returning different, the one (from one, the other) from 

alia parte, atque omnes significabant idem ; 

another part, and all did signify (prove) the same 

consul incertus quonam modo instrueret 

(thing) ; the consul doubtful in what manner he should arrange 

aciem, nullo ordine commutato, paratus 

the line (of battle), no order being changed, prepared 

advorsum omnia opperitur " ibidem. Ita 

^against all (things) he waits in-the-samc-place. Thus 



288 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

spes frustrata (est) Jugurtham, qui distribuerat 

hope disapptnnted Jugurtha, . who had divided (his) 

copias in quatuor partes, ratus aliquos ex 

forces into four parts, having thought some out-of 

omnibus seque ventures hostibiis ab tergo. 

all equally about-to-come to (on) the enemies from the rear. 

Interim Sulla, quem hostes attigerant primum, 

Mean-time Sylla, whom the enemies had reached first, 

cohortatus suos, ipse que alii invadunt 

having exhorted his (men), himself and the others attack 

Mauros turmatim et equis confertis 

the Moors by-troops and with horses crowded 

quam-maxume ; cDsteri manentes in loco 

as-much-as-poasible; the rest remaining in (their) place (began) 

tegere corpora ab jaculis emissis 

to cover (protect) (their) bodies from the javelins sent 

eminiis, et obtruncare, si qui venerant 

from-a-distance, and to massacre, [such,] if any [as] had come 

in manus. Dum equites prseliantur eo 

into (their) hands. Whilst the cavalry fight in that 

modo, Bocchus cum peditibus, quos filius ejus, 

manner, Bocchus with the infantry, which the son of him, 

Yolux, adduxerat, neque adfuerant in priore 

Volux, had led-up, nor had they been-present in the former 

pugna, morati in itinere, invadunt postremam 

battle, having delayed on the march, attack the last [rear] 

aciem Romanorum. Marius agebat turn apud 

line of the Romans. Marius acted then at (with) 

primos, quod Jugurtha ibi cum plurimis. 

the first, [in front,] because Jugurtha [was] there with very-many. 

Dein Numida, adventu Bocchi cognito, 

Then the Numidian, [Jugurtha,] the arrival of Bocchus being known, 

convortit clam cum paucis ad pedites ; ibi 

turns secretly with a few (men) to the infantry; there 

exclamat Latine, nam didicerat loqui 

he cries-out Latinly, [in Latin,] for he had learned to speak (that 

apud Numantiam, "Nostros pugnare 

language) at Numantia, *' Our (men) to fight 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 289 

frustra ; Marium interfectum (esse) paullo ante 

in-vain ; Marius to have been slain a little before 

sua, manu:" simul ostendere 

by his- own hand:" at-the-same-time (he began) to show (his) 

gUdium oblitum sanguine, quern cruentaverat 

sword smeared with blood, which he had stained-with-blood 

in pugna, nostro pedite occiso impigre 

in the battle, our foot-soldiery being slain actively (bravely) 

satis. 

enough. [Which he had stained with the blood of one of our foot-soldiers, 

Quod ubi milites accepere 

quickly slain.] Which when the soldiers received (heard) 

terrentur magis atrocitate rei quam 

they are affrighted more by the dreadfulness of the thing than 

fide nuncii ; que barbari simul 

by the faith (belief) of the messenger; and the barbarians at-the-same-time 

tollere animos, et incedere 

(began) to raise (their) minds (spirits), and to advance 

acriiis in perculsos Romanos. Que jam 

more-vigorously against the astonished Romans. And now 

aberant paullum a fuga, cum Sulla, iis 

they were-distant little from flight, when Sylla, those 

profligatis advorsum quos ierat, rediens, incurrit 

being routed against whom he had gone, returning, rushes-on 

Mauris ab latere. Bocchus avertitur statim. 

to the Moors from the flank. Bocchus is turned immediately. 

At dum Jugurtha cupit sustentare sues et retinere 

But whilst Jugurtha desires to support bis-own and to retain 

victoriam jam prope adeptam, circumventus ab 

the victory now nearly obtained, being surrounded by 

equitibus dextra; sinistra, omnibus occisis, 

the cavalry on the right (and) left, all being killed, (he) 

solus vitabundus erumpit inter tela hostium. 

alone about-escaping bursts-forth between the darts of the enemies. 

Atque Marius interim, equitibus fugatis, accurrit 

And Marius mean-time, the cavalry being put-to-flight, runs-up 

auxilio suis, quos acceperat jam 

to aid to his (men), whom he had received (heard) [now] 

25 



290 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

pelli. Denique hostes jam fusi (sunt) 

to be repulsed. Finally the enemies now were routed 

undique. Turn liorribile spectaculum in 

on-every-side. Then (was) a horrible sight in 

patentibus campis ; sequi, fugere ; occidi, 

the open plains ; (they were seen) to follow, to flee ; to be killed, 

capi; equi atque viri afflicti; ac multi, 

to be taken; horses and men dashed-down; and many, 

vulneribus acceptis, posse neque fugere, 

■wounds being received, (were seen) to be-able neither to flee, 

neque pati quietem ; modo niti, ac 

nor to endure rest; one-time to lean (to stand-up), and 

statim concidere : postremo, omnia qua 

immediately to fall-down : lastly, all (places) where 

visus erat, constrata telis, armis, cadaveribus ; 

the view was, were strewed with darts, with arms, with dead-bodies ; 

et humus infecta sanguine inter ea. Postea 

and the ground stained with blood between them. Afterwards 

loci consul jam victor baud dubie, 

of place (after this event) the consul now conqueror not doubtfully, 

pervenit in oppidum Cirtam, quo profectus 

arrived into the town Cirta, whither having set-out 

initio intenderat. Ed legati 

in the beginning he had determined (to arrive). Thither ambassadors 

veniunt a Boccbo post quintum diem, quam 

come from Bocchus after the fifth day, than (since) 

barbari pugnaverant male iterum ; qui petivere 

the barbarians had fought badly again; who souc-^ht 

ab Mario verbis i^egis, "Mitteret 

from Marius in the words of the king, (that) "He would send 

duos quam-fidissumos ad eum : velle 

[two] (persons) as-faithful-as-possible to him : to will 

disserere cum iis de suo commodo et de 

to discuss with them about his-own advantage and about (that) 

Romani populi." lUe statim jubet L. Sullam et 

of the Roman people." He immediately orders Lucius Sylla and 

A. Manlium ire. Qui, quamquam ibant acciti : 

Aulus Manlius to go. Who, although they did go sent-for : 



SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 291 

tamen, placuit facere verba apud 

3 however, it pleased (them) to make words (a speech) at (to) 

regem, uti aut flecterent avorsum ingenium, 

the king, that either they might bend a disinclined disposition, 

aut accenderent vehementius cupidum 

or might inflame (it) more-earnestly (being) desirous 

pads. Itaque Sulla, facundiae cujus 

of peace. Therefore Sj'lla, to the eloquence of whom 

concessum (est) a, Manlio, non setati, locutus (est) 

it was yielded by Manlio, not to age, spoke 

pauca verba hujuscemodi: "RexBoccbe, magna 

a few words ofthis-kind: " King Bocchus, great 

Isetitia est nobis, cum dii monuere te talem 

gladness is to us, when the gods have advised thee such 

virum, uti aliquando malles pacem 

a man, that some-time (at length) thou shouldst prefer peace 

quam bellum; neu commaculares te optumum 

than war; nor shouldst stain thyself a very -good (man) 

miscendo cum Jugurtba, pessimo omnium: simul, 

by mingling with Jugurtha, the worst of all: at-the-same-time, 

demeres nobis acerbam necessitudinem 

thou shouldst take from us the bitter necessity 

persequi pariter te errantem, et ilium 

to pursue (punish) equally thee erring, and him 

sceleratissumum. Ad hoc, visum (est) melius 

most-guilty. To this (besides), it seemed better 

Romano populo, inopi jam a principio, queerer e 

to the Roman people, poor already from the beginning, to seek 

amicos quam servos ; que rati (sunt) tutius imperitare 

friends than slaves,* and they thought safer to rule 

volentibus quam coactis. Yero nulla amicitia 

(them) willing than compelled. But no friendship (is) 

opportunior tibi nostra: primiim, quod 

more convenient to thee (than) ours: firstly, because 

absumus procul ; in quo minimum offensse, 

we are-distant far; in which (case) the least of ofi"ence (is), 

par gratia, ac-si 

[there is the least cause of oflfence, but of] equal favour, as-if 



292 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

adessemus : dein, quod habemus parentes 

we might be-at-h and : then, because we have (people) obeying (us) 

abunde ; satis amicorum fuit neque nobis, 

abundantly; (but) enough of friends has been neither tons, 

neque cuiquam omnium. Atque, utinam hoc 

nor to any-one of all. And, 0-that this 

placuisset tibi si principio ! profecto, 

might have pleas'ed to thee from the beginning ! certainly, 

accepisses multo plura bona ad hoc 

thou mightest have received by much, more good (things) to this 

tempus, quam perpessus-es mala. Sed quoniam 

time, than thou hast suffered evil. But since 

fortuna regit pleraque humanarum rerum, cui 

fortune rules most of human things, to which 

scilicet placuisse experiri et nostram 

forsooth she has pleased to try [that you try] both oui 

vim et gratiam ; nunc quando licet per illam, 

force and favour; now when it is-lawful through her, 

festina atque perge uti coepisti. Habes multa 

hasten and proceed as thou hast begun. Thou hast many 

atque opportuna quo superes 

and convenient (means) in-order-that thou may'st exceed 

facilius errata officis. 

more-easily (the things) erred-in by kindnesses. [By kind services.] 

Postremo, demitte hoc in tuum pectus, Romanum 

Lastly, send-down this into thy breast, the Roman 

populum nunquam victum-esse beneficiis. Nam 

people never to have been overcome by favours. For 

tute scis quid valeat bello." Bocchus 

thyself knowest what it may prevail in war." Bocchus (answered) 

placide et benigne ad ea ; simul facit 

calmly and kindly to those (words); at-the-same-time he makes 

pauca verba pro suo delicto : 

a few words for his transgression : [and spoke briefly in ex- 

^' Se cepisse arma non 

tenuation of his transgression :] "Himself to have taken arms not 

hostili animo, sed ob tutandum 

with a hostile mind, but on-account-of protecting (his) 



SALLUSTII JUaURTHA. 293 

regnum : nam nequivisse pati earn partem 

kingdom: for to have been-unable to en dare that part 

Numidige, unde expulerit (jo^r/. .<?m5.) Jugurtham 

of Numidia, whence he may have expelled (he expelled) Jugurtha 

vi, factam suam jure belli, vastari a 

by force, being made his-own by the right of war, to be ravaged by 

Mario : prasterea, legatis missis Romam ante^, 

Marius : besides, ambassadors having been sent to Rome before, 

repulsum (esse) ab amicitia: 

to have been rejected [that he was rejected] from friendship ; 

cseteriim omittere Vetera, ac missurum 

but to omit old (matters), and (to be) about-to-send 

legates tum ad senatum, si 

[that he was about to send] ambassadors then to the senate, if 

liceret per Marium." Dein, copia; 

it might-be-lawful through Marius." Afterwards, opportunity 

.facta, animus barbari flexus (est) ab amicis, 

being made, the mind of the barbarian was bent by friends, 

quos Jugurtha, legatione Sullae et Manlii cognit^, 

whom Jugurtha, the embassy of Sylla and of Manlius being known, 

metuens id quod parabatur, corruperat 

fearing that which was prepared, had corrupted (bribed) 

donis. Interea, Marius, exercitu composito in 

by gifts. Mean-time, Marius, the army being arranged in 

bibernaculis, proficiscitur cum expeditis cohortibus, 

winter-stations, sets-out with the light-armed cohorts, 

et parte equitatus, in sola loca, obsessum 

and with part of the cavalry, into lonely places, to besiege 

regiam turrim, quo Jugurtha imposuerat omnes 

a royal tower, where Jugurtha had placed all 

perfugas prsesidium. Tum Bocchus rursus, seu 

deserters (as) a garrison. Then Bocchus again, either 

reputando quae venerant sibi duobus 

by reflecting what (things) had come (happened) to himself in two 

praeliis, seu admonitus ab aliis amicis, quos Jugurtha 

battles, or advised by other friends, whom Jugurtha 

reliquerat incorruptos, delegit quinque ex omni 

had left unbribed, chose five put-of all 

25* 



294 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

copi^ necessariorum ; fides quorum 

the plenty (number) of connexions ; [friends ,•] the faith of whom 

et cognita (est), et ingenia erant validissuma. 

both was known, and the abilities were most-able. 

Jubet eos ire legates ad Marium; ac dein, 

He orders those to go (as) ambassadors to Marius; and then, 

si placeat, Romam : permittit ipsis licentiam 

if it may please (him), to Rome : he allows to them the liberty 

rerum agendarum, et belli componendi quocunque 

of things to-be-acted, and of the war to-be-arranged in whatsoever 

modo. 

manner. [He gave them full power to negotiate and bring the war to a 

Illi proficiscuntur matur^ ad 

close in any manner.] They set-out early (soon) to 

biberna Romanorum. Deinde, circumventi 

the winter-quarters of the Romans. Afterwards, being surrounded 

que spoliati a Gaetulis latronibus in itinere, 

and plundered by Gaatulian robbers on the journey, 

profugiunt pavidi sine decore ad Sullam, 

they escape fearful without ornament [of office] to Sylla, 

quern consul proficiscens in expeditione reliquerat 

whom the consul setting-out on the expedition had left 

pro prsetore. Ille babuit eos non pro vanis 

for pretor. He had (treated) them not for vain 

hostibus, uti meriti-erant, sed accurate et 

(fickle) enemies, as they had deserved, but carefully and 

liberaliter. Qua; re barbari et rati (sunt) 

liberally. By which thing the barbarians both thought 

famam avaritise Romanorum falsam, et Sullam 

the report of the avarice of the Romans false, and Sylla 

amicum in sese ob munificentiam. 

friendly unto themselves on-account-of (his) liberality. 

Nam etiam turn largitio erat ignota multis ; nemo 

For even then bribery was unknown to many; no-one 

putabatur munificus, nisi pariter volens : omnia 

was thought liberal, unless equally willing: all 

dona habebantur in benignitate. 

gifts were held in kindness. [As the result of kindness.] 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 295 

Igitur patefaciunt mandata Bocchi Quaestori ; 

Therefore thej lay-open the commands of Bocchus to the Quaestor; 

simul petunt ab eo, uti adsit 

at-the-same-time they request from him, that he may-be-present (as) 

fautor que consultor sibi : extollunt 

a favourer and an adviser to themselves : they praise in (their) 

oratione copias, fidem, magnitudinem sui regis, 

speech the forces, faith, greatness of their king, 

et alia, quae credebant aut esse utilia aut 

and other (things), which they did believe either to be useful or 

benevolentiae ; 

(the part) of benevolence ; [or tending to conciliate his good will;] 

dein Sulla pollicito omnia, docti quo 

then Sylla having promised all (things), being taught in what 

modo facerent verba apud Marium, item 

manner they should make words at (before) Marius, also 

apud senatum, 

at the senate, [they should address Marius, and also the senate,] 

opperiuntur ibidem circiter quadraginta dies. Postquam 

they wait there about forty days. AfLer-that 

Marius, negotio infecto quo 

Marius, the business being undone [unsuccessful] whither (to which) 

intenderat, redit Cirtam, factus certior 

he had aimed, returns to Cirta, being made more-sure [being in- 

de adventu legatorum, jubet que illos 

formed] of the arrival of the ambassadors, he orders both them 

et Sullam, que item L. Bellienum praetorem, venire 

and Sylla, and also Lucius Bellienus the praetor, to come 

Utica, praeterea omnes senatorii ordinis undique ; 

from Utica, besides all of senatorial rank from-every-side; 

quibuscum cognoscit mandata Bocchi, in 

with whom he knows (considers) the commands of Bocchus, in 

quibus potestas eundi Romam fit 

vvhich [assembly the] power of going to Rome is made [granted] 

legatis ; et induciae postulabantur interea 

to the ambassadors ; and truces were requested mean-time 

ab consule. Ea placuere Sullae et 

from [the] consul. Those (things) pleased to Sylla and 



296 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

plerisque : paiici decernunt ferociiis ; scilicet, ignari 

to the most: a few determine more fiercely ; forsooth, ignorant 

humanarum rerum, quae, semper fluxse et mobiles, 

of human things, which, always evanescent and fickle, 

mutantur in-adversum. Cseterum tres Mauri, 

are changed contrarily. But three Moors, 

omnibus impetratis, profecti (sunt) Bomam cum 

all (things) being obtained, set-out to Rome with 

Cn. Octavio Rufo, qui quaestor apportaverat 

Cnaius Octavius Rufus, who (as) quEestor had brought 

stipendium in Africam ; duo redeunt ad regem. 

the pay [to Africa] ,• two return to the king. 

Boccbus lubens accepit ex bis ciim 

Bocchus being-pleased received (heard) from these as-well 

csetera, tum maxume benignitatem et studium 

the-rest, then (as) chiefly the kindness and . zeal 

Sullse. 

of Sylla. [Bocchus, among the rest, heard with pleasure chiefly of the 

Que Bomse 

kindness and zeal of Sylla, in forwarding their mission.] And [at Rome] 

respondetur boc modo legatis ejus, 

it is answered in this manner to the ambassadors of him, 

petentibus amicitiam et foedus, postquam 

seeking friendship and a treaty, after-that 

deprecati-sunt ^' regem errasse, et 

they deprecated (lamented) *' the king to have erred, and 

lapsum (esse) scelere Jugurtbse :" " Senatus 

to have slipped by the wickedness of Jugurtha:" "The senate 

et Bomanus populus solet esse memor 

and Roman people is accustomed to be mindful 

beneficii ' et injuriae ; cseteriim facit gratiara 

of kindness and of injury; but it makes favour (forgiveness) 

delicti Boccho, quoniam poenitet : 

of (his) transgression to Bocchus, since it repents (him) : 

foedus et amicitia dabuntur, cum meruerit." 

a treaty and friendship shall be given, when he shall have deserved 

Quibus rebus cognitis, Boccbus petivit 

(them)." Which things being known, Bocchus requested 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 297 

per litteras a Mario, uti mitteret Sullam 

by letters (a letter) from Marius, that he would send Sylla 

ad se ; arbitratu cujus consuleretur 

to himself; by the arbitration of whom it might be consulted 

de communibus negotiis. Is missus (est) cum 

about (their) common affairs. He was sent with 

prsesidio equitum atque peditum, Baleariorum 

a guard of horse and of foot, of Balearian 

funditorum; prasterea sagittarii et Peligna cobors 

slingersj besides archers and a Pelignian cohort 

cum velitaribus-armis iere causa* itineris 

with light-arms went by cause (for the sake) of the journey 

properandi ; neque muniti (sunt) secus 

to-be-hastened,- nor were they protected otherwise (less) 

bis, atque aliis armis advorsum tela 

•with these, and (than) with other arms against the darts 

b'ostium, quod ea sunt levia. Sed denique 

of the enemies, because those are light. But finally 

quinto die, Volux, filius Boccbi, ostendit sese 

on the fifth day, Volux, the son of Bocchus, shows himself 

in itinere repent^ in patentibus campis cum non 

on the journey suddenly in the open plains with not 

amplius mille equitibus ; qui euntes temere 

more (than) a thousand horsemen; who going rashly 

et effuse, efficiebant Sullse que omnibus 

(in disorder) and dispersedly, did cause to Sylla and to all 

aliis et numerum ampliorem vero, et bostilem 

the others both a number larger (than) truth, and hostile 

metum. 

fear. [Which caused their numbers to appear greater than they really 
■were to Sylla and the rest, and to excite fear of an approaching enemy.] 

Igitur quisque expedire se; tentare arma 

Therefore every-une (began) to prepare himself; to try (his) arms 

atque tela, intendere ; 

and darts, [to-bend] [his mind to the approaching engagement;] 

aliquantus timer, sed amplior spes, quippe 

(there was) some fear, but greater hope, inasmuch-as 



298 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

victorlbus, et advorsum eos quos vicerant 

to conquerors, and against those "whom they had conquered 

ssepe. Interim equites praemissi exploratum, 

often. Meantime the cavalry sent-before to reconnoitre, 

nunciant rem quietam, uti erat. Volux adveniens 

announce the affair quiet, as it was. Volux coming-up 

appellat qusestorem, se missum (esse) obviam 

addresses the qusestor, (and says) himself to have been sent toward 

illis a patre Boccho, et simul prsesidio. 

to them by (his) father Bocchus, and at-the-same-time for protection. 

Deinde eunt conjuncti sine metu eum et proxumum 

Then they go united without fear that and the next 

diem. Post ubi castra locata (sunt), et 

day. Afterwards when the camps were placed (pitched), an(J 

erat vesper diei, Maurus incerto 

it was the evening of the day, the Moor [Volux] with uncertain 

vultu pavens accurrit repente ad Sullam, que 

countenance trembling runs-up suddenly to Sylla, and 

dicit, " Cognitum (esse) sibi ex speculatoribus 

says, "To have been known to himself from scouts 

Jugurtbam abesse baud procul, simul rogat 

Jugurtha to be-distant not ' far, at-the-same-time he entreats 

atque hortatur profugeret clam secum 

and exhorts (that) he would escape privately with him 

noctu." Ille feroci animo negat, "se pertimescere 

by night." He with fierce mind denies, "himself to fear-much 

Numidam toties fusum ; credere satis virtuti 

the Numidian so-often routed ; to trust sufficiently to the valour 

suorum ; etiam si certa pestis adesset, 

of his (men) ; even if certain destruction might be-at-hand, 

mansurum potiiis quam quos ducebat, 

(to be) about-to-remain rather than (those) whom he did lead, 

proditis, parceret turpi fuga incertse vitse, 

being betrayed, he should spare by base flight to an uncertain life, 

ac forsitan interiturse paullo post morbo." 

and perhaps about-to-perish a little after by disease." 

Caeteriim monitus ab eodem, uti proficiscerentur 

But being admonished by the same, that they should set-out 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 299 

noctu, approbat consilium ; ac statlm jubet 

by night, he approves the plan ; and immediately orders 

milites coenatos esse in castris ; que creberrimos 

the soldiers having supped to be in the camps ; and very-frequent 

ignes fieri, dein prima vigilia egredi silentio. 

fires to be made, then in the first watch to go out in silence. 

Que jam omnibus fessis nocturne itinere, 

And now all being fatigued with the nightly march, 

Sulla pariter cum ortu solis metabatur 

Sylla equally (together) with the rising of the sun did measure 

castra; cum Mauri equites nunciant Jugurtbam 

camps; when the Moorish cavalry announce Jugurtha 

consedisse ante eos, intervallo circiter 

to have sat-down (encamped) before them, in a distance about 

duum millium. Postquam quod auditum-est, 

of two miles. After-that which (thing) was heard, 

turn vero ingens metus invadlt nostros ; 

then truly great fear seizes our (men) ; (they began) 

credere se proditos a Yoluce, et circumventos 

to believe themselves betrayed by Volux, and surrounded 

insidiis. Ac fuere qui 

with snares. And there were (those) who would (did) 

dicerent {imp. sub.) vindicandum manu, 

say (the thing) to be avenged by hand, [that he (Yolux) 

neque tantum scelus 

ought to be immediately punished] nor so-great guilt 

relinquendum inultum apud ilium. At Sulla, 

to-be-left unrevenged at (with) him. But Sylla, 

quamquam existumabat eadem, tamen probibet 

although he did think the same (things), however prohibits 

Maurum ab injuria; bortatur sues, 

(protects) the Moor from injury; encourages his (men), 

" uti ' gererent fortem animum ; pugnatum (esse) 

"that they should carry a brave mind; to have been fought 

ssepe ante bene paucis strenuis advorsus 

often before well with a few, brave (men) against 

multitudinem ; quanto minus pepercissent 

a multitude ; by-how-much less they mi^ht have spared 



300 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. * 

sibi in prgelio, fore tanto tutiores ; 

to themselves in battle, to-be-about-to-be by-so-much more safej 

nec decere quemquam, qui armaverit manus, 

nor to become any-one, who may have armed (his) hands, 

petere auxilium ab inermis pedibus, in maxumo 

to seek aid from (his) unarmed feet, in the greatest 

metu, vertere nudum et caecum corpus ad 

fear, (and) to turn (his) naked and blind body to 

hostes." Deinde obtestatus maxumum Jovem, ut 

the enemies." Then having attested the greatest Jupiter, that 

adesset testis sceleris atque perfidias 

he would be-present a witness of the guilt and of the treachery 

Boccbi, jubet Yolucem abire castris, quoniam 

of Bocchus, he orders Volux to depart from the camps, since 

faceret hostilia. Ille lacrumans 

he might (did) do hostile (acts). He weeping (began) 

orare " ne-crederet ea ; nihil 

to entreat (that) "he would not-believe those (things); nothing 

factum (esse) dolo, ac magis calliditate Jugurthse; 

to have been done by deceit, and more by the craft of Jugurthaj 

cui speculanti videlicet suum iter 

to whom watching forsooth his journey might have (had) 

cognitum-esset. Cseterum quoniam 

been known. But since he [Jugurtha] might (did) 

haberet {imp. suh.) neque ingentem multitudinem, 

have neither a great multitude, 

et spes que opes ejus 

and the hopes and resources of him [Jugurtha] might (did) 

penderent [imp. suh.) ex suo patre, credere 

depend from his [Volux's] father, to believe 

ilium ausurum nihil palam, cum ipse filius 

him about-to-dare nothing openly, when himself (his) son 

adesset (imp. sub.) testis ; quare 

might be (was) present (as) a witness; wherefore 

videri optumum factu transire palam per media 

to seem best to be done to pass openly through the middle 

castra ejus ; sese solum iturum cum 

camps of him [Jugurtha] ; himself [Volux] alone about-to-go with 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 801 

Sulla, Mauris vel prsemissis, vel relictis 

Sylla, the Moors either being sent-before, or being left 

ibidem." Ea res probata (est), uti in tali negotio ; 

there." That thing was approved-of, as in such a business j 

ac profecti statim, transeunt incolumes, 

and having set-out inamediately, they pass-over safe, 

Jugurtha dubio atque haesitante, quia 

Jugurtha (being) doubtful and hesitating, because 

accesserant de-improviso. Deinde 

they had approached unexpectedly. Afterwards 

perventum-est paucis diebus, quo intenderant 

it was arrived in a few days, whither they had determined 

ire. Ibi quidam Numida, nomine Aspar, agebat 

to go. There a certain Numidian, by name Aspar, did act 

multum et familiariter cum Boccho, prsemissus 

much and familiarly with Bocchus, being sent-before (as) 

orator ab Jugurtha, postquam audierat 

a pleader [agent] by Jugurtha., after-that he had heard 

Sullam accitum, et speculatum subdole consilia 

Sylla sent-for, and to watch craftily the designs 

Bocchi ; prseterea Dabar, filius Mussugradse, ex 

of Bocchus ; besides Dabar, son of Mussugrada, out-of 

gente Masinissse, cseteriim impar materno 

the nation (family) of Masinissa, but unequal by the maternal 

genere, nam pater ejus ortus-erat ex concubina; 

race, for the father of him had sprung from a concubine; 

carus que acceptus Mauro ob multa 

dear and accepted (esteemed) to the Moor on-account-of many 

bona ingenii, quem Bocchus expertus 

good (qualities) of understanding, whom Bocchus having experienced 

esse fidum Romanis multis tempestatibus ante, 

to be faithful to the Romans in many occasions before, 

mittit illico nunciatum ad Sullam, " Sese 

sends immediately to announce to Sylla, "Himself (to be) 

paratum facere quse Romanus populus vellet ; 

prepared to do what (things) the Ptoman people might will; 

ipse deligeret diem, locum, tempus colloquio ; 

himself might choose the day, place, time for a conference ; 

26 



302 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

sese habere omnia consulta Integra cum illo ; 

himself to have all deliberations entire with him; 

neu pertimesceret 

nor he might fear [that he had kept every thing to be deliberated 

legatum Jugurthse :" 

Tvith him, so that he might not fear] the ambassador of Jugurtha:" 

quo communis res gereretur licentius ; 

and in-order-that the common affair might be carried-on more freely; 

nam nequivisse caveri aliter ab insidiis 

for to have been-unable to bo guarded otherwise from the snares 

ejus. Sed ego comperior Boccbum attinuisse 

of him. But I find Bocchus to have detained 

Romanos et Numidam simul spe 

the Romans and the Numidian at-the-same-time with the hope 

pacis, magis Punicai fide, quam ob ea, 

of peace, rather with Punic faith, than on-account-of those 

quae prgedicabat ; que solitum (esse) 

(things), which he did declare ; and to have been accustomed 

volvere multiim cum suo animo, traderet 

to revolve much with his mind, (whether) he should deliver 

Jugurtham Romanis, an Sullam illi; libidinem 

Jugurtha to the Romans, or Sylla to him; desire 

suasisse advorsum nos, metum pro nobis. 

to have persuaded (him) against us, fear for us. 

Igitur Sulla respondit, se locuturum pauca 

Therefore Sylla answered, himself about-to-speak a few (words) 

coram Aspare, caetera occulte, aut nullo, aut 

before Aspar, the rest secretly, either no-one, or 

quam-paucissumis presentibus ; simul edocet 

as-few-as-possible being present; at-the-same-time he informs 

quae responderentur. Postquam 

(him) what (things) should be answered. After-that 

congressi (sunt), sicuti voluerant, dicit se missum 

they met, so-as they had willed, ho says himself being sent 

a consule venisse, quaesitum ab eo, 

by the consul to have come, to inquire from him, (whether) 

foret agitaturus pacem an bellum. Turn 

he might be about-to- transact peace or war. Then 



SALLUSTII JUGUETHA. 303 

rex, uti fuerat prseceptum, jubet redire, post 

the king, as had been instructed, orders (him) to return, after 

decimiim diem, ac decrevisse nihil etiam nunc, 

the tenth day, and to have determined nothing even now, 

sed responsurum illo die. Deinde ambo 

but about-to-answer in that day. Then both 

digressi (sunt) in sua castra. Sed ubi plerumque 

departed into their camps. But when most 

noctis processit, Sulla arcessitur occulte a 

of the night advanced, Sylla is sent-for secretly by 

Boccho ; fidi interpretes tantummodo adliibentur 

Bocchus ; faithful interpreters only are applied 

ab utroque. Prgeterea, Dabar internuncius, 

(retained) by each. Besides, Dabar the inter-messenger, 

sanctus vir, jurat ambobus ex 

a holy (upright) man, swears to both according-to (their) 

sententia-; ac rex statim incipit sic. Ego 

opinion ; and the king immediately begins thus. I 

n^nquam ratus-sum fore, uti maxumus 

never thought (the thing) to be about-to-be, that the greatest 

rex in hac terra, et opulentissimus omnium, quos 

king in this land, and the most-wealthy of all, whom 

novi, deberem gratiam privato homini. Et 

I have known, should owe a favour to a private man. And 

Hercule, Sulla, ante te cognitum, egomet tuli 

by Hercules, Sylla., before thee being known, I-myself have brought 

opem ultro multis aliis orantibus ; indigui 

a;-sistance voluntarily to many others begging (it) ; I have wanted 

nullius. Ego Isetor id, quod caeteri 

of none. I rejoice that, which the rest (of the world) 

Solent dolere, imminutum (esse). Fuerit 

are accustomed to grieve, to have been diminished. It will have been 

pretium mibi eguisse aliquando tuae amicitiae; 

a price (a reward) to me to have wanted [at length] of thy friendship ; 

qua habeo nihil carius apud meum animum. 

(than) which I have nothing dearer at (in) my mind. 

Adeo licet experiri id.; sume, utere arma, viros, 

Thus it is-lawful to try that; take, use arms, men. 



304 SALLUSTII JUGUPvTHA. 

pecuniam, postremo quicquid lubet animo ; et 

money, lastly whatever it pleases to (thy) mind; and 

putaveris gratlam nunquam redditam 

thou shalt have thought (think) the favour never returned 

tibi, quoad vives ; erit semper integra 

to thee, as-long-as thou shalt live; it shall be always entire 

apud me ; denique, voles nihil 

with me; finally, thou shalt will [thou shalt want] nothing 

frustra, me sciente. Nam, nt ego existumo, 

in-vain, I knowing (it). For, as I think, (it is) 

minus flagitiosum regem \dnci armis, quam 

less disgraceful a king to be conquered by arms, than 

munificentia. Cseteriim accipe paucis 

by liberality. But receive (hear) in a few (words) 

de vestra republica;, cujus missus-es 

concerning your state, of which thou hast been sent 

hue curator. Ego neque feci helium Eomano 

hither (as) manager. I neither have made war to the Roman 

populo, neque volui unquam factum ; tutus-sum 

people, nor have I willed (it) ever made; I have defended 

meos fines advorsum armatos armis. Omitto 

my borders against armed (men) by arms. I lay-aside 

id ; quando placet vobis ita, gerite helium cum 

that; since it pleases to you thus, carry-on the war with 

Jugurtha, uti vultis. Ego non-egrediar flumen 

Jugurtha, as you will. I shall not-go-without the river 

Mulucham, quod fuit inter me et Micipsam, 

Mulucha, which has been between me and Micipsa, 

neque sinam Jugurtham intrare id. Prseterea, si 

nor will I suffer Jugurtha to enter that. Besides, if 

petiveris quid dignum que me que 

thou shalt have sought any (thing) worthy both me and 

vobis, [ahl.) abibis baud repulsus. Sulla disseruit 

you, thou shalt depart not rejected. Sylla discoursed 

hreviter et modice ad ea pro se ; multis 

briefly and moderately to those (words) for himself; in many (words) 

de pace et communibus rebus. Denique, patefecit 

about peace and - the common affairs. Finally, he disclosed 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 305 

regi, *' Senatum et Romanum populum non 

to the king, "The senate and Roman people not 

habituros in gratia, quod polliceatur {pres. siih.), 

about-to-have in favour, what he may promise (does promise), 

quoniam valuissent amplius armis ; aliquid 

sinree they might have prevailed more by arms ; some 

faciundum, quod videretur retulisse illorum, 

(thing) to-be-done, which might seem to have concerned of them, 

magis quam sua, adeo id esse in promptu, 

more than his-own (interest), thus that to be in readiness 

quoniam haberet copiam 

(easily done), since he might (did) have power 

Jugurthse, quern si tradidisset Romanis, 

of Jugurtha, whom if he might have (had) delivered to the Romans, 

fore, ut plurimum deberetur illi; 

to be about-to-be, that very-much should be-due to him ; 

amicitiam, foedus, partem Numidise, quam 

friendship, a treaty, the part of Numidia, which he might (did) 

peteret (imp. sub,) nunc, adventuram tunc 

solicit now, about-to-come-to (him) then 

ultro." Rex primo negitare affinitatem, 

voluntarily." The king firstly (began) to deny-often [that] affinity 

cognationem, prseterea foedus intervenisse ; 

kindred, besides a treaty to have intervened [existed be- 

ad hoc metuere, ne usus 

tween them] ; to this (besides) to fear, lest having used 

fluxa fide averteret animos 

an unsteady faith [bad faith] he might turn-away the minds of (his) 

popularium, quis et Jugurtha carus et 

countrymen, to whom both Jugurtha (was) dear and 

Romani essent invisi. Denique, fatigatus 

the Romans might be (were) hateful. Finally, being importuned 

ssepius, lenitur ; et promittit se facturum 

more-frequently, he is softened ; and promises himself about-to-do 

omnia ex voluntate Sullae. Cseteriim 

all (things) according-to the will of Sylla. But 

constituunt quae visa (sunt) utilia ad pacem 

they settle what (things) seemed useful to peace 

26* 



306 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 

simulandam, cujus Numida, defessus bello, 

to-be-feigned, of which, the Numidian, wearied by the war, (was) 

avidissimus. Ita dolo composite, digrediuntur. 

most-eager. Thus the plot being arranged, they separate. 

At rex postero die appellat Asparem, 

But the king on the following day calls Aspar, 

legatum Jugurth^, que dicit cognitum (esse) 

the ambassador of Jugurtha, and says (it) to have been known 

ex Sulla, per Dabarem, bellum posse componi 

from Sylla, through Dabar, the war to be-able to be arranged 

conditionibus : quamobrem exquireret sententiam 

by conditions : wherefore he should seek the opinion 

sui regis. Ille, Isetus, venit in castra Jugurthae. 

of his king. He, glad, came into the camps of Jugurtha. 

Deinde edoctus cuncta ab illo, itinere 

Then being instructed all (things) by him, the journey 

properato, redit ad Boccbum post octavum 

being hastened, he returns to Bocchus after the eighth 

diem, et nunciat ei, Jugurtbam cupere facere 

day, and announces to him, Jugurtha to desire to do 

omnia, quse imperarentur ; sed fidere 

all (things), which might be commanded; but to trust [but that 

parum Mario : pacem conventam cum 

he trusted] little to Marius : the peace agreed-on with 

Romanis imperatoribus fuisse frustra ssepe ante. 

the Roman commanders to have been in-vain often before. 

Cseterum si Boccbus vellet, consultum ambobus. 

But if Bocchus might will, to consult for both, 

et ratam pacem, daret operam, ut 

and a stable peace, he should give (his) assistance, that 

veniretur una in colloquium ab omnibus, 

it might be come together into a conference by all, 

quasi de pace ; que 

[that all should meet in conference,] as-if about the peace; and 

ibi traderet Sullam sibi: cum 

there he should deliver Sylla to himself: when he might (did) 

baberet talem virum in potestate, tum fore, 

have fuch a man in (his) power, then to be about-to-be 



SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 307 

uti foedus fieret jussu senatus que 

that a treaty might be made by command of the senate and 

Romani populi; neque nobilem hominem 

of the Roman people ; neither a noble man 

relictum-iri in potestate hostium, non su^ 

to be about-to-be-left in the power of enemies, [not by his 

ignavir^, sed ob rempublicam. Maurus 

indolence, [or fault], but] on-account-of the commonwealth. The Moor 

ipse, volvens b^c diu &ecum, tandem 

himself, revolving these (things) long with himself, at-length 

promisit. Cseterum comperimus parum 

promised. But we have discovered little (whether) 

cunctatus (est) dolo, an vere. Sed ut regise 

he delayed by deceit, or truly. But as royal 

voluntates plerumqiie vebementes, sic 

wills (are) generally vehement, so (they are) 

mobiles ; ipsse ssepe advors?e sibi. Postea 

fickle ; themselves often opposite to themselves. Afterwards 

tempore et loco constitute, uti veniretur in 

a time and place being appointed, that it might be come into 

colloquium de pace, Boccbus appellare Sullam 

a conference about peace, Bocchus (began) to address Sylla 

mo do, legatum Jugurtbee modo ; babere 

now, the ambassador of Jugurtha now; to have (treat them) 

benigne; polliceri idem ambobus. Illi 

kindly; to promise the same (thing) to both. They (began) 

esse pariter Iseti, ac pleni bonse spei. Sed ea 

to be equally glad, and full of good hope. But in that 

nocte, quae fuit proxuma ante diem decretum 

night, which was the next before the day decreed 

colloquio, Maurus, amicis adhibitis, 

for the conference, the Moor, (his) friends being applied (called-in), 

ac ^^ voluntate immutata;, casteris remotis, 

and ^Bs) will being changed, the rest being removed, 

ipse dicitur agitavisse multa secum, varius 

himself is said to have pondered much with himself, changeable 

pariter vultu corporis atque animo : quae 

equally in the look of (his) body and in mind ; which 



308 SALLUSTII JUGUBTHA. 

scilicet, ipso tacente, patefecisse 

forsooth, himself heing-silent, (tended) to hare disclosed 

occulta pectoris. Tamen, postremo, jubet 

the hidden (things) of the beast. However, lastly, he prders 

Sullam arcessiri ; et tendit insidias Numidse 

Sylla to be sent-for; and stretches (lays) snares for the Numidian 

ex sententia ejus. Deinde ubi dies advenit, 

according-to the opinion of him. Then when the day came, 

et nunciatum-est ei Jugurtham abesse baud 

and it was announced to him Jugurtha to be-distant not 

procul, procedit obvius, quasi causa 

far, he proceeds opposite (towards), as-if by cause (for the sake) 

honoris, cum paucis amicis et nostro qusestore, 

of honour, with a few friends and our quaestor, [Sylla,] 

in tumulum facillumum visu insidiantibus. 

unto a hillock very-easy to be seen to (those) lying-in-wait. 

Numida accedit eodem cum plerisque suis 

The Numidian approaches to the same (place) with most-of his 

necessariis inermis, ut dictum-erat ; ac 

friends unarmed, as had been said (appointed); and 

statim signo dato, invaditur undique 

[immediately] a signal being given, he is attacked from-every-side 

simul ex insidiis. C^eteri obtruncati (sunt) : 

together from the ambuscades. The rest were slaughtered : 

Jugurtha traditur vinctus Sullse, et deductus 

Jugurtha is delivered-up bound to Sylla, and was conducted 

ab eo ad Marium. Per idem tempus, 

by him to Marius. Through (during) the same time, 

pugnatum (est) male advorsum Gallos ab nostris 

it was fought badly against the Gauls by our 

ducibus Q. Csspione, et M. Manlio. Quo metu 

generals Quintus Caepio, and Marcus Manlius, From which fear 

omnis Italia contremuerat. Que illi ^ et 

all Italy had trembled. And those (Romal^and 

Romani inde, usque ad nostram memoriam habu^re 

the Romans thence, until to our memory held 

sic ; omnia alia esse prona 

(the matter) thus ; all other (things) to be inclined (yielding) 



SALLUSTII JUGURTIIA. 309 

sii^ virtuti ; certare cum Gallls pro salute, non pro 

to their valour; to contend with the Gauls fo.r safety, not for 

gloria. Sed postquam nunciatum (est) bellum 

glory. But after-that it was announced the war 

confectum (esse) in Numidia, et Jugurtham adduci 

to have been finished in Numidia, and Jugurtha to be led 

vinctum Romam, Marius, absens, factus-est 

bound to Rome, Marius, (though) absent, was made 

consul, et provincia, Gallia decreta (est) ei ; que 

consul, and the province, Gaul was decreed to him ; and 

is triumphavit consul magna gloria) Januariis 

he triumphed (as) consul with great glory in the Januarian 

calendis. Ex ea; tempestate, spes atque opes 

calends. From that time, the hopes and resources 

civitatis sitae in illo. 

of the state (were) placed in him. 



THE END, 



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Bf \V. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., of Trinity College, Dublin, 

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HISTORICAL SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS 

OP 

CHARLES DESILYER. 

LORD'S HISTORY. 

FROM THE TIME OF LUTHER TO THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. 
rOR THE USE OP SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 

BY JOHN LORD, A.M., 

LECTtTRER ON HISTOET. 



Of the fttness of Mr. Lord to prepare such a history, some opinion may 
5e formed from a perusal of the English and American testimonials ol his 
Historical Lectures, a few of which are appended. 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

ENGLISH TESTIMONIALS. 
From the Citizens of Edbiburgh. 
To THE Rev, John Lord, A. M., of the United States. 

Rev. Sir, — Having learned that you are at present visiting this city, and 
having heard of the liectures which you have recently delivered in Lon- 
don and other places in the South, on " Monastic Institutions," " the Re- 
formation and its consequences," and other kindred topics, and being 
aware of the very high approval with which these Lectures have been 
received by the most competent judges, we earnestly request yi'u to 
afford to the inhabitants of this city the advantage which has been reaped 
by our friends n the South, by delivering, in some suitable place, these 
Lectures, or such portion of them as you may judge advisable, 

THOMAS CHALMERS, D.D,, LL.D. 

JOHN BROWN, D.D, 

WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, D.D. 

THOMAS J. CRAWFORD, D.D. 

W.LINDSAY ALEXANDER, D.D. * 

JAMES GRANT, D.D. 

ROB, S, CANDLISH, D.D. 
And twenty-three other Professors and Ministers. 



Resolutions offered in Boston. 

Rev. S, K. Lothrop, after a few introductory remarks, offered the fol- 
owing resolutions : 

Resolved \st. That we have listened with great interest and satisfaction 
to the course of very able and instructive Historical Lectures delivered by 
Mr. Lord, and completed this evening. 

Resolved 2d, That the subjects selected for these Lectures were, in our 
judgment, admirably adapted to illustrate the important principles involved 
in some of the great social struggles of the Middle Ages — a portion of 
history too much neglected — and were discussed by the lecturer in a clear 
yet condensed and comprehensive style, with great vigor and discrimina- 
tion of thought, and with broad, impartial, and just reflections. 
• Resolved 3d, That Mr. Lord's enthusiastic devotion to historical studies, 
and his large acquisitions in this department of learning, eminently qualify 
him to be an able and instructive Teacher of History, and entitle him to 
the respect cf scholars and the encouragement of the community. 

DANIEL SHARP, Chairman. 
Thos. B. Hall, Secretary. 

(4) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

From W. B. Hodgson, LL.D., Pr{?icipal of the 31echanks' Institute, 
Liver-pool. 

The Rev. John Lord has just delivered at this institution a course of 
Lectures on the Middle Ages. These Lectures have throughout attracted 
large audiences, who have listened with respectful attention and marked 
delight to Mr. Lord's eloquent and just delineations of the institutions and 
customs of European society, during a period intensely interesting to the 
philosophical student of History. 

W. B. HODGSON, 
Frincipal of the Mechanics' Institute, Liverpool. 



From the Citizens of New Haven. 

At the close of the Lectures by the Rev. Mr. Lord, the following reso- 
lutions were proposed and unanimously adopted: 

Resolved, That we have listened with great interest to the elegant and 
instructive course of Lectures on the Middle Ages, and that their uncom- 
mon value induces us to desire that a greater portion of our community 
may have an opportunity of hearing them. 

Resolved, That Hon. A. N. Skinner, Rev. Dr. Bacon, and Professor D. 
Olmstead, be a committee to express our thanks to Mr. Lord, for the plea- 
sure and instruction which his Lectures have afforded us, and to ascertain 
whether he can be induced to repeat the course for the benefit of many 
persons who are desirous of hearing them. 



From the Faculty of Uriion College. 
The Rev. John Lord has, by request, recently delivered six of his Histo- 
rical Lectures before the senior class in this College. The undersigned 
have heard most of them, and take pleasure in expressing their approba- 
tion of the manner in which Mr. L. has treated some of the most interest- 
ing and difficult points and characters of European history. His knowledge 
is 'extensive, his views impartial and comprehensive, and his style of lee- 
tv ng exceedingly well fatted to guide the studies of youth in the important 
b «ch of literature to which he is devoted. 

ELIPHALET NOTT, 
THOMAS REED, 
JONATHAN PEARSON, 
M. N. LAMOVEN, 
HIRAM H. PENNY, 

HORACE POTTER. 
a2 (5) 



niSTORICAL SERIES. 

Of the book itself some estimate may be formed from the following 
testimonials, selected from among a great number received. It is used iB 
many Colleges in the country, among them Yale and Dartmouth. 

Copy of a Letter from Pkesident Sparks, of Harvard College. 

Dear Sir, — Allow me to thank you for the copy of your Modern! 
History, which you had the goodness to send me. With such leisure as } 
could command I have perused several of the chapters. The work appears 
to me well adapted to attain the objects you propose. Much skill is shown 
in the selection of facts, and in preserving the natural order of events. 
The narrative is clear, *he style is animated and perspicuous, the estimate 
of the characters and motives of the prominent actors is discriminating and 
judicious, and above all, there is an enlarged and generous spirit running 
through the whole which produces the conviction that the author every- 
where aims at truth, impartiality and strict justice. 

With best wishes for the success of your efforts to render attractive and 
useful the great lessons of history, 

I am respectfully and truly yours, 

JARED SPARKS. 



Copy of a Letter from Rev. Dr. Tattahj, formerly Professor of History 
and Fhilos&phy in the University of New York. 

I have used Mr. Lord's History in my school, and am satisfied from the 
experiment, that it is one of the most valuable text-books in this depart- 
ment which has been issued from the press in this country or in England. 
It unites the qualities of brevity and clearness, with a power to interest 
which is rarely found in works of this class. 



C(rpy of a Letter from Prof. H. Webster, Principal of the New York 
Free Academy. 

I have read with pleasure the Modern History, from the time of Luthe? 
to the fall of Napoleon, by the Rev. J. Lord. This book possesses great 
merit ; it is written in a most captivating style, with a strong exhibition 
of the love of truth. I scarcely know any work on history as interesting, 
r belter calculated to answer a most valuable purpose in the cause of 
education; besides being especially useful as a text-book, it may be read 
to advantage by almost any person in any walk of life. 

C6) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

Extract from an article in the Biblical Repository and Princeton 
Review. 

It was one object uf Mr. Lord to furnish, in somewhat moderate com- 
pass, for the use of students and young persons generally, a substitute for 
those wretched, lifeless skeletons, with which publishers and paid book 
makerg are flooding us, under the name of abridgements, or histories for 
the use of schools. We have lately had the opportunity of hearing the 
young members of a family, enjoying the advantage of the most popular 
schools in an adjoining city, preparing their recitations on history. The 
process was just such as might have been anticipated from the character 
of the books they were "studying." The sentences were cut up into 
clauses, containing half an idea, or no idea at all, and sometimes even the 
most palpable falsehood, and all memorized, with the same unthinking, 
parrot-like repetitions ; until by the law of physical association, the utter- 
ance of the word drew after it the utterance of the next, and so the sen- 
tence and paragraph were finally completed. Of course history cannot be 
learned in any such way ; nor indeed any thing else of the kind, (for we 
found children trying to learn astronomy, natural philosophy, chemistry, 
natural history, and we know not how much more, in the same way ;) and 
for the purposes of education, the effect of the process seemed to us to 
solve the problem of developing the minimum of intellect, and supplying 
the minimum of useful and wholesome knowledge. We do not believe 
any one could practise this method upon the volume before us. It has too 
much vitality, to be cut up into inch pieces, for the purpose of study. 
The most conspicuous characteristic of Mr. Lord as a historian, is entiiu. 
Biasm in his favourite subject. And like all genuine enthusiasm, it 
imparts itself to his reader. 



The book before us goes over the most important period in the history 
of the world — a period of three hundred eventful years ! The author lays 
claim to no originality of investigation: how could he, in a historical com- 
pend of three centuries ? but the arrangement, the style, and the senti- 
ments are his own. 

Our literary institutions have long felt the need of such a work. Tytler, 
full of dry statistics, with no beauty of style or diction, is unfit for a text- 
book. Taylor's Manual, although well-written, lacks method, and per- 
plexes rather than instructs the mind. 

Mr. Lord has wove into his work, all the leading features and events of 
that long and important age, and clothed the whole in his own happy 
and agreeable style of thoughts. He merits the scholar's thatik? for so 
instructive a book, and we hope it may meet with an extensive circula- 
tion. — Nev) York Protestant Churchman. 

if) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

Copy of a Letter from Prof. West, Principal of Rutgers Institute^ 
New York. 

Mr, Lord's work on Modern History is one of the most valuable contri 
butions to school literature that has been made in many years. It is not 
composed of shreds and patches, as are most of the treatises in this depait- 
raent of knowledge, but elaborated from a mind imbued with the spirit of 
Ijistory. It is a living book, and presents the great events of an age in an 
attractive manner. Its style is beautifully simple and graphic. It is 
remarkable for its condensation and clearness, and is eminently free from 
narrow and sectarian views. 

I know of no book of the kind so well fitted for the purpose of educa- 
tion as this. It has been used in this Institution the past year, and so great 
has been the interest taken in it by my pupils, that I feel warranted m 
recommending it to the attention of teachers generally. 

CHAS. E. WEST. 
Rutgers Institute, New York, 



The best recommendation which can be given to Lord's History is that 
It recognizes a God in History, and assigns Him His proper agency in the 
government of this world. — Christian Secretary, Hartford, Ct. 



It is rather late in the day to produce a " Modern History" which can 
lay claim to much of originality or research, but Mr. Lord's aim is not to 
compete on these grounds with his predecessors on the same field, but to 
simplify and concentrate, according to his own system of arrangement, the 
facts and data which go to make up the sum and substance of the many 
histories already before the world. The work is intended for the use of 
schools and instructors, and in accordance with this plan its method has 
been adopted. — New York Literary World, 



This is a volume of very attractive appearance, prepared by a well-read 
and warm-hearted man, full of his subject, full of matter, and full of scho- 
lar-like enthusiasm. It goes over the ages from the time of Luther to the 
fall of Napoleon. Though professedly written "for the use of schools 
and colleges," it is admirably fitted for the instruction of that best of all 
schools — the domestic circle. — Boston Puritan and Recorder. 



Lord's History contains a vast am.ount of valuable information on sub 
jects of which no one should be ignorant. It betrays no spirit of political 
prejudice or religious bigotry ; and for the most part derives its materials 
from unexceptionable sources. Its general correctness cannot be im* 
peached. — Southern Christian Advocate, Charleston, S. C. 

(8) 



HISTORICAL SEEIES. 




PINNOCK^S HISTORICAL SEHIES. 



PINNOCK'S ENGLAKD, 

REVISED EDITION. 



PINNOCK'S EVIPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF ENQLAKB, 

FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS C^SAR 

TO THH BXSiLTH OF GBOHGS THS II. 

WITH A CONTINUATION TO THE YEAR 1845 : 
WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION » 

BESIDES A VARIETT OF VALUABLE ESTFORMATION ADDED THUOUGHOUT THE WORK, 

Confiisting of Tables of Contemporary SoTereigns and eminent Persons, copious Expla- 
natory Notes, Remarks on the Politics, Manners and Literature of the Age, 
and an Outline of the Constitution. 

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS 

tKB HUNDRED AND FIFTH AMERICAN, CORRECTED AND REVISED FROM THE TfllRTT-nmi 

ENGLISH EDITION. 

By W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., of Trinity College, Dubun, 

Author of a Manual of Ancient and Modern History, &c, &c, 

(9) 



HISTORICAL SEEIES. 



PmNOCK'S FRANCE, 

HISTOUY OF FRANCE AND NORMANDY, FROIM TIIE EARLIEST TIMES EC 
THE REVOLUTION OF 1848, 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END DF EACH SECTION 

Bf ^Y. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., of Trinity College, Dublin, 

Author of a Manual of Ancient and T^Iodern History, &c. &c., and Editor of Pinnock'g 
Improved editions of Goldsmith's Greece, Rome, and England. 

5LLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, 

TWENTY-FIFTH AMEEICAX FP.OM THE TETKD ENGLISH EDITION. 



PMMOCK'S EOME, 

REVISED EDITIOM. 

PIlfNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDS^nTITS HISTORY OF ROMS, 

TO WHICH IS PKEFISEIy 

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ROMAN HISTORY, 

AND A 6EEAT VARIETY OF INFORMATION THROCGHOUT THE WORK, 
ON THE MANNERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE ROMANS , 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION. 

SxXTY-FrFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE NINETEENTH LONDON EDITION, IMPROVED 

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D., 

WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS. 



PINNOCK'S GREECE, 

REVISED EDITION. 

FITTKOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF GREKOB, 
REVISED, CORRECTED, AND VERY CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED, 

BY THE ADDITION OF SEVERAL NEW CHAPTERS, AND NXTMEEOUS 

USEFUL NOTES. 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION, 

FORTY-FIFin AMERICAN, FROM THE NINETEENTH LONDON EDITION, IMPROVED 

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D., 

WITH NUIViEROUS ENGRAVINGS, BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS. 

CIO) 



HISTOEICAL SERIES. 

Pinrock's England, Greece, Rome, and France, have become school 
classics. In order to make this series more complete, the volumes have 
been revised by that well-known historian W. C. Taylor, LL. D., of Tri- 
nity College, Dublin. 

The popularity of these books is almost without a parallel. Teachers 
nnacquainted with them, will on examination give them a decided prefer- 
ence to any other historical series published. 



From the Pennsylvania Inquirer, Philadelphia, 
Ptnnock's Goldsmith's Greece, Rome, and En&land. — The popula 
rity of these histories is almost without a parallel among our school books 
Their use is co-extensive with the English language, and their names are 
familiar to all who have received an English education. But if permitted 
to remain as they came from the hands of the author, they would soon be 
antiquated ; for not only is the stream of modern history flowing onward, 
but numerous scholars are constantly making researches into that of 
ancient times. These works are therefore trequently revised, and thus 
the labours of successive individuals are added to those of the gifted man 
who wrote them. The present edition is quite an improvement on the 
former ones. Several important matters which had before been omitted, 
have been introduced into the text, numerous notes and several new cuts 
have been added, and every chapter commences with one or more well 
selected poetical lines, which express the subject of the chapter, and will 
assist the memory as well as improve the taste of the student. We feel 
assured that these additions will increase the reputation which these works 
have hitherto so deservedly sustained. 



From John M. Keagt, Friends' Academy, Philadelphia. 
1 consider Pinnock's edition of Goldsmith's History of England as the 
oest edition of that work which has as yet been published for the use of 
schools. The tables of contemporary sovereigns and eminent persons, at 
the end of each chapter, afTord the means of many useful remarks and 
comparisons with the history of other nations. With these views, I cheer- 
lully recommend it as a book well adapted to school purposes. 



From Mr. J, F. Gould, Teacher, Baltimore. 
Having examined Pinnock's improved edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History 
of Rome, 1 unhesitatingly say, that the style and elegance of the language, 
the arrangement of the chapters, and the questions for examination ren- 
der it, in my estimation, a most valuable school book : — 1 therefore mosi 
cheerfully recommend it to teachers, and do confidently trust that it will 
find an extensive introduction into the schools of our country. 

(11) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

From the New York Evening Post. 

A well written and authentic History of France posse^^es unusual inte- 
rest ai the present time. It becomes especially valuauxe when, as in the 
present case, it has been prepared with questions as a text book for com- 
mon schools and seminaries, by a scholar so accomplished as Dr. Taylor 
The work has passed through three editions in England. The American 
editor has added one chapter on the late revolutions, bringing the history 
down to 1848, and has added to its value by illustrations throughout, per 
traying the costume and the principal events of the reigns ot which it 
treats. 

This treatise goes back to the origin of tne Celtic race, or the Cimbri- 
ans, as the offspring of Gomer, peopling the north and east of Europe on 
the one hand, and to the descendants of Cush— under the names of Scy- 
thians, Tartars, Goths, and Scots, warlike, wandering tribes, on the 
other, tracing the migrations of the latter till they drove the Celts west- 
ward, and the Rhine forms the boundary between the two nations. From 
the Gauls it goes on to the reign of the Franks, Charlemagne, the Carlo- 
vingian race, the history of Normandy, and the history of France from the 
first crusade through its lines of monarchies and its revolutions, to 1848. 
The style is clear and forcible, and from the compactness of the work, 
forming, as it does, a complete chain of events in a most important part 
of the history of Europe, it will be found interesting and valuable for 
general readers, or as a text-book in our schools. It is comprised in 444 
pages, 12mo., and contains a chronological index and genealogy of the 
kings of France. 



Want of space prevents us from inserting all the recommendationF 
received : we however present the names of the following gentlemen, who 
have given their recommendations to the Histories : 
SIMEON HART, Jr., Farmington, Conn. 

R3V. D. R. AUSTIN , Frincipal of Monmouth Academy, Monson, Mass, 
T. L. WRIGHT, A.M., Frin. E. Hartford Classical and English School 
Rev. N. W. FISKE, A.M., Professor Amherst College, Mar,s. 
E. S. SNELL, A.M., Professor Amherst College, Mass. 
Rev. S. NORTH, Professor Languages, Hamilton College, N. Y. 
W. H. SCRAM, A.M., Frin. Classical and English Academy, Troy,N. I 
JAMES F. GOULD, Prirtcipal of Classical School, Baltimore. 

A. B. MYERS. Principal of Whitehall, Academy, New York. 
HORACE WEBSTER, Professor Geneva College, N. Y. 
W. C. FOWLER, Professor Middlebury College, Vermont. 

B. S, NOBLE, Bridgeport, Conn. 

Rev. S. B. HOWE, Late President of Dickenson College. 
B. F. JOSLIN, Profess.;r Union College, N. Y. 

(12) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 




FROST'S HISTORIES. 



HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.— 12mo. 

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. BY JOHN PROST. 
ILLUSTRATED WITU FORTY E^■GRAYINGS. 

The design of the author in this, his larger history, has been to furnish 
a cext-book full and complete enough for the use of colleges, academies, 
and the higher seminaries. It begins with the discovery of the New 
World, and presenting the series of events in a clear and connected narra- 
tive, rejecting whatever was considered irrelevant or unimportant, and 
dwelling chiefly on those striking features of the subject which give i*- 
vividness and character; the history is brought down to the present day. 
'Although," says the author in his preface, "the considerable period 
embraced, the multitude of characters and events delineated, and the 
extent of the field in which they figure, have rendered the preservation of 
historical unity no easy task, he has laboured to give the work such a 
degree of compactness as would enable the student to perceive the rela- 
tion of all its parts, and to grasp the whole without any very difficult exer- 
cise of comprehension." 

The numerous testimonials to the merit of this work, and its popularity 

evinced quite unequivocally by the sale of ten thousand copies within a 

few months after its first publication, afford a strong presumption tha^ the 

duihor has succeeded in his purpose of making it a first-rate school history 

B (13). 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 
FROST'S HISTOKY OE THE UNITED STATES 

18M0. 

FOR THE USE OF COMMON SCHOOLS. 

CONDENSED FROM THE AUTHOr's LARGE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The smaller history is abridged very judiciously from the larger one, 
and can be recommended confidently to general use. Many interesting 
and impo"tant facts relative to American affairs, in other works of the kind 
om/tted, are therein skilfully introduced. The simplicity of the style can- 
not fail to please every attentive reader. The appendix, containing the 
Constitution of our beloved country, as also a useful Chronological Table, 
will render the work doubly valuable. Both works are in general use in 
most of the Public and Private Schools throughout the country. 

{15" The above works have recently been revised by the author, and 
brought down to the occupation of the city of Mexico by General Scott. 



The following are selected from a large number of recommendations of 
the above work, which have been received by the publishers. It has been 
adopted by the Controllers of the Public Schools of the City and County 
of Philadelphia, and by other committees of public schools in various 
parts of the country : 

Trom R. Connolly, Teacher, Baltimore. 
I have examined Frost's History of the United States, just published, 
and cheerfully recommend it to the attention of teachers as a very superior 
work of the kind. In style, a most important point in works of this cha* 
racter, it is decidedly superior to some of the most popular historical com 
pends now used in our schools and academies. 



From E. B. Harney, Teacher, Baltimore. 
Dear Sir, — I have long felt the want of a good History of the United 
States, and was pleased to have the opportunity of perusing Frost's. I 
am so much pleased with its elegance of language, neat arrangement, 
copious questions, and style of getting up, that I shall at once introduce it 
into ray school, and use mv influence to give it a wide circulation. 



This is to certify, that Frost's History of the United States has been 
edopted as a class-book by the Controllers of the Public Schools of the 
First School District of Pennsylvania, and is in general use in the Fubhc 
SchooiB of the City and County of Philadelphia. 

R. PENN SMITH, 
Secretary of the Board of Controllers 
(14) 



HISTORICAL SERIES. 

From. William Russell, Editor of the American Journ-ai of Ediication, 
First Series. 

1 am glad to see that the History of the United States, whicb you 
announced some time since, has made its appearance. I have been gra- 
tified wjth the perusal of the volume; and I take pleasure in saying that 
it appears to me in every respect well executed. It avoids the fault with 
which most compilations are chargeable — ihat of merely sketching a gene- 
ral outline of the events, too brief and abstract to gain the attention of 
the student. It is free, at the same time, from injudicious prohxity an3 
detail. 

The style is clear, concise and spirited ; free on the one hand from the 
ambitious and rhetorical character, and on the other, from the negligence 
and inaccuracy into which most of our popular compends have fallen. 

As a History of the United States, it is, in my opinion, more full and 
more exact than any of the same size, and in all other respects preferable, 
VL3 a book intended to aid the business of instruction. 



We fully concur in the sentiments above expressed; 

G. J. HOPPER, C. W. NICHOLS, 

RUFUS LOCKWOOD, M, BEARSLEY, 

ROYAL MANN, WM. H. WYCROFF, 

JOHN OAKLY, THEO. W. PORTER, 

HENRY SWORDS, C. C. JENNINGS, 

GEORGE INGRAM, ROBERT J. FURNEY, 

J. C. TREADWELL, AARON RAND, 

JOS. McKEEN, EDM. D. PARRY, D.D., 
F. S. WORTH, Principal of a Classical Acadef»tf, 

^WM. FORREST, SAMUEL GARDNER, 

F. A. STREETER, D. STENENS, 

JAMES LAWSON, SAMUEL BROWN, 

DAVID SCHOYER, JOSEPH M. ELY, 

SOLOMON JENNER, P. PERRINE, 

JOS. CHAMBERLAIN, SAMUEL RICHARDS, 
JOSEPH MOONY, New York. 



These invaluable Histories are extensively used in the schools of New 
York, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, &c. 
ond have recently been adopted by the Superintendent of the Public 
Schools in Arkansas. 

(15) 



HISTORICAL SEMES. 



LOED'S HISTOPvY OF THE UNITED STATES, 



A New History of the United States of America, 

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 

BY JOHN LORD, A.M., 

AUTHOR OF A JVIODETIN HISTORY FROM THE TIME OF LUTHER TO THS 
FALL OF NAPOLEON. 

This work is written in the attractive style for which the author is so 
noted, and is admirably calculated to produce in the minds of pupils who 
Bhall use it a love for the study. 

It is beautifully illustrated with numerous fine Engravings, and contains 
an excellent coloured Map of the United States, and several additional 
maps showing the position of various battle-fields and noted places in our 
history. 

NOTICES. 
From the Pkiladelphia American Courier. 

This may very safely be pronounced a much needed and at the samo 
time a most adniirably executed volume for the schools of the country.; 
and for which we unhesitatingly predict great popularity and an immense 
demand. The great leading facts in our national history are presented in 
plain, well expressed terms, without verboseness or ambiguity, by one 
who has proved himself to be an able scholar, a just historian, and a pa- 
triot of enlarged, liberal views. It is just the work to give the youthful 
mind right and lasting impressions of the history of the country. 
From the New York Evenhig Mirror. 

It is not only an excellent School History, but an excellent general his- 
tory, that may be perused with profit by readers of all ages and acquire 
ments. 

From the Philadelphia City Item. 

This book will supply a deficiency long acknowledged in school litera- 
ture. We doubt if any other man in the country is so well calculated to 
write this history. Mr. Lord is a great favourite of ours. His style is 
eminently lucid, vigorous, and comprehensive. We think we can, with- 
out fear of contradiction, pronounce him a master of the English tongue. 
With a wealth of language known to but few, he is singularly simple in 
his choice of words. His sentences are direct and to the point, and his 
matter is always the gist of the story. These are rare qualifications, and 
almost indispensable in a historian. We shall be m.istaken if this work 
is not at once hailed with acclamation as by far the best school history in 
the United States yet published. It should at once be introduced into cur 

Pablic Schools. 

(16) 



ENGLISH GRAMMARS. 

• CHAN-DLEPi'S 
COMMON SCHOOL GRAMMAR. 

A GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 

ADAPTED TO THE USE OF THE SCHOOLS OF AMERICA, 
BY JOSEPH R. CHANDLER, 

liATE EDITOR OF THE UNITED STATES GAZETTE. 

A few notices from among a great number received are subjoined. 
WARD SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK. 

The undersigned, Commissioners and Inspectors of Common Schools 
of the _13th Ward, having, with much care and deliberation, examined 
Chandler's Grammar of the English language, are of opinion that for 
scientific arrangement, happy illustration, and judicious application of the 
principles of Grammar to language, it is unequalled by any work of the 
kind extant. We have, therefore, adopted it to be used in the Ward Schools 
under our charge. 

WILLIAM A. WALTERS, 



Chas. D. Field, Inspector. 



JAMES H. COOK, ' Commissioners. 



The undersigned, having examined Chandler's English Grammar with a 
view to ascertain its adaptation to the purpose of teaching, take great plea- 
sure in recommending the same as a work of superior merit. 

The prominent features which seem to recommend the book strongly to 
the undersigned, are, first, the system of commencing the study with the 
business of inductive parsing; the introduction of the diff'erent parts of 
epeech progressively ; with a correct reference to definitions, together with 
the uniform simplicity of explanation. 

It is the only text-book on this subject now in use in Ward School No. 
19, containing over twelve hundred pupils. 

W. C. KIBB, Principal Male Dejjartment Ward School, No. 19. 
J. D. DEMITT, Assistant " " " « " 

G. W. PETIT, " " " " " " 

HARRIET N. GOLDLEY, Principal Female " " 

A WEW GEAMMAiTjnST^PTJBLISHED. 

THE SELF-INSTRUCTING MODEL ENGLISH GRAMMAR; embracing 
exercises in Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody, and a com- 
plete Key to the method of Analyzing and Parsing. Intended to aid 
teachers and private students. By John A. McRoberts, of Tennessee, 
teacher of English Grammar. 

B 2 (17) 



MISCELLANEOUS SCHOOL BOOKS. 

jATcFN^Tixp^siToR. 

THE ENGLISH OBTHOGRAPHIGAL EXPOSITOR, 

BEING A COMPENDIOUS SELECTION OF THE MOST USEFUL WOEDS IN THE 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 

SlplmtoticEllti Srrnngri, VmM, SlaBHtri nni dE^iplainBi; 

ACCORDING TO THE MOST APPROVED MODERN AUTHORS. 

AliSO, AlilST OF MORE THAW 800 WORDS 

SIMILAR, OR NEARLY SIMILAR IN SOUm), BUT OF DIFFERENT SPELLING 
AND IMPORT. 

LOGIC.OR THE ARTJ£ REASONING SIMPLIFIED. 

In this work remarks are made on intuitive evidence; distinctions between 
induction, analogy, and syllogism, illustrated; the ancient and modern 
modes of argument contrasted, and the general process of reasoning and its 
susceptibility of improvement from art stated. 

It also contains the distinctions between metaphysical, moral, and mathe- 
matical demonstration, the method of detecting fallacies or deviations from 
correct reasoning, and the rules of interpretation, controversy, and method. 

Closing with exercises on a variety of interesting topics, to guide and de- 
velops the reasoning powers of the youthful enquirer after truth. — By S. E, 
Parker. 



SMART'S CICERO. 

M. T. CICERONIS ORATIONES. Qu^dam selectee in usum Delphini cum 
interpretatione et historia succincta reram gestarum et scriptorum M. T. 
Ciceronis. In this edition are introduced all the valuable notes of the 
Dauphin Edition, translated into English; selections from Duncan, and 
other commentators; and original observations. By John G. Smart. 
Stereotyped from the Second Edition, corrected and improved. With a 
Life of Cicero, in English. 

VIRGIL. 

THE WORKS OF P. VIRGILIUS MARO, with the original text reduced 

to the natural order of construction; and an interlinear translation as 

nearly literal as the idiomie difference of the Latin and English languages 

- will allow. Adapted to the system of classical instruction combining the 

methods of Ascham^^ Milton, and Locke. By Levi Hart and V. R. 

OSBORN. 

(18) 



SARGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKER. 

.JUST PUBLISHED, 
In one demi-ociavo volume of bb^ pages. 

THE STANDAED SPEAKEK, 

CONTAINING 

€mi\m in ^xm mii T^u\i% 

FOR DECLAMATION IN SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, LYCEUMS, COLLSGES. 

Newly translated or compiled from celebrated Orators, Authors^ and populaf 

Debaters, ancient and modern. 

A TREATISE ON ORATORY AND ELOCUTION, 

WITH NOTES EXPLANATORY AND B I OG R ^ P H I C A L. 

BY EPES SARGENT. 

This work bas been compiled with great care, and conta.iS a majority of 
new pieces. It is far more comprehensive than any similar work, and ia 
adapted for use not only as a Speaker, but to the general reader, as a coUeo- 
tion containing many new, rare, and elegant extracts. 

From among a great number of commendatory notices received from 
essayists, the press, and teachers of elocution, a few are subjoined. 



From E. P. WHrPPLE, Esq., the well-hnoxon Essayist and Critic. 

We have no hesitation in saying that this is the best compilation of the 
kind, in the variety and in the comprehensiveness of its selections, which 
has been made on either side of the Atlantic. The various pieces are selected 
with great judgment from a long array of celebrated orators and writers. 
A good portion of the work is devoted to extracts from late speeches in 
France, England, and America, which have never before appeared in a ool- 
loction of the kind; and the works of the great masters of eloquence, 
Chatham, Burke, Pitt, Fox, Grattan, Emmett, Shiel, and Webster, have been 
carefully studied for new specimens. The original translations from the 
French are admirably executed, and add a novel feature to the work. The 
amount of editorial labor expended on the whole compilation must have 
been very great — greater, we think, than that of any other Speaker. 

The introductory treatise on Oratory and Elocution is a model of con- 
densation, full of matter, clear, sensible, and available in every part. Not 
only is the volume admirably adapted to serve its primal purpose as a 
Speaker, but to the general reader it will be found to be a most stimulating 
and attractive book, better than any work of "elegant extracts" we have 
Bpon. 

(19) 



SAEGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKER. 

From the Knicherhocher {N. Y.) Magazine. 
While he (the compiler) has retained all the indispensable masterpieces, 
and restored many that have been omitted from the collections the last 
twenty years, he has given an amount of fresh, new, and appropriate mat- 
ter, that will astonish and delight the youthful prize-seeking orators of our 
academies and schools. He has translated from Mirabeau and Victor Hugo 
a number of speeches of appropriate lengJh, that will become as familiar as 
the " Give me liberty or give me death" speech of Patrick Henry. 

From E. S. DlXWELL, Esq., late Principal of the Public Latin School, Boston. 
The volume seems to me to be a very valuable one, and to contain more 
available matter than any book of the kind I ever saw. Beside the old 
standard pieces, you have given us a great many new ones, and, to my sur- 
prise, have put a new vigor into some of the old translations, which makea 
them quite new and redolent of their originals. 

From the Lowell Courier. 
The whole range of ancient and modern oratory, pulpit, forensic, or occa- 
sional, as well as of poetry, dramatic, lyrical, or epic, has been explored, and 
the choicest gems from each brought together into this literary casket. The 
volume should be on the table of every friend of elegant letters, as a collec- 
tion of rare and beautiful extracts, to be read and read again. 



From the Boston Daily Advertiser. 
The volume deserves to be, what its title claims, a " Staii^dard 
Speakek." 



From the Neio York Express. 
The Standard Speaker is one of the most superbly executed works that 
ever emanated from the American press, and is the best book for the pur- 
poses for which it was designed, ever issued in the language. It must 
become a standard school-book, wherever reading and elocution are taught. 



From the New York Home Journal. 
The chimerical "systems," through which a short cut to the attainment 
of good elocution is promised, are set down at their true value. All the 
available information on the subject is here summed up. The principal de- 
partment is the Senatorial; and this is much more full and satisfactory than 
anything of the kind that has yet appeared in any elocutionary collection. 

It is adapted to the wants of the vjhole Union, and not of a section. — New 
Orleans Picayune. 

(20) 



I 



SARGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKEB. 






From the Springfield {Mass.) MepubUcan. 
The most thorough in its adaptation to its general purpose, and the most 
CA tended in its range, of any of the Speakers that have preceded it. The 
book is fresh, the pieces are of the right length, and are selected with moat 
critical care. 

From the Salem [Mass.) Register, 
It may well be called a Standard Speaker. It eclipses everything of the 
hind hitherto published. It is as perfect in every department as could bo 
desired. 

From Francis Gardner, Esq., Principal of the Public Latin School, Boston. 
I trust that the improvement of the pupils of the old Latin School in elo- 
cution, will soon afford you the most gratifying proofs of the good service 
you have rendered them by putting into their hands a collection of pieces so 
admirably adapted to their purposes. 



Froin G. F. Thayer, Esq., President of the American Institute, and Principal 
of the Chauncey Place School, Boston. 
The " Standard Speaker" furnishes by far the best storehouse of oratorical 
matter with which I am acquainted — probably superior to any other in the 
language. 



From the Boston Courier. 
The most complete and valuable of th« many works of the kind whicli 
have issued from the press during the last dozen years. All the old favorites 
of our boyish days are here, together with a large amount of matter which ia 
wholly new. It is not so much A Speaker, as the Speaker. 



From Graham's 3Iagazine. 
The great feature of the work is the completeness of the Senatorial De- 
partment, in which he has introduced not only passages of rare beauty and 
effect from Chatham, Burke, Grattan, Shiel, Macaulay, and many others, — 
all the passages of the right length for speaking, — but has given some trans- 
lations from Mirabeau, Victor Hugo, and other great speakers of France, 
which will become great favorites in schools and elocutionary classes. 



From the Boston Daily Traveller. 
We are disposed to believe this book will, in very deed, become the Stand- 
ard Speaker for our schools, .fee. We knoAv not where the student can find 
SO extensive and choice a collection of pieces for declamation. 

(21) 



SARGENT'S STANDAKD SPEAKEK. 

Frora the Washington [D. G.) Bepahlic. 
This Speaker speaks as never Speaker spake beforo. * * * The work is 
executed with gi-eat discretion, to the careful exclusion of every sentimentj 
however eloquently expressed, not fit to be uttered by the most fastidious. 
Whatever we get hy heart in our youth, is truly gotten hy heart. It is there- 
fore eminently desirable to impress the rising generation with sentiments of 
pure and holy patriotism ; to teach them to utter those sentiments with their 
lips; to cherish them in their warm, young hearts, and to rivet them there 
for ever. For this truly important object, this volume is pre-eminently useful. 

From the Boston Christian (Baptist) Ohserver. 
It is the paramount duty of him who prepares a work like this, to exclude 
every sentiment whose tendency is mischievous, however eloquently uttered, 
and to suffer nothing there ri7i/it to he treasured through life, and remembered 
in a dying hour. We have examined this work with attention, and are happy 
to perceive that Mr. Sargent has exercised a sound discretion in this import- 
ant particular. This work may well claim precedency, longo intervallo, of 
all similar productions with which we are acquainted. 

From the New York Commercial Advertiser, 
It deserves to become " The Standard Speaker" in the highest schools 
throughout the Union. We know no collection of specimens of remarkable 
orators heretofore published, that can be compared with it in variety or 
extent. It has evidently been Mr. Sargent's aim to compile a work which 
would leave nothing to be desired for educational purposes. There is 
scarcely a name in the catalogue of the world's orators which does not appear 
in the index to this magazine of eloquence. The editorial labor must have 
been arduous; but it has been performed with great accuracy and dis- 
crimination. 



From the Boston Post. 
It has been prepared with care, industry, and good taste, and is no lazy 
gleaning from the labors of others. 



From the Fitchhurg Beveille. 
The value of the work is much enhanced by an introductory treatise on 
Oratory and Elocution, in which the author has manifested his good sense 
and judgment by rejecting the customary humbug of a tiresome series of 
artificial rules for reading, by written formulas and rhetorical notation, 
Vfhich, during several years of experience as a teacher, we have found pro- 
ductive of no other result than to weary and disgust the young pupil, with, 
to him, an incomprehensible jargon, and a set of useless or cabalistic signs. 

(22) 



SARGENT'S SELECTIONS IN POETRY. 

SELEeiiONS Ui POETBY3 

FOE EXERCISES AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME. 

EDITED BY EPES SARGENT. 
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY BILLINGS AND OTHERS. 

This beautiful collection has been received with scarcely less enthusiasm 
than the well-known " Standard Speaker," compiled by the same author. 

NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 

From the Home Journal. 

"Many a school will be enlightened, and many a fireside enlivened by 
the perusal of these pure and beautiful effusions of the muse." 



From the Boston Traveller. 

" The editor, wUh an observant and practised eye, seems to have ranged 
the whole field of Deriodical literature, and to have culled therefrom a rare 
collection of unfailing flowers. The volume is an excellent one for the use 
of schools, and no less valuable as a table and literary companion." 



From the Boston Journal. 
" Every piVc; in the book is a gem. British and American collections 
of poetry have been rifled of their choicest sweets, to make up the 
contents." 



From Godey^s Lady^s Boole. 
" The selections are most judicious, chaste and numerous, and the 
illustrations beautiful." • 



From a Roxhury [Mass.) Paper. 

"We certainly know of no collection of English poetry that at all ap« 
proaches this in value." 



From the Boston Commonwealth. 

"The artists, in the illustrations which adorn this book, have shown a 
Qne appreciation of the thoughts of the poets." 

From the Cambridge (Mass.) Chronicle. 
•' We believe this to be the best collection of English poetry that can 
Ve found in any single volnme, of similar size." 

(23) 



MISCELLANEOUS SCHOOL BOOKS. 

' FROST'S AMEEICAN SPEAKER, 

COMPRISING A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE ON ELOCUTION. 

AND AN EXTENSITE SELECTION OF SPECIMENS OF AMEEICAN AND FOREIGN ELOQUENCE. 

ished witt enpved Porkails of distiiiouislied imerican Orators, on stsel. 

BY J. FROST, 

Autlior of tlie History of the United States. — 12mo. 



The design of this work is to furnish a correct and satisfactory Treatise 
on the Principles of Elocution in a sm^ll space ; and a very rich and copi- 
ous collection of specimens of Deliberative, Forensic, Academic, and Po- 
pular Eloquence, filling up the greater portion of the volume. It has met 
with a very rapid sale, thousands of copies having been sold since its pub' 
lication. The estimation in which it is held by intelligent teachers has 
been attested by recommendations from every quarter. 



From William Russell, Esq., Teacher of Elocution, first Editor of the 
Journal of Education. 

Dear Sir, — The American Speaker, edited by M*. Frost, is, I think, 
one of the best volumes for practical exercises in elocution, that instruc- 
tors or students can find. The rules and principles laid down in the intro- 
ductory part of the book, comprise whatever is most useful in Walker's 
Bvstem, as abridged by Mr. Ewing, of Edinburgh. The compends of Mr. 
Ewing were preferred to all others, by the late Dr. Porter, of Andover, 
whose critical knowledge and pure taste in relation to the art of elocution 
are so extensively appreciated. 

The numerous rules on the manner of reading the series — so termed by 
elocutionists — may be differently viewed bf instructors, according to the 
extent to which they follow Walker's authority. But there can be no 
diversity of opinion as to the utility of the other parts of the work, and, 
particularly, the many pieces in which the inflections of the voice are 
marked throughout by appropriate accents. 

Respectfully yours, WM. RUSSELL, 



I consider Frost's American Speaker to be the best compilation of the 
kind that has ever met my eye. The principles of elocution therein laid 
down are excellent, and well calculated to promote eloquence in every 
youthful American freeman. The extracts are of a high order, and, in 
general, breathe the spirit of liberty and independence. Giving you my 
best wishes for the success of the work, 

I remain, very respectfully, yours, WILLIAM ALEXANDER. 

(24J 



WOBKS ON THE NATURAL SCIENCES. 




PAETICULAR ATTENTION 



13 INYITED TO 



Cjjiuhs M^tBihtvs 

SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS 
yPOM THE NATWBAL SCIENCES. 

AMOXG THEM ARE 

JOHNSTON'S SEEIES. 
JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S CHEMISTRY. 

A MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY, 

ON THE BASIS OF DR. TURNER'S ELEifENTS OP CHEMISTRY, CONTAINING, IN A 

CONDENSED FORJf, ALL THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS AND PRINCIPLES 

OF THE SCIENCE. DESIGNED AS A TEXT-BOOK IN COLLEGEo 

AND OTHER SEMINARIES OF LEARNING. 

A NEW EDITION. 

BY JOHN JOHNSTON, A.M., 

Profec^sor of Natural Science in "Wesleyan University. 

JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY 

FOR THE USE OF COMMON SCHOOLS. One Vol. ISmo. 
1! (25) 



JOHNSTON'S SERIES, 




JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 

ENLAKGED AND IMPROVED. 

a Blanitnl nf SSiitiiral |^!iilnsD}iIii|; 

COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND DESIGNED AS A TEXT' 
BOOK IN HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 

BY JOHN JOHNSTON, A.M., 

PROFESSOR OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE WESLETAN UNITERSITF. 

The above valuable series of books were prepared by John Johnston, 
A.M., Professor of T*fatural Science in the Wesleyan University, Middle- 
town, Ct. The Chemistry is tlie standard text-book of many oftbe lead- 
ing Colleges and prominent Medical Institutions of the country. The 
Elementary Chemistry, very recently published, has been adopted in 
many High Schools and Academies, in all parts of the country. 

The present edition of Johnston's Natural Philosophy will be found 
much enlarged and improved. Exact in its definitions, original in its 
illustrations, full and familiar in explanation, the publishers are assured 
it will require oniy to be examined to be approved. It has been recently 
recommended by the Board of Education of the State of New Uampsbire 
for the use of the Common Schools of the State; it has also been adopted in 
the High School of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in many Academies and 
Schools in various sections of the country. 

A few notices of the series, from among many which have been receivett, 
are appended: 

(26) 



WOKKS OISl THE NATURAL SCIENCES. 

Extract from the Proceedings of the School Commissioners of the State of 

New Hampshire, 
At a meeting of the Commissioners of Common Schools for the State of 
K"ew Hampshire, held in Concord, August, 1851, it was, on motion of Mr. 
Whidden, of Lancaster, Coos county. 

Voted, To recommend " Johnston's Natural Philosophy" to he used in the 
Common Schools of the State. 



From M. J. "WlLLlAirs, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 
South Carolina College, Columbia, S. C. 
I consider Johnston's Manual of K'atural Philosophy a good text-book for 
elementary instruction in schools and academies. 



Extract from the Record of the Proceedings of the Board of Visitors of the 
Natchez Institute, Natchez, 31iss. 
At a meeting of the Board of Visitors of the Natchez Institute, John- 
Bton's Natural Philosophy, and Johnston's Elements of Chemistry, ward 
unanimously adopted as text-books for the use of the pupils. 

Signed, L. M. PATTERSON, Secretary. 



Fiom Prof. Booth, office High School, Philadelphia. 
1 find, upon a careful examination of Johnson's Manual of Chemistry, 
that it is extremely well adapted to the objects for which it is designed. 
As a text-book, I regard it as superior to Turner's Chemistry, on which 
it is based, being more condensed and practical, and yet sufficiently and 
equally presenting the late rapid advancement of the science. 



Extract from a Letter of F. Merkick, Professor of Chemistry in the Ohio 
Wesleyan University and Starli?ig Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. 
Having carefully examined Johnston's Turner's Chemistry, without 
specifying its particular excellencies, T am free to say that I regard it aa 
an excellent text-book. Indeed to most students in the higher seminaries 
of learning, I know of no book upon the subject, which 1 would recom- 
mend in preference to it. 

From John F. Eraser, Professor of General Chemistry in the FrayiTdiii 
Institute, Philadelphia. 
I find it to be a carefully compiled and well digested Treatise, and, as T 
believe, well adapted to serve the purpose of a text-book. 

This work has been introduced into many Academies and several Col 
leges, and is held in the higliest estimation. 

(27) 



JOHNSTON'S SERIES. 

From J. Simmons, Prmcipal of the Locust Street Institute for Young La- 
dies, JPhiladelphia. 
The arrangement of the work rs judicious, and the principles of chemical 
science are developed in a style remarkable for its clearness and precision- 
I never before met with a Treati-se on Chemistry in which the subject was 
so thoroughly treated within so narrow limits. 



From Samuel Randall, Young Ladies' School, Walnut Street, Philad'a. 

Professor Johnston has done well in selecting Turner as a basis ; and 
by a careful and skiliul revision of that excellent work, he has given iis a 
book admirably adapted to the higher classes in our best Institutions. 

A class of young ladies in my school having recently finished the study 
of Professor Johnston's Natural Philosophy, with great satisfaction to 
both them and myself, I cannot refrain from bestowmg upon the work 
my decided approbation. It would require too much space to enumerate 
its merits. I would merely say that, in my judgment, it is the best book 
of its kind. 

SAMUEL RANDALL, 
Young Ladies' ScJwol, Walnut Street, Philadelfhia. 



From the Literary Record. 
This book belongs to a rare specjes. It is better than its design, and 
performs more than it promises. It was prepared expressly for the tyros 
of science in our High Schools and Academies; and while we commend 
its admirable adaptation to that end, we also believe it to be equally well 
suited to the wants of a numerous class of general readers, who desire 
information upon physical subjects, but are deterred from seeking it in the 
larger and more abstruse treatises. It will also serve as a useful hand- 
book for persons who, with little knowledge of Natural Philosophy, occa- 
sionally attend a public course of scientific lectures. We have not met 
with any book which seemed so well calculated as this to prepare the 
mind of an unscientific man to comprehend the popular lectures which are 
delivered e'^ery winter in our large towns and cities, and to derive instruc- 
tion and benefit from them. 



From R. T. Brumlt, Professor of Chemistry in South Caroli?ia College^ 
Columhia, S. C. 
Having carefully examined Johnston's Turner's Elements of Chemistry 
for the use of schools, I take pleasure in expressing the opinion that it ia 
what it professes to be, "a faithful compendium of the scipnce in its pre- 
sent state," and that it is well suited to elementary instruction in male 
and female academies. 

(23^ 



WOKKS ON THE NATURAL SCIENCES. 

GUY'S ASTROKOMY, 

AND 

KEITH ON THE GLOBES. 

GUY AND KEITH. 
GUY ON ASTRONCiVIY, AND KE!TH ON THE GLOBES: 

Guy's Eleineuts of Astronomy, and an Abridpent of Keith's New Treatise on the Globes. 

THIRTEENTH AMERICAN EDITION, V/ITH ADDITIONS AND IIV.PROVEMENTS, 

AKD i-N EXPLANATION OF THE ASTRONOMICAL PAE,T OP THE AMElilCAN 

ALMANAC. 

DRAWN AND ENGRAVED ON STEEL, IN THE BEST MANNER. 

A volume containing Guy's popular Treatise of Astronomy, and KeitU 
9u iiib Glebes, having been submitted to us for examination, and carefully 
CAainiiied, we can without any hesitation recommend it to the notice and 
patyoKat;e ct parents and teachers. The work on Astronomy is clear, 
wnelligible, a.id suited to the comprehension of young persons. It com- 
prises a groat amount of information and is well illustrated with steel 
engravings. Ktiih on the Globes has long been recognised as a standard 
school book. Thu present edition, comprised in the same volume with the 
Astronomy, is impio -cd by the omission of much extraneous matter, and 
rhe reduction of si/so vi.id price. On the whole, we know of no school 
oook which comprisej t'o much in so little space as the new edition of 
vjr'iy and Keith. 

THOMAS EUSTAO.^, CHARLES MEAD, 

JOHN HASLAM, BENJAMIN MAYO, 

W. CURRAN, HUGH MORROW, 

SAMUEL CLENDEMII, J. II. BLACK. 



The following teachers of BcUimore, concur iu the opinion above ex- 
pressed : 

E.BENNETT, O. W. TREADWELL, 

C. F. BANSEMAR, JAMES SHANLEY, 

E. R. HARNEY, DAVID KING, 

ROBERT O'NEILL ROBERT WALKER, 

N. SPELMAN, D. W. B. McCLELAN. 
c2 (29) 



MATHEMATICAL WORKS. 



VZaG-IS^Iil. ErlllilT^Hir ZETSTIT UT2S 

MATHEMATICAL SERIES, 

BY COL. FRANCIS H. SMITH, 

SUPERINTENDENT OF THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITrTE. 



INTRODUCTION TO SMITH AND DUKE'S 
ARITHMETIC. 

BY FRANCIS H.SMITH, A.M. 



AMERICAN STATISTICAL ARITHMETIC. 

. DESIGNED FOR ACADE3IIES AND SCHOOLS. 

BY FRANCIS H.SMITH, A.M. 

Buperintendent and Professor of Mathematics in the Virginia Military Institute; lata 

Professor of Mathematics in Hampden Sydney College, and formerly Assistant 

Professor in the United States Military Academy, West Point; 

And R. T. W. DUKE, 

Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the Yirginia Blilitary Institute. 
THIRD EDITION. 



KEY TO SMITH AND DUKE'S AMERICAN 
STATISTICAL ARITHMETIC. 

PREPARED BY WILLIAM FORBES, 

Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the Yirginia Military Institute. 



SMITH'S ALGEBRA. 

AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON ALGEBRA, 

PEEPARITD FOR THE USE OF THE CADETS OF THE VIRGINIA 3IILITAEV 

INSTITUTE, AND ADAPTED TO THE I'RESENT STATE OF MATKB 

MATICAL INSTRUCTION IN THE SCHOOLS. AC ADE3IIES, 

AND COLLEGES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

BY FRANCIS H. SMITH, A.M. 

This work is designed to present as complete an Elementary course of 
Algebra, as the time devoted to the study of Mathematics in the CoUegea 
ol jur country will allow ; while it will be equally within the comprehcn- 
Bion of the pupil of the High School or Academy. 



MATHEMATICAL WOIIKS. 

In preparing this work, the author has adopted those explanations and 
demonstrations which an experience of many years in teaching, and a care- 
ful comparison of standard authors, have shown to be best. Without 
following the system of any other writer, he has derived important aid 
from the works of Gamier, Bezout , Reynaicd. Bourdon, Lacroix, Francoeiir, 
Elder, Hutton, Thomson, Goodwyn, Scott, and the Encyclopedia Metropo- 
Jitajia. Many of his examples have been selected from the valuable edi- 
tion of Hutton's Mathematics, by Professor Rutherford, of the Royal 
IMilitary Academy, Woolwich. 

This work covers the full course of Davies' Bourdon, and contains a new 
and beautiful demonstration of the Binomial Theorem in the case of an 
Esponent, by Professor Pike Powers, late of the University of Virginia. 



' S M I T H ' S B I T. 

AN ELEMENTARr TREATISE 0^ ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY. TRANSLATED 

FROM TUE FRENCH OF J. B. BIOT, 

BY FRANCIS H.SMITH, A.M. 

EEVISED EDITION. 

This work of M. Biot has more to recommend it than (he mere style of 
composition, unexceptionable as that is. The mode in which he has pre- 
sented the subject is so peculiar and felicitous, as to have drawn from the 
Princeton Review the high eulogium upon his work, of being " the most 
perfect scientific gem to be found in any language." Biot's Analytical 
Geometry is the basis upon which other works published in this country 
have been prepared. 

NOTICES OF THE SERIES. 



From the Board of Directors of the Literary Fund, Va. 
The Board of Directors of the Literary Fund having examined Smith 
and Duke's American Statistical Arithmetic, composed by Francis H. 
Smith, Esq., Superintendent and Professor of Mathematics in the Virginia 
Military Institute, take pleasure in recommending the work, especially 
for the purpose for which it is designed, "to prepare beginners for the 
study of the more advanced parts of the science." The plan of inculcat ju(» 
valuable statistical information in the illustration of arithmetical rules, is 
not only novel and attractive, but useful, and is doubtless calculated to 
li:ake a strong impression on the minds of youth. 
A true extract from the minutes. 

Signed, J. BROWN, Jr., Second Auditor, 

Office of the Literary Fund Board, Va. 

(31) 



MATHEMATICAL WOEKS. 

From. J. H. Brown, A.M., Principal of Zane Street School, Fhiladelphia. 
It was with much pleasure that I examined the American Statistical 
Arithmetic, by Smith and Duke, and an Introduction to the same, by 
Francis II. Smith, x\.M., both published by you. They are works of more 
than ordinary merit. With clear and definite Rules, they convey a large 
amount of valuable information not usually within the reach of students 
ot Arithmetic. Their general introduction will aid the cause of sound 
instruction in the Schools and Academies of our country. 



Extract of a Letter of Professor Powers, late ofVirgi7iia University. 

I consider it decidedly the best Arithmetic I have seen, not only as 
regards the valuable statistical information it contains, but also in ita 
arrangement, and the very clear and simple explanations of the rulea 
which it gives. 

NOTICES OF SMITH'S ALGEBRA. 



From Prof. P. Powers, Late Professor of University of Virginia. 
I have been using your Algebra for nearly twelve months, and can truly 
say it answers my purpose better than any other I am acquainted with. It 
presents the leading principles of the science in a concise and simple form, 
and especially those higher principles which give beginners most trouble, 
60 that I have never had my cljtsses master them before with so little 
difficulty. 

From Prof. W. N. Pendleton. 
The work which you have translated, I have, ever since becoming fami- 
liar with it, regarded as a masterpiece in that department of mathematical 
science — indeed, my feelings respecting it have always partaken much of 
the enthusiastic. It bears the evident stamp of genius, and embodies more 
of the beauties of ingenuity, simplicity, and generalization, than any other 
work of that class of subjects vt'ith which my mathematical studies have 
made me acquainted. 

From the Virginian, Winchester, Va. 
A new Algebra, by Col. Francis A. Smith, the highly efficient and 
esteemed Superintendent of our Military Institute at Lexmgton, will 
require no eulogy of ours, in view of the rapid and entire success of the 
author's previous work, the Statistical Arithmetic. This work has ail the 
prestige a city publisher can give it, and Virginians have thus all they 
demand before giving their encouragement to home productions. No Vir- 
ginia school-boy will lose much by being minus Bonnycastle and plu$ 
Smith. 

(32) 



MATHEMATICAL WOEKS. 

NOTICES OF SMITH'S BIOT'S ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY 



From Prof. John B. Strange, Norfolk Academy. 
1 have seen your Algebra, and, after a careful examination of it, I do 
not hesitate to pronounce it an excellent work — the best on the subject 
that I have seen. I shall therefore adopt it immediately in the Academy. 
I am so much pleased with all your mathematical works which have 
appeared, that I trust your labours in this department will not cease until 
you have completed the whole course. 



From A. W. MiLLSFAUGH, Principal of the Classical School, Farmville. 
It gives the definitions and some of the most abstruse parts of the 
science with greater clearness and perspicuity than any similar work whh 
which I am acquainted — and I also think the copious examples given a 
great desideratum. 

From Prof. Saunders, of William and Mary College. 
I have long lamented the defect in logical arrangement of most of the 
principal treatises on the subject of Analytical Geometry, with regard to 
one of its most important applications — Coriic Sectio?is. The student is 
informed that they are Conic Sections, because they result from the inter- 
section of a plane in different positions with the surface of a Cone, but he 
1=; put in possession of their properties before any proof is given to him that 
they are what they are called. The very last step usually is, to show that 
they are Conic Sections. The treatise of Biot comes precisely up to my 
idea of the proper arrangement in this respect. 



BRIDGE'S ALGEBRA. 

A TREATISE ON THE ELEMENTS OP ALGEBRA, 

BY THE REV. B. BRIDGE, B.D. F.R.S 

FeUow of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, and late Professor in Mathematics in the East 
India College, Herts. 

OTOOND AMERICAN, REVISED AND CORRECTED FROSI THE SEVENTH LONDON EDITION. 



(33) 



MODERN LANGUAGES. 



MANESCA^S FRENCH GRAMMAR| 

Or. the Serial and Oral Melliod of Teaching Languages : — Adapted to the French 

BY L. MANESCA. 

SERIAL AND ORAL METHOD. 



IVIANESGA'S FHE^ICH READER. 

Prepared for the vise of Students who have gone through the Course of Lessdns 

contained in the method j to which is added, 

A TABLE OF THE FEENCK VERBS, 

Arr.anged and classiiied on a neio plan, calculated to facilitate greatly their 

acquisition. By L. Manesca. 

EXTRACTS OF NOTICES OF MANESCA'S FRENCH GRAMMAR. 

From the New YorJt Daily Tribune. 
This is no doubt one of the most rational and effective manuals for the 
teaching of languages that has ever been prepared ; any person, with an 
ordinary degree of attention, may, with its aid, be certain of obtaining a 
sound, practical knowledge of the French in a short time. The Serial and 
Oral method was discovered by John Manesca, who devoted a life of pro- 
found philosophical investigation to the subject of teaching languages. 
I'he result of his labours was the creation of the system in question. Va- 
rious imitations have been made of his matchless method, and it has become 
more widely and popularly known under other names than his own. The 
most successful imitation is that made by Ollendokff, of Paris, a Ger- 
man teacher, into whose hands the system fell by accident, a few years 
since, and who appropriated it as an invention of his own. 

From the New York Evening Post. 

This appears to us a very able work, arranged with great order and 
method, and admirably adapted to the end it has in view. "I call the 
method, the Serial," says the author in the preface, "because the elements 
of our language are distributed and classified in a series, that is, in a natu- 
rally progressive and connected order, conformable to the nature of lan- 
guage and to the laws of acquisition of the understanding." The ele- 
ments are arranged, each in its proper place, forming one great chain ot 
connected and dependent links. With the aid of this Serial arrangement 
the student is led on by easy steps, from the simpler to the more complex 
patt of the language, and acquires it without the vexatious labour, grow- 
ing out of the artificial difficulties which false systems create. I'he term 
Oral indicates that the method communicates a knowledge of the spoken 
language. 

The oral exercises have been prepared, and are introduced for the pur- 
pose of communicating this knowledge. 'J"he serial and oral method is the 
same m pnnciple as that which nature employs in teaching the child its 
mother tongue, but being adaplcd to maturer age, the serie« of which the 
language is composed, is condensed and greatly abridged, so that an 
amount of language can, in a few months, be acquired by the student 
which the child requires years to learn. 

(34) 



MANESOA'S FEENCH GP.AMMAE. 

Extract of a Letter from Alphonse Brtjxner, Professor of the French 
Language, Cincinnati. 

Manesea's Grammar is an admirable school-book, mucb superior to that 
nf Ollendorf, which is but an imitation of the system of which John Manesca 
is the author. My opinion is, that the new Practical Grammar of L. Manesca 
is the best work that can be adopted to teach to speak and to write the 
French language. 

The Eeader, by the same author, is very good, and can be adapted to any 
Bystem. 



The plan of this book appears to us eminently philosophical, and we be- 
lieve will prove successful in its application. — N, Y. Courier and Enquirer. 



This method, which is no doubt the best adapted for the study of the 
living language, has been thoroughly revised by the son of the author, L. 
Manesca, a successful professor of French. It is condensed in a single 
volume, beautifully bound, and carefully corrected, and is superior to all 
other works of the kind published in this country. "With the serial and oral 
method of L. Manesca, it is impossible even for any person not to learn in a 
few months to speak fluently, and write correctly, the French language. — 
New York Herald. 



From tJie Ifemphis (Tenn.) Appeal. 

The vast superiority which the system first introduced by John Manesca, 
the author's father, possesses over all others, in imparting a knowledge of 
languages, and enabling the learner to speak as well as write a strange 
tongue, has been acknowledged by all who have ever tested the various 
methods. In order to acquire facility in sjyeaking French, it is absolutely 
indispensable that the oral system should be adopted. The absence of this 
is the great objection to all methods generally in use; and their popularity 
is only sustained by teachers, to the detriment of the pupil. Ollendorf s plan 
\e, like all others, subject to these objections. 

The oral method familiarizes the pupil to the so^ncZ of words which he 
might be able to write and construe, and never be able to pronounce. Teach- 
ers of French and other foreign languages now r.eadily adopt a method 
which releases them from much labor, whilst the pupil is the sufferer. We 
can but recommend this new French Gi-ammar to the attention of parents 
who desire their children shall speak the language, as it is incomparably 
Buperior to all we have ever seen. And we believe that the method of Ma- 
nesca is the only one which should be adopted in our schools and colleges. 



We are ready to testify from our own experience that this work is leading 
the pupil — to use the language of the preface — on a road comparatively 
smooth and even, to travel which requires ho other effort than the natural 
movement of the body. — Cincinnati Gazette. 

(35) 



MODERN LANGUAGES. 

MEADOWS' SPANISH AND ENGLISH DICTIONAM. 



NEW SPANISH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 

I N TWO PARTS. 

I. Spanish and English — II. English and Spanish. 

The First Part comprehends all the Spanish words, with their proper 
accents, and every^ noun with its gender. The Second Part, with the addi- 
tion of many new words, contains all the various meanings of English verbs 
in alphabetical order, all expressed by their correspondent Spanish in a 
simple and definite sense. At the end of both parts is afiixed a list of usual 
Christian and Proper I^ames, Names of Countries, &c. 

BIT P. O. im-BJ^-DQ-^JS, Tm. Ik. 
Of the University of Paris, Author of the New French Pronouncing Dic- 
tionary ,• also, of the new Italian and English Dictionary, Grammars, &g. 

The high reputation attained by Meadows' Spanish and English Diction- 
ary, both in this country and Europe, has induced the American publishers 
to issue it in its present neat and convenient form, with a view to meet tho 
great and increasing demand for the book on this side of the Atlantic. 

It would seem almost impossible to combine within so narrow limits such 
a complete vocabulary of words, with their full and precise significations, as 
will be found in this book; and yet it is believed that not one word justly 
entitled to admission has been excluded, whilst, in clearness and accuracy 
of definition. Dictionaries of much larger dimensions can claim no superiority. 

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 

From the Literary World. 
"We have from Thomas, Cowperthwait & Co., in a neat, elegant, and com- 
pact form, "Meadows' New Spanish and English Dictionary." The demand 
for books on the Spanish language has risen rapidly with our new relationa 
with Mexico and Central America, and the growth of California. This will 
prove a welcome pocket volume to the passenger by the Isthmus, and the 
settler among the swarming towns of the Pacific. 

From the PhUadelphia Evening Btdlefin. 
This is a very neat and elegant edition of th * bgst Spanish and English 
Dictionary yet published — one which is recognized and preferred by all the 
best scholars in this country and in Europe. We have such constant inter- 
course wim the Spanish colonies, with South America, and with Mexico, 
that a thorough knowledge of the noble Spanish tongue is essential to a 
thorough education. "We have no doubt that the students of the language 

will soon discover tho superiority of Meadows' Dictionary. 

(36) 



MODERN LANGUAGES. 

From the Baltimore American. 
This is a very seasonable work, as most of the Spanish Dictionaries now 
in use contain much obsolete matter that tends to confuse the student, ratber 
than instruct him. The simplicity of the arrangement of Mr. Meadows' 
work is a great improvement, and will no doubt secure its extensive adop- 
tion. It is in two parts — Spanish and English, and English and Spanish. 
The book is published by Messrs. Thomas, Cowperthwuit & Co., Philadel- 
phia, and is printed with small but clear type, on fine paper. We regard it 
as an excellent specimen of the great improvement which has lately bee.u 
made in the art of printing. 



From the PliUadeJpTiia Saturdriy Courier. 
Of this volume it is necessary to say but little, since the present intercourse 
between this country, and Spain and its dependencies, is already such as to 
make the utility of this new Dictionary very apparent. That intercourse is 
annually enlarging, and the language of the Don must come to form a more 
distinct portion of a commercial, as well as general education, than it has 
heretofore done. It is fast becoming one of the indispensable accomplish- 
ments of the educated gentleman and the practical merchant. The high 
reputation of Meadows, both at home and with us, is the best guarantee that 
can be required, or that could be offered, of the excellence of the work 
which the Philadelphia publishers have presented to the public in so neat 
and admirable a form. So complete a vocabulary of words, with their full 
and precise signification, it would be impossible to put into a more compact 
and convenient form. 

This is a condensed edition of the most complete — for the student — Spa- 
nish and English Dictionary ever published. It cannot fail to be received 
with great favor by students who are learning Spanish, and must be very 
useful to those who are travelling in countries where the Spanish language 
is spoken. — Baltimore Futriot. 

It will prove a particularly valuable acquisition to students of the Spanish 
language, and lo travellers and others about to visit any part of Spanish 
America. — Philadelphia North American. 



GE.AETEK'S * GERMAN PHEASES 

One Volume, 12mo. Half Roa:;^. 

D (37) 



SCnOOL LIBRARY BOOKS. 



Valuable fmh for $t^ul %\kam. 




LOED'S HISTOEY. 

A MODERN HISTORY, 

FR03I THE TlilE OF LUTHER TO THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. BY JOHN LOED, A.M. 
LECTURER ON HISTORY. 

A gentleman who has been listened to and eulogized as a lecturer on his 
lory, by Dr. Chalmers, and scores of other eminent men in Great Britain, 
and whose lectures are just now attracting rrftich admiration in ourown city, 
has no occasion for newspaper praise. It would be difficult to imagine how 
a volume like the present could be used as a class-book in a public insti- 
tution without imparting benefits rarely experienced in kindred studies. 
Indeed we know no other compend covering the same ground equal to it ; 
and it will be found as interesting and instructive in the family as in schools. 
No District School should be without it. — NewarJt, N. J. Advertiser. 

(38) 



SCHOOL LIBRARY BOOKS. 




PINNOCK'3 HISTORICAL SERIES. 

PINNOCK'S ENGLAND. 

REVISED EDITION 



PINNOCK'S IMPHOVED EDITION OF DR.GOLDSSnTH'S HISTORY OE ENGLAND 

FROM THE INYASIOISr OF JULIUS CiESAR 
TO THS DUILTM or OUOHaE THH S3SCOI7D 

WITH A CONTINUATION TO THE YEAR 1845: 
WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION} 

EE3IPES A VARIETY OF VALUABLE INFORMATION ADDED THROUGHOUT THE WORK, 

ConsistiDg of Tables of Contemporary Sovereigns and eminent Persons, copious Ezpla* 

natory Notes, Remarks on the Politics, Manners and Literature of the Age, 

and an Outline of the Constitution. 

Slltt0trdA luitlj mnnrrnii5 (fttgrnnitigH, 

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH AMERICAN, CORRECTED AND REVISED FROM THE THIRTT-riFTH 
ENGLISH EDITION, 

By W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., or Trinity College, Dublin, 

Author of a Manual of Ancient aild Modern Illstory, &c, &c. 

(39) 



SCHOOL LIBKARY BOOKS. 

■ PINNOCK'S FRANCE, 

mSTORY OF FRANCE AND NORMANDY, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 
THE REVOLUTION OF 1848, 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION, 

By W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., of Trinity College, Dublin, 

Author of a Manual of Ancient and Modern History, &c. &c., and Editor of Pinnoek'B 
Improred editions of Goldsmith's Greece, Rc^me, and England. 

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS. 

TWENTT-FIFTH AMEEICAN FROM THE THIRD ENGLISH EDITION. 

PINNOCK'S ROME, 

REVISED EDITION, 

PINNOCK'S IMPROTED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMTH'S HISTORY OF ROM.B, 

TO -WHICH IS PREFIXED 

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ROMAN HISTORY, 

AND A GREAT VARIETY OF INF0R3IATI0N THROUGHOUT THE WORK, 

ON THE MANNERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE ROMANS J 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION. 

SIXTT-FIFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE TWENTY-THIRD LONDON EDITION, IMPROVED 

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D., 

WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS. 

PINNOCK'S GREECE, 

REVISED EDITION. 

PINNOCK'S niPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDS^HTH'S HISTORY OF GREECE, 
REVISED, CORRECTED, AND VERY CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED, 

BY THE ADDITION OF SEVERAL NEW CHAPTERS, AND NUMEROUS 

USEFUL NOTES. 

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION. 

rORTT-FIFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE NINETEENTH LONDON EDITION, BIPEOVED 

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D., 

V/ITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS. 

rinnock's Series have been recommended by several State Superin- 
tendents for the School Libraries of their respective States, and great 
numbers of them have been sold for that purpose. The present editions 
of the Histories of England, Greece and Rome, were revised by the emi- 
nent Historian, W. C. Taylou, LL.D., of Trinity College, Dublin, who 
is also the author of the History of France. The different volumes of the 
series are handsomely illustrated and substantially bound. 

(40) 



SCHOOL LIBBART BOOKS. 




FROSTS PICTORIAL WORLD. 

THREE VOLUMES, KOYAL OCT AVO. — COSIPRISING IN 
VOL. I. 

PICTORIAL ANCIENT HISTOUY OF THE WOULD, 

FROM THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE DEATH OF CONSTANTINE THE GREATL 
VOL. II. 

PICTOEIAL HISTOEY OF THE MIDELE AGES, 

FROM THE DEATH OP CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO THE DISCOVERY OP 
AJMERICA RY COLUJIBUS. 

VOL. III. 

PICTORIAL MODERN HISTORY, 

FROM THE DISCOVEKY OF AMERICA BY COLUMBUS, TO 
THE PRESENT TIME. 

-BY JOHN FROST, LL.D., 

mOFSSSOR OF BELLES LETTKES IN THE HIGH SCHOOL OF PHILADELPHIA. 



Frost's Pictorial World is one of the most beautiful books in print. It 
js beautifully illustrated with fine engravings, printed on fine paper, bound 
in imitation Turkey, marble and gilt edges, and in plain sheep. It is 
Professor Frost's great work. 

d2 (41) 



JUVENILE SERIES. 




PARLEY'S JUVENILE SERIES. 



PARLEY'S AMERICA. 

New rcTised Edition — With numerous EngraTings. 



PARLEY'S EUROPE. 

New revised Edition — "VTitli numerous Engraviags. 



PARLEY'S ASIA. 

New revised Edition — With a Map and Engravings. 



PARLEY'S AFRICA. 

New revised Edition — With numerous Engravings. 



PARLEY'S ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC. 

New revised Edition — With a Map and Engravings. 



PARLEY'S TALES OF THE SEA. 

New revised Edition — With numerous Engravings. 



(43) 



JUVENILE SERIES. 
\ PARLEY'S ROME. 

New revised Edition — With numerous Engravings. 



PARLEFS ANCIENT AND MODERN GREECE. 

New revised Ediftion — With, many Engravings. 



PARLEY'S WINTER EVENING TALES. 

New revised Edition — With many Engravings. . 



PARLEY'S JUVENILE TALES. 

New revised Edition — With numerous Engravings. 



PARLEY'S BIBLE STORIES. 

New revised Edition — With Illustrations. 



PARLEY'S ANECDOTES. 

New revised Edition — With many Engravings. 



PARLEY'S SUN, MOON AND STARS. 

New revised Edition — With Engravings. 



PARLEY'S LIFE OF WASHINGTON. 

New revised Edition — With Engravings. 



PARLEY'S LIFE OF FRANKLIN. 

New revised Edition — With Engravings. 



PARLEY'S LIFE OF COLUIMBUS. 

New revised Edition — With Engravings. 



PARLEY'S WASHINGTON, FRANKLIN, AND COLUMBUS. 

Elegantly illustrated, bound in one volume — 16mo. 



Peter Parley's books certainly need neither description, nor recom 
mendation. Of this series it is necessary only to say they are the genu- 
ine production of the veritable Peter Parley, the man whose books ali 
children so much love, Samuel G, Goodrich. They are put up in an 
attractive style, are handsomely illustrated, and for use in schools or 
Bchool libraries are unequalled. 

(44) 



LIBRARY BOOKS. 




WATSON'S 

HISTOEY OF THE UMTED STATES. 
HISTOM OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

FROM THE DISCOVERY TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

BY PIENRY C. WATSON, 

Author of " Camp-Fires of the Revolution," " Nights in a BiocK- 
House," &c. 

ILLUSTRATED WITH ONE THOUSAND ENGRAVINGS, 

FROM DESIGNS OF 
CKOO:>IE, DEVEFvEUX, AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED AKTIST3. 



Watson's History is a complete History of the United States, con* 
tained in one volume, large octavo, of 1000 pages. It is very fully and 
beautifully illustrated, containing one thousand fine engravings. 

It was the design of the author, and it has been very fully carried out, 
to prepare a reliable and attractive History for popular circulation; and it 
will be found a most admirable work for School Libraries. 

(45) 



LIBRARY BOOKS. 

PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND, 

FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS C^SAR TO THE DEATH 

OF GEORGE 11. 

BY r>R. OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 

WITH A CONTINUATION TO THE PRESENT TIME, 

By Jolin Frost, L.L.D. 

EmhellisJied with One Hundred and Seveniy -three Engravings, consisting of 

Portraits, Costumes, Historical Pictures of Battles and Sieges, and 

Vieioa of Important Places. 

The work contains 512 demi octavo pages, neatly printed on good paper, 
and handsomely bound in embossed gilt leather, with marbled edges and 
marbled paper lining. 



PICTORIAL HISTORY OP 

FRANCE AND NORMANDY, 

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME, 



WITH A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE REVOLUTION, . 
AND THE SEVERAL REBELLIONS OF 1848. 

BY W. C. TAYLOR, L.L.D., 

Of Trinify College, Dublin — Author of A Ilaniial of Ancient and 
Modern History. 

This work contains Five Hundred and Twelve pages, demi-octavo, and is 
illustrated with upwards of Two Hundred Engravings, consisting of Portraits, 
Costumes, Historical Pictures of Battles and Sieges, and Views of Important 
Places. 

The History of France is full of interest, and it forms a most important 
study, particularly for the people of our own country. 

France not only presents to the American a most profitable study in ita 
history, but it advances a strong claim to the sympathy of our own happy 
country. To her we are, in a great measure, indebted for the successful 
assertion of our own claim to National Independence. To her we are 
indebted for the La Fayettes, the Rochambeaus, the Armands, the De 
Grasses and the D'Estaings of the Revolution— and to her great NAPO- 
LEON we owe the easy acquisition of a most important portion of our 
National Territory. 

Every American should therefore study the History of France. It is neatly 
printed on good paper, and handsomely bound, embossed leather and gilt 
binding, with marbled edges and marbled paper lining. 

(48) 



MEDICAL BOOKS. 

SWELL'S MEDICAL COMPANION, 

OR 

familij ||!jif5uiaii: 

Treating of the Diseases of the United States, with their Symptoms, Cause, 

Cure, and means of Prevention ; Common Cases in Surgery, as Fractures, 

Dislocations, &o. The Management and Diseases of Women and 

Children. A Dispensatory for preparing Eamily Medicines-, 

and a Glossary explaining Technical Terms. 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

A brief Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body, showing, on rational 

principles, the Cause and Cure of Diseases; An Essay on Hygiene, or 

the Art of Preserving Health without the Aid of Medicine. An 

American Materia Medica, pointing out the "Virtues and Doses 

of our Medicinal Plants. Also, The Nurse's Guide. 

BY JAMES EWELL, 

PHYSICIAN IN WASHINGTON, FORMERLY OP SAVANNAH. 

THE TENTH EDITION, REVISED, ENLARGED AND VERY CONSIDERABLY IMPROVED i 

EBIBRACINS 

A TREATISE ON HYDROPATHY, HOM(EOPATHY, AND THE 

CERONOTHEEMAL SYSTEM. 

The work is printed on fine white paper, from large and clear type, sub 
stantially bound in fine sheep, edge rolled, and contains near 700 pages, 8vo., 
embellished with a likeness of the Author, and a plate exhibiting the various 
modes of bathing adapted to Hydropathy. 

The following letter, from the distinguished Professor N. Chapman, M. D., 
has been selected from a number of commendatory notices of well-known 
physicians : 

Philadelphia. 

Dear Sir : — I have looked over, with some care, the copy of the edition 
of the "Medical Companion," which you did me the favor to present to me. 

By the additions and revisions given to this new impression of the work, 
it is not only enlarged, but exceedingly improved. 

After stating so much, I need hardly repeat an opinion, which I publicly 
expressed on a former occasion, that I consider it as indisputably the most 
useful popular treatise on medicine with which I am acquainted. 

(56) 



MEDICAL BOOKS. 

Compared with the European books of the same nature, it has, especially 
in relation to the treatment of the diseases of our own country, a very 
decided superiority. 

I trust that the success of this literary enterprise may be equal to your 
very generous and benevolent disposition. 

With great respect, I am, dear sir, yours, &e., 

N. CHAPMAN, M. D., 
Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Ifedicine, and Clinical PracticCf 
in the University of Pennsylvania. 



PANCOAST AND WISTAR'S ANATOMY. 

A SYSTEM OF ANATOMY 

FOR THE USE OP 

STUDENTS OF MEBICmE. 
BY CASPAR WISTAR, M. D., 

LATE PROFESSOR OP ANATOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 

WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS, 

BY W. E. HOai-TES, M. D., 
Late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 

IflNTH EDITION", ENTIRELY REMODELLED, AND ILLUSTRATED 
BY MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS, 

BY J. PANCOAST, M.D., 

Professor of General Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy in Jefferson Medical 
College of Philadelphia. 

IN TWO VOLUMES. 

The copperplate illustrations of the "Arteries," by Sir C. Bell, which 
•were formerly sold separate, at a cost greater than the whole of this work, 
have been renewed by a skilful engraver, so as to serve not only as an orna~ 
ment to the book, but an aid of the greatest importance to the student, are 
given entire in the present edition. 

(57) 



DEVOTIONAL BOOKS. 



•wv-ww^- 



THE HOLT BIBLE: 

CONTAINING THE 

OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS: 
TRANSLATED CUT OF THE ORIGINAL TONGUES, 

AND WITH THE 

rORJIER TRANSLATIONS DILIGENTLY COMPARED AND REYISED. 

■WITH OR WITHOUT 

THE APOCRYPHA, CONCORPANCE, ANP PSALMS IN METRE; 

OR EITHER OF THEM, TO SUIT PURCHASERS. 

THE PRICES OF- THE QUARTOS VARY PROM ONE TO TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS. 
Also, a beautiful edition of 

THE POLYGLOT BIBLE. 

ISino., sheep, edge rolled. 

Do. ........ morocco tucks, gilt edges. 

Do. . . super extra, do. 

Do Turkey morocco, do. 

[The Psalms in Metre, in each of the above styles, are furnished at five 
cents extra,] 

FABHLIJWORSHIP. 
PBAYEHS FOR THE OSE OF FAMILIES, 

CHIEFLY SELECTED, FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS; 

Sliili I frrliminErg f ssag* 

TOGETHER WITH 

A SELECTION OF HYMNS. 
BY ALBERT BARNES. 

A NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION, 

WITH A FOETEAIT OE THE AUTHOR. 

One Volume, Royal 12mo. In Various Styles of Einding. 

"The book is committed to the blessing of God, with the prayer that it 
may be one of the aids by which the worship of God may be extended and 
perpetuated amidst the families of this land." — Extract from the Preface. 

(69) 



DEVOTIONAL BOOKS. 

BH. ABAEf CLARKE'S COMMENTAHIES 

ON THE 

NEA¥ TESTAMENT. 

THE TEXT CAREFULLY PRINTED FROM THE MOST CORRECT COPIES OP 
THE PRESENT AUTHORIZED VERSION: 

INCLTJDINa THE 

MARGINAL EEADINGS AND PAEALLEL TEXTS, 

WITH A COIVIIVIENTARY AND CRITICAL NOTES: 

DESIGNED AS A HELP TO A 

BETTER UNDERSTANDINa OF THE SACRED WRITINGS. 

BY ADAM CLAEKE, L.L.D. F.S.A., M.R.U. 

" Fo-" whatsoever thingfi were loritten aforetime, were written for our learning : 
that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope." 

Epis. Rom. 
NEW EDITION, irVlPROVED-COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME. 

The work contains upwards of One Thousand royal octavo pages, and a 
Map of the principal places mentioned in the New Testament, with St. 
Paul's Voyage from Philippi to Tyre, and from Caesarea to Rome — the 
two volumes bound neatly and substantially in one large volume, embossed 
gilt leather binding, with marbled edges ; or in plain leather. 

AN ASSORTMENT OF 

PMAYEM BOOKS 

AND 

BIBLES, 

OF THE 

MOST APPROVED EDITIONS, 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

(60) 



DEVOTIONAL BOOKS. 



SOUTHERN HARMOITY, AND MUSICAL COMPANION. Containing 
a choice collection of Tunes, Hymns, Psalnas, Odes, and Anthems ; with 
nearly one hundred new tunes, lohich have never before been published; 
adapted to all Christian Churches, Singing Schools, and Private Societies. 
By William Walker. 

THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN POCKET HARMONIST; intended 
as an Appendix to the Southern Harmony; embracing the principal 
Hymns, Songs, Choruses and Revival Tunes, usually sung at Protracted 
and Camp Meetings. By William Walker. 

CANTUS ECCLESIA; OR, THE SACRED CHORISTER. By Darlei 
and Standbridge. The best collection of Church Music published. 



BEYOTIOHAL 

SONGS AND HYMNS. 



THE CLUSTER OF SPIRITUAL SONGS, DIVINE HYMNS, AND 
SACRED POEMS. Being chiefly a Collection. By Jesse Mercer, 
Minister of the Gospel at Washington, Ga. Fifth edition. 

THE CHOICE. Containing Psalms and Hymns, and Spiritual Songs. De- 
signed for public and private worship. By William Dossey, Minister 
of the Gospel. 

THE BAPTIST HARMONY. Being a Selection of Choice Hymns and 
Spiritual Songs for Social Worship. By Staunton S. Burdett, Minister 
of the Gospel. 

DUPUY'S HYMNS AND SPIRITUAL SONGS. Revised, corrected, and 
enlarged, by Rev. J. M. Peck. With an Appendix of Hymns, original 
and selected. 

F (61) 



DEVOTIONAL BOOKS. 



/\,'u>.njwn,/\/\.^ 



CALVIN AND LUTHEB'S SERMONS, 

Mill Iflrtfiits. 

One Volume. In different kinds of Bindinxj. 



A SELECTION 

OP THE 

MOST CELEBRATED SERMONS 

OP 

MARTIN LUTHEE, 

3Imist€r of the Gospel, and Principal Leader of tlie 
Protestant Reformation. 

2TEYEII BEEORE PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES, 

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED' 

A BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF HIS LIFK 

A SELECTION 

OF THE 

HOST CELEBRATED SERMONS 

OF 

JOHN CALYIN, 

Minister of the Gospel, and one of the Principal Leaders of the 
Protestant Eeformation, 

TO -which is PREFIXED 

A BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF HIS LIFE* 

Martin Luther and John Calvin are so thoroughly interwoven with the 
history of the Christian Church, that their opinions on the practical duties 
of life command the highest respect of all searchers after truth. 

(62) 



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(64) 



PHILOSOPHICAL TEXT-BOOK. 

MOEAL PHILOSOPHY 



BISHOP BUTLEE'S 

ETHICAL DISCOURSES, 

TO "WHICH ARE ADDED 

SOIVIE REMAINS, HITHERTO UNPOBLISHED. 
Prepared as a Text Book in Moral Philospliy, 

WITH A SYLLABUS BY DR. WHEWELL. 

EDITED BY THE BEV. JOSEPH C. PASSMOBE, A. M., 

Professor of Meiatal Philosophy, in the College of St. James, "Washiagton 

County, Maryland. 

One Vol. 12mo. 



*^* " The author to whom I am under the greatest obligation, is Bishop 
Butler." — Preface to "Moral PMlosophy ," ly the Eev. Framcis Waylandf 
D. D., President of Brown University, Rhode Island. 



NOTICES OF THE PRESS, 

From the New Yorh Churchman, Septemler 6, 1855. 
This is hy far the best American edition of Butler's Ethical Discourses 
that we hare seen; and quite equal to any, upon the whole, and very supe- 
rior to most, of the English editions. There are features in it, indeed, which 
give it almost an air of originality. The Bemains hitherto unpublished, for 
instance ; and its Editor's Introductory Essay on the Bishop's life and writ- 
ings ; while Dr. Whewell's Syllabus is an acquisition not generally to be 
found in such a volume. Its contents are not extensive, yet they are varied 
— fifteen Sermons, which, with the celebrated dissertation on the Nature 
©f Virtue, " constitute what is generally admitted," as the Editor in his Pre- 
face well observes, " to be the greatest work on Morals that has ever yet 
been written in our language." But, as well as these, the volume contains, 
after the Editor's Preface, some forty pages of Biographical Essay, which 
i» exceedingly interesting and valuable ; Dr. Whewell's Syllabus of the Ser- 



SCHOOL READING BOOKS. 



From the New York Independent, October 25, 1855. 
In the theological literature of the Church of England, there is no greater 
name than that of Joseph Butler, the author of the Analogy. We greet with 
pleasure the republication of his Ethical Discourses by Charles Desilver, 
Philadelphia, in an uncouimonly neat volume, designed and \oell fitted to be 
used as a text-booh in moral 'philosophy . These fifteen sermons were the 
author's first published work. In the present edition, the student has the 
benefit of a syllabus by Prof. Whewell, of Cambridge, in which those of the 
sermons which are most important to a course of moral philosophy are very 
skilfully analyzed. There is also a well written biography of the author by 
Kev. Joseph C. Passmore, Professor in the College of St. James, Maryland. 
We commend the volume to all those readers who are willing to think 
accurately and profoundly. 



From the Bibliaal Repertory and Princeton Bevieio, October, 1855. 
This is a valuable edition of a work known and esteemed by every student 
of morals. Bishop Butler stands first in the list of English moralists, and 
his works have exerted a wide influence even on those who have departed 
from his principles. As antagonistic to the utilitarianism of Paley, and the 
"greatest happiness scheme" in all its phases, these discourses must exert a 
heartfelt influence. No man can estimate the evil which has flowed from' 
making virtue to depend on the consequences of our actions. Anything, 
therefore, which tends to elevate the public mind to proper views of the 
nature of virtue, is a blessing to our country and to the world. 

POEMS, ESSAYS, TALES, 

BIALOGUES, AND DRAMATIC SKETCHES, 

CALLED THE 

A CLASS BOOK. 

BY MRS. CAROLINE LEE HENTZ. 

AUTHOR OF " LINDA," " EENA," " THE PLANTER'S NORTHERN BRIDE," ETC., ETC. 

One Vol. 12mo. 

The following extracts from the Pre/ace will afford an insight to tho 
character of the work. 

"The May Pastorals found in the following collection, were composed for 
the most beautiful and poetical of all festivities — a May-day coronation. 
Having been frequently solicited to furnish poems for similar occasions, and 
having proved their adaptation to the youthful mind, and what is still more 
important, to the youthful heart, I have resolved to colleci the Wild Blos- 
soms, and bind them into a Wreath, that they may not pass away with the 
ephemeral flowers of May. 

" The Dramatic Scenes, founded on Revolutionary events, were written to 
inculcate patriotic sentiments, and to cherish the recollection of those noble 
deeds by which our nation's glory and happiness have been established. 
All the articles are intended to convey some moral lesson, or to kindle pur© 
and generous emotions." 

(69) 



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ILLUSTRATED BY AN ACCURATE 

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Showing the lines of finished Bailroads, and their more important connectiofi», 

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The "Guide" Las passed through many editioas with the approbation of 
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Ihe progressire facilities of travel throughout the country. 

From GodcT/'a Lady's Booh. 

. , . The grand feature of the book is the Slap of the United States, 26 
inches by 30, in which all the routes ar3 accurately delineated, with reference 
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As a book and map of reference, this will be found extremely conve- 
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From the Literary World. 

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in one particular merits special commendation ; that is, the manner in which, 
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search of. 

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far as the scale permits, the researches of the most distinguished modern 
explorers both by sea and land; also the sailing tracks of the principal 
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ploring Expedition commanded by Commodore Wilkes ; together with the 
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in our own times. 

(71j 




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(72) 



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